This document discusses stealth technology and its applications. It provides an overview of stealth technology including its history and key concepts. It describes several major stealth aircraft developed by different countries such as the US F-117 Nighthawk, B-2 Spirit, F-22 Raptor, and F-35 Lightning II. The document discusses materials and shapes used in stealth aircraft as well as costs and advantages/disadvantages. It also explores future applications and directions for stealth technology.

1. Presented By :-
Mahendra M. Rajpurohit
Guided By :-
Prof. Pramod Kumar
T.E. Mech (B), Roll No. 21

2.  Introduction
 Literature Review
 History
 What Is Stealth ?
 Shape Of Stealth Aircraft
 Countries Having Stealth Technologies
 Where Is The Stealth Technology Already Used ?
 Stealth In India
 Types Of Stealth
 Materials Uses In Stealth Technology
 Cost Of Operation
 Advantages & Disadvantages
 Conclusion
 Future Scope
 Reference

3.  Stealth Technology Referred As “VLO” I.E, “VERY
LOW OBSERVABLE TECHNOLOGY”
 Fighter Planes Are Made With Stealth Technique So
They Are Harder To Be Detected By The Radar And
Other Devices
 Well Known Examples Include The United States' F-117
Nighthawk (1980s-2008), The B-2 Spirit "Stealth
Bomber“, The F-22 Raptor & The F-35 Lightning 𝜫

4.  Stealth Technology And Counter Stealth Radars, Presented
By Swayam Arora & Guided By Ramanpreet Kaur
 - The Purpose Of This Paper Is To Look Into The Developments In
“Counter Stealth Radars” Contrary To Stealth Aircrafts Which
Remained Unanswered By Conventional Radars For Decades
 Promising Stealth Technology Protocols in Defence
Presented By Prasanna Puttaswamy Guided By Pramod Srivatsa
Krishna Murthy
 - This Paper Presents And Describes The Stealth Technologies,
Which Are More Prominent. These Protocols Can Be Realised
Practically With Extensive Research In These Fields. Some Of The
Technologies Explained Are So Promising, It Gives Us Almost
Zero Visibility In Other Words It Is Almost Impossible To Detect
Aircraft Even By Some Advanced Radar System

5.  Investigation on Stealth Strategies in Coir Fiber Reinforced
Polymer Composites Presented By Balaguru I.,
Sendhilkumar S. & Sridhar K.
 - This Paper Provides A New Platform Towards The Stealth
Technology With Considerably Less Cost Materials. The Major
Contribution Of The Work Is To Introduce Natural Fiber
Composites In Stealth Technology

6. The First True Stealth Aircraft Was The Horten Ho
229 Flying Wing Fighter-bomber, Developed In
Germany During The Last Years Of WWII By
“REIMER & WALTER HORTEN”
Sr71 The First Stealth
Airplane Launched.
It Is Well Known As
'Black Bird'

7. The Goal Of Stealth Technology Is To Make An
Airplane Invisible To Radar. There Are Two
Different Ways To Create Invisibility :
1. The Airplane Can Be Shaped So That Any Radar
Signals It Reflects Are Reflected Away From The
Radar Equipment.
2. The Airplane Can Be Covered In Materials That
Absorb Radar Signals

8. The Shape Should Be Flat Or Rectilinear And At
The Same Time Oblique To The Incoming Wave
A Compact, Smoothly Blended External Geometry
To Achieve A Continuously Varying Curvature

10. UNITED STATES’ F117 (NIGHTHAWK)

11.  The Maiden Flight Of The F-117 Happened In 1981 &
Achieved Initial Operating Capability Status In
October 1983
 But Its Was Still An Secret Until It Was Revealed To
The World In November 1988
 It Was An Great Achievement For The American
Airforce

12.  B-2 SPIRIT BOMBER

13.  The B-2 Bomber Is The Only Aircraft That Can Carry
Large Air To Surface Standoff Weapons In A Stealth
Configuration
 The B-2 Spirit Is Capable Of All Altitude Attack
Missions Upto 50,000 Feet (15000 M), With A Range
Of More Than 6000 Nauticlal Miles (11000 Km)

15.  The US Airforce Developed Requirements For An
Advanced Tactical Fighter As A New Fighter To
Replace The Other Stealth Aircrafts
 In F-22 Raptor The Shape Of The Wings & Stabilator
Trailing Edges Were Refined To Imprve The
Aerodynamics, Strength & Stealth Characteristics

17.  It Is The Most Successful & The Cosliest Stealth
Aircraft Made By The US Airforce
 The Fifth Generation Combat Aircraft Is Designed To
Perform Ground Attacks & Air Defence Missions.
 It Is Still Under Improvement & No Radars Are Yet
Able To Delect It Accurately

18.  United States
 Russia
 China
 Germany

19.  “HAL AMCA”
I. The HAL Advanced Medium Combat
Aircraft (AMCA) IS A Stealth Multirole
Fighter Being Developed By India
II. The Project Costs Upto 10 Thousand
Crore Indian Rupees & Can Be Even
More

20. • Plasma Stealth Is A Proposed Process That
Uses Ionized Gas (Plasma) To Reduce
The Radar Cross Section (Rcs) Of An Aircraft
• Plasma Might Also Be Used To Modify The
Reflected Waves To Confuse The Opponent's
Radar System

21.  RAM Reffers To “RADAR ABSORBENT
MATERIALS”
 Stealth Aircrafts Have Skins Made With Rams.
 Some Of These Contains Carbon Black Particles &
Some Contains Tiny Iron Spheres

22.  Nanostructural Composite Material, Absorbing
Without Reflection Radar Wave.
 This New Material Is Based On Nanotechnology.

23.  Carbon Fiber Composites
 Magnetic Ferrite-based Substance
 RAM Reduces The Radar Cross Section Making
The Object Appear Smaller.

24.  Stealth Aircrafts Are Typically More Expensive To
Develop & Manufacture.
 An Example Is The B-2 Spirit, The B-2 Program Costs
The Us Airforce Almost $45 Billion (At Current Which
Is Approximately 2 Lacs 79 Thousand 500 Hundred
Crores In India)
 Coming To F-35 Lightning Program It Costs More
Than $142 Billion

25. Stealth Aircraft Have
Been Used In Conflicts,
Including Operation
Desert
Storm, Operation
Allied Force And
The 2003 Invasion Of
Iraq
Employed To Strike
High-value Targets

26.  The Osama Bin Ladens Encouter Was
Just Possible Due To These Stealth
Technology
 4 Stealth Helicopters Of Us Army
Entered Pakisthan Without Any
Permission & Completed The Mission
Within 24 Hours & Came Back
 During The Operation 1 Of The 4
Helicopters Crashed In The Bin Ladens
Compound & It Was Destroyed On The
Spot Because Us Will Never Want To
Share Its Technology

27.  H-60 BLACK HAWK

28. In 1994 Live Fire
Exercise Near Point
MUGU, California, A
B-2 Spirit Bomber
Dropped Forty Seven
500 lb (230 Kg)
“Class Mark 82
Bombs” Due To
Which A Massive
Destruction Was
Occured

29.  Chinese Radar May Pierce F-35
Lightning ∏ Stealth Armor
 Increasing Radar Technologies In
China May Soon Be Able To
Detect The F-22 Raptor & The F-
35 Lightning ∏
 Jy-26 Is The Most Advanced Radar
Being Made By China’s Nanjing
Defense Electronics Technology
Group Which Will Operate At An
Range Of 500 Km

30. Reduce The Damage Rate During The War
 Saves Military Forces
Develops The Military Secretes
Bluff The Anti-detective Device

31.  Instability Of Design
 Electromagnetic Emissions
 Cost Of Maintenance
 Sensitive Skin
 Cost Of Operations

32. Military Operation
Civil Aviation ( In Future By Boeing)
In Spacecraft
In Launch Vehicles

33.  Stealth Technology Is Clearly The Future Of Air
Combat
 In Future , As Air Defence Systems Grow Accurate &
Deadly, Stealth Technology Can Be A Factor For A
Decisive By A Country Over The Other
 In Future, Stealth Technology Will Not Only Be
Incorporated In Fighters Planes Or Bombers But Also
In Ships, Helicopters, Tanks & Transport Planes

34.  As We Studied That Stealth Technology Is An Very
Low Oberservation Technology It Can Be Used For
Secret Missions Such As Bin Ladens Encounter Or It
Could Be Misused As The 1994 Live Fire Exercise
 Stealth Is An Very Important Factort Of The Fastly
Growing Technological World

35.  Stealth Technology And Counter Stealth Radars
Vol.3, Issue 12 (December 2013), PP 15-19 Issn(e): 2278-
4721, Issn(p):2319-6483
 Promising Stealth Technology Protocols In
Defence
Volume 2 Issue 10ǁ October 2013 ǁ PP.18-22
 Investigation On Stealth Strategies In Coir Fiber
Reinforced Polymer Composites
Vol. 1(1), 6-10, February (2013)