Mycobacterium leprae
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Mycobacterium leprae causes leprosy, also known as Hansen's Disease. It is an acid-fast rod that cannot be grown in artificial media and grows best at low temperatures. Leprosy damages the skin, superficial nerves, eyes, nose, and testes. There are 5 subdivisions based on the level of cellular immunity, ranging from Lepromatous leprosy which has very low immunity and involvement of multiple areas, to Tuberculoid leprosy which has intact immunity and self-limiting localized involvement. The different classifications represent a spectrum between these two polar forms.
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Mycobacterium leprae
This document provides information about leprosy (Hansen's disease), including:
- It is caused by Mycobacterium leprae and primarily affects the skin, nerves, and mucosa.
- There are several classification systems including paucibacillary, multibacillary, lepromatous, tuberculoid, and borderline. Classification depends on immune response and bacterial load.
- It remains a major public health problem with millions of cases worldwide, especially in India, Brazil, and African countries. Treatment involves multidrug therapy to prevent disability.
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Mycobacterium leprae (Leprosy)- "Hansen's disease"
Mycobacterium leprae is the causative agent of leprosy. It is an acid-fast, non-motile bacillus that can be identified microscopically in skin and nerve smears stained with Ziehl-Neelsen stain. Leprosy exists as a spectrum depending on host immunity, ranging from tuberculoid leprosy where host immunity is high to lepromatous leprosy where host immunity is low. Diagnosis involves identification of bacilli in smears as well as serological and molecular tests. Treatment involves multidrug therapy with dapsone, rifampicin, and clofazimine depending on whether the patient has the paucib
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This document discusses Mycobacterium leprae, the bacteria that causes leprosy. It describes the cultural characteristics of M. leprae, noting that they are unable to be cultivated in other medias. It then discusses the pathogenesis and types of leprosy. There are four main types described - lepromatous, tuberculoid, dimorphic/borderline, and indeterminate. The types are distinguished based on the appearance of skin lesions and presence of bacteria. Diagnosis involves examination of skin and nerves, biopsy of skin or nerves, and acid fast staining to look for the bacteria. Treatment recommended is multidrug therapy using dapsone, rifampicin and clofazimine
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Leprosy is a chronic infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium leprae. It is characterized by lesions of the peripheral nerves, skin, and nasal mucosa. There are different clinical classifications of leprosy based on immune response and bacterial load, ranging from tuberculoid leprosy with few bacteria and strong immune response to lepromatous leprosy with many bacteria and weak immune response. Without treatment, leprosy can cause permanent damage, especially to the hands, feet, and face.
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Mycobacterium leprae
This document provides information about leprosy (Hansen's disease), including:
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- There are several classification systems including paucibacillary, multibacillary, lepromatous, tuberculoid, and borderline. Classification depends on immune response and bacterial load.
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This document discusses leprosy, a chronic disease caused by Mycobacterium leprae. Key points include:
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- M. leprae is an acid-fast bacillus that is intracellular and can be seen in bundles or "globi" inside cells.
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- Gas gangrene is a serious infection caused by C. perfringens that involves muscle tissue necrosis and gas formation. It presents with increasing pain, edema, and tissue blackening. Other Clostridium species such as C. septicum can also cause gas gangrene.
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This document discusses opportunistic mycoses that occur in individuals with compromised immune systems. It focuses on several common fungal causes including Aspergillus, Mucor, and Penicillium species. Aspergillosis is described in detail, outlining the different clinical manifestations depending on infection site and immune status. Diagnosis involves microscopic examination and culture of specimens. Treatment involves antifungal therapies like amphotericin B and azoles.
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M. leprae is the bacteria that causes leprosy. It is found in the nose and respiratory tract of infected individuals. While it can survive in the environment for some time, it is transmitted through direct contact with infected individuals. M. leprae causes a chronic granulomatous disease that primarily affects the skin, nerves, and nasal mucosa. There are several forms of leprosy depending on the immune response of the infected individual, ranging from tuberculoid leprosy where immune response is strong to lepromatous leprosy where immune response is weak. Diagnosis is based on clinical signs and confirmation is through visualization of acid-fast bacilli in skin or nerve biopsies
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- Risk of infection and disease is highest among socioeconomically disadvantaged people with poor housing and nutrition. Tuberculosis is transmitted via respiratory aerosols from people with active, untreated tuberculosis.
- Laboratory diagnosis involves microscopy, culture, and molecular techniques using sputum, gastric washings, urine, tissues or other clinical samples. Staining methods like Ziehl-Neelsen identify acid-fast bacilli. Culturing is needed for species identification and drug
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M. leprae.pptx
This document discusses leprosy, a chronic disease caused by Mycobacterium leprae. Key points include:
- Leprosy affects the skin and nerves and can cause deformities if left untreated. It is transmitted through droplets.
- M. leprae is an acid-fast bacillus that is intracellular and can be seen in bundles or "globi" inside cells.
- Leprosy manifestations depend on host cell-mediated immunity and range from tuberculoid leprosy with good immunity to lepromatous leprosy with poor immunity.
- Diagnosis involves examination of skin and nasal smears for acid-fast bacilli as well as le
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- Corynebacterium is a genus of Gram-positive, non-motile, non-sporeforming rod-shaped bacteria.
- Corynebacterium diphtheriae causes diphtheria, an upper respiratory illness characterized by sore throat and formation of a pseudomembrane in the throat/nose.
- Laboratory diagnosis involves microscopic examination of smears stained with Albert's stain showing metachromatic granules within rods, and culture showing characteristic small colonies on Loeffler's slope medium within 6-8 hours.
Superficial mycoses
1. Superficial mycoses include dermatophytosis, pityriasis versicolor, keratomycosis, tinea nigra, black piedra, and white piedra.
2. Dermatophytosis, also known as ringworm, is a fungal infection of the skin, hair, or nails caused by dermatophyte fungi. Common types include tinea capitis, tinea barbae, tinea corporis, tinea cruris, tinea pedis, and tinea unguium.
3. Pityriasis versicolor is caused by the yeast Malassezia furfur and presents as hyperpigmented or depigmented
Superficial:cutaneous mycoses
Superficial mycoses are cosmetic fungal infections of the skin or hair shaft that do not invade living tissue or cause cellular response. This document discusses several types of superficial mycoses including tinea versicolor caused by Malassezia furfur presenting as hyperpigmented lesions, tinea nigra caused by Exophiala werneckii presenting as brown to black lesions, and white and black piedra involving Trichosporon beigelii and Piedraia hortae forming nodules on hair. Diagnosis involves microscopic examination of skin or hair samples and treatment includes antifungal agents.
Subcutaneous Mycosis
1. Mycetoma is a chronic subcutaneous infection characterized by painless swelling, sinuses, and discharge of characteristic grains. It is mostly caused by fungi (eumycetoma) or bacteria (actinomycetoma) transmitted through skin trauma in tropical areas.
2. Chromoblastomycosis presents as verrucous plaques or nodules that may ulcerate, caused by dematiaceous fungi transmitted through skin abrasions in tropical regions. Phaeohypomycosis is a related fungal infection characterized by subcutaneous cysts.
3. Other fungal infections described include sporotrichosis causing ulcerative nodules along lymphatics, lobomy
Subcutaneous mycoses.ppt
1. Subcutaneous mycoses are chronic fungal or bacterial infections of the subcutaneous tissues that can spread through the lymphatics or form sinus tracts. They are caused by organisms found in soil and are most common in tropical regions.
2. Mycetoma, also known as Madura foot, is a common subcutaneous mycosis characterized by a slowly progressive granulomatous infection of the skin and subcutaneous tissues of the extremities. It is caused by fungi like Madurella mycetomatis or bacteria like Actinomyces.
3. Diagnosis involves identification of fungal or bacterial grains from infected lesions through microscopic examination of potassium hydroxide mounts, staining techniques,
Mycobacterium tuberculosis
Mycobacterium tuberculosis are acid-fast, non-motile rods that cause tuberculosis in humans. They grow slowly over several weeks on solid and liquid media. On Lowenstein-Jensen medium they form rough, raised colonies. They have a complex lifecycle within human hosts involving infection of alveolar macrophages, initial symbiosis, caseous necrosis of tissue, and possible cavity formation. While resistant to disinfectants and acids, they are killed by heat, sunlight, ethanol, and formaldehyde. Laboratory diagnosis involves microscopy, culture, animal transmission, and tuberculin skin testing. Immunoprophylaxis uses the BCG vaccine.
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Tuberculosis is caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis. It has historically been a major global health problem, infecting one third of the world's population and killing millions each year. M. tuberculosis can be detected by acid-fast staining and grows very slowly, taking weeks to culture. Treatment requires a multi-drug regimen over several months to prevent the development of drug resistance. Despite efforts to control the disease, it remains a significant cause of illness and death worldwide.
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Este documento proporciona información sobre la lepra indeterminada, la lepra lepromatosa y la lepra dimorfa. Describe sus características clínicas, incluidos los signos cutáneos, neurológicos y hallazgos en órganos internos. También resume los resultados de baciloscopia e histopatología para cada forma clínica. Además, ofrece detalles generales sobre el agente causal de la lepra, Mycobacterium leprae, como su morfología, crecimiento y patogenicidad.
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- Mycobacterium leprae is the bacterium that causes leprosy. It was discovered in 1873 by Norwegian physician Gerhard Hansen.
- M. leprae is an intracellular parasite that infects macrophages and peripheral nerves. It is a straight or slightly curved, capsulated, non-motile, non-sporulating, acid-fast bacillus.
- It is cultured from the footpads of nine-banded armadillos and has a cell wall with an outer and inner layer, a capsule, cell membrane, and cytoplasm. M. leprae is not cultivable in laboratory conditions.
leprosy disease ppt Represented bynirjesh kumar mgip lucknow
This document summarizes information about leprosy (Hansen's disease). It is caused by the bacterium Mycobacterium leprae. There are two main types of leprosy - lepromatous, which damages the skin, eyes, and respiratory system, and tuberculoid, which affects the nerves in fingers and toes and surrounding skin. Symptoms can take up to 20 years to appear. Leprosy is transmitted through respiratory droplets. Diagnosis is clinical by examining skin lesions and nerve damage. Treatment involves multidrug therapy with rifampicin, dapsone, and clofazimine to reduce drug resistance, with treatment lasting 6-24 months depending on bacterial load.
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Mycobacterium Leprae causes leprosy, a chronic infectious disease that affects the skin, nerves, and respiratory tract. It is transmitted through respiratory droplets and prolonged skin contact. After an incubation period of 2-10 years, symptoms may include skin lesions, nerve damage, and loss of fingers or toes. Leprosy exists on a spectrum from tuberculoid to lepromatous forms depending on immunity. Diagnosis involves skin or nasal smears examined microscopically for acid-fast bacilli. Multi-drug therapy including dapsone, rifampicin, and clofazamine has significantly reduced global incidence since 1985.
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Mycobacterium leprae
Mycobacterium leprae
El documento describe las características de Mycobacterium leprae, el bacilo causante de la lepra. M. leprae es un bacilo ácido-alcohol resistente que causa una enfermedad crónica de la piel y los nervios periféricos. La lepra se clasifica dependiendo del grado de inmunidad celular del huésped y puede manifestarse como lepromatosa, tuberculoide, bordeline o neural. El diagnóstico se basa en el examen clínico, la baciloscopía y pruebas seroló
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leprosy disease ppt Represented bynirjesh kumar mgip lucknow
leprosy disease ppt Represented bynirjesh kumar mgip lucknow
Mycobacterium tuberculosis and Mycobacterium leprae
Mycobacterium tuberculosis and Mycobacterium leprae
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leprosy-200223154606.pdf
Leprosy is a great mimiker and it is our following types - tuberculoid leprosy , borderline tuberculoid
Leprosy
Leprosy is a chronic infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium leprae bacteria. It mainly affects nerves and skin. The disease presents on a spectrum depending on the host's immune response. Patients with strong immunity typically have localized tuberculoid leprosy lesions, while those with weak immunity are more likely to develop disseminated lepromatous leprosy with high bacterial loads. Leprosy is classified using systems that consider clinical features and bacterial loads. Treatment involves multidrug therapy to cure the disease and prevent disability and transmission.
mycobacterium leprae.pptx for educational
This document summarizes information about Mycobacterium leprae and leprosy (Hansen's disease). It discusses how leprosy is caused by M. leprae, mainly affecting the skin, nerves, and respiratory tract. Key points include that leprosy is an ancient disease, most infectious in its lepromatous form. Diagnosis involves examination of skin and nerve lesions as well as lab tests to identify acid-fast bacilli. Treatment involves multidrug therapy to prevent deformities and control transmission.
Leprosy for undergraduate medical students
Ali Gargoom
Assistant Professor of Dermatology
Faculty of Medicine
Benghazi-University
Benghazi-Libya
Hansens disease
- Mycobacterium leprae is the causative bacteria of leprosy (Hansen's disease), which was first recognized in ancient times and described by Hippocrates. The bacteria was discovered in 1873 and causes a chronic granulomatous disease primarily affecting the skin, nerves, and respiratory tract.
- Leprosy has a long incubation period of 5-7 years on average and can be classified based on clinical presentation and bacterial load as tuberculoid, borderline, or lepromatous. Effective treatment involves multidrug therapy with rifampicin, dapsone, and clofazimine for 6-12 months depending on classification.
- Without treatment, le
Leprosy and its immunology
Dr. Evith Pereira presented information on leprosy, including:
1. Leprosy cases have declined worldwide from over 5 million in 1985 to under 1 million in 1998 and around 200,000 in 2009, with 80% of cases found in 5 countries including India.
2. Over the past 20 years, more than 14 million leprosy patients have been cured, around 4 million since 2000. Prevalence rates have dropped 90% globally.
3. Leprosy is caused by Mycobacterium leprae bacteria and develops slowly over months to decades, resulting in skin lesions and nerve damage that can cause deformities. It is transmitted via droplets from the nose.
Leprosy by tanta university student
Leprosy, also known as Hansen's disease, is a chronic infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium leprae. It primarily affects the skin and peripheral nerves. Leprosy remains a public health problem in many tropical and subtropical countries. It is classified based on clinical, bacteriological, immunological and histopathological features. Complications can include reactions, peripheral nerve damage leading to numbness and deformities, and eye and bone complications. Treatment involves multidrug therapy to cure the disease and prevent further disability.
leprosyanditsimmunology-170508165848.pdf
Dr. Evith Pereira presented information on leprosy (Hansen's disease). Some key points:
- Leprosy is caused by Mycobacterium leprae and affects the skin and nerves. It is curable with multidrug therapy (MDT) but can cause disabilities if untreated.
- Global prevalence has declined over 90% due to MDT. However, it remains endemic in India, Brazil, and certain African and Asian countries.
- Clinical features include skin lesions and loss of sensation. Classification depends on bacterial load and immune response. Reactional states can damage nerves.
- Diagnosis involves clinical exam, slit skin smears, skin biopsies. M
Sayantan Leprosy.pptx
Leprosy is caused by Mycobacterium leprae and primarily affects the skin and nerves. It exists on a spectrum from tuberculoid to lepromatous leprosy. Transmission occurs through droplets or nasal secretions, though most new cases have no known contact. Treatment involves multidrug therapy over 2 years for multibacillary or 6 months for paucibacillary cases. Reactions like reversal and erythema nodosum leprosum are immune-mediated flare-ups that may occur during or after treatment. Prevention focuses on early diagnosis and evaluation of contacts to reduce disability and transmission.
Leprosy
This document provides information on leprosy (Hansen's disease), including:
- It is caused by Mycobacterium leprae and mainly involves the skin and peripheral nerves.
- It has a worldwide distribution but is more common in developing countries. Global prevalence has dropped 90% since 1985.
- India has achieved the goal of leprosy elimination at the national level with a prevalence rate of less than 1 per 10,000 people.
- Classification systems include Ridley-Jopling (based on immunology) and WHO (for chemotherapy, divides into paucibacillary and multibacillary). Clinical features vary depending on classification from single well-defined lesions to numerous, diffuse infiltr
leprosy, pharmacologynotes, types,clinicalfeatures
Leprosy is a chronic infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium leprae that mainly affects the skin and peripheral nerves. It develops slowly and can have an incubation period of 2-20 years. Clinical features vary depending on immune response, from single hypopigmented lesions with distinct sensory impairment in tuberculoid leprosy to numerous symmetrical lesions with less severe sensory disturbance in lepromatous leprosy. Classification systems are based on histology and bacillary load. Treatment involves multidrug therapy to prevent disability and transmission.
Hansen disease by sandra gboneme
HANSEN DISEASE/LEPROSY by GBONEME SANDRA
Final Year Medical Student, College of Medicine, University of Lagos.
Cutaneous Leprosy
Cutaneous leprosy, also known as Hansen's disease, is a chronic infection caused by the bacterium Mycobacterium leprae. It primarily affects the skin and peripheral nerves. Animals like armadillos and chimpanzees can also be infected. The disease progresses slowly and symptoms may not appear for years. Initial lesions often appear as pale patches on the skin in cooler areas of the body. A definitive diagnosis is made based on skin lesions, nerve thickening, and loss of sensation. Leprosy is classified based on clinical features and response to treatment involves multidrug therapy administered for 6-12 months depending on a patient's classification.
My Lecture On leprosy
Cutaneous leprosy, also known as Hansen's disease, is a chronic infection caused by the bacterium Mycobacterium leprae. It primarily affects the skin and peripheral nerves. Animals like armadillos and chimpanzees can also be infected. The disease progresses slowly and symptoms may not appear for years. Initial lesions often appear as pale patches on the skin in cooler areas of the body. A definitive diagnosis is made based on skin lesions, nerve thickening, and loss of sensation. Leprosy is classified based on clinical features and response to treatment involves multidrug therapy administered for 6-12 months depending on a patient's classification.
Leprosy
This document provides an overview of leprosy (Hansen's disease):
- It is caused by Mycobacterium leprae and mainly involves the peripheral nerves and skin. It can also involve other organs like the mouth, eyes, bones, and testes.
- Leprosy exists in several forms along a spectrum from tuberculoid leprosy to lepromatous leprosy. It is transmitted through droplets from the nose and mouth during close and frequent contact with untreated cases.
- Diagnosis involves clinical symptoms, skin smears, skin biopsies, and nerve biopsies to look for acid-fast bacilli and determine bacterial load and immune response patterns. There is
Diagnosis of Leprosy
This document provides information on the diagnosis of leprosy. It begins by describing leprosy as a chronic infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium leprae. Key points include that M. leprae was discovered in 1873 and has an affinity for Schwann cells in nerves and macrophages in the skin. Transmission occurs through inhalation of droplets or skin-to-skin contact. Diagnosis involves clinical examination looking for hypo-pigmented skin lesions with sensory deficits or nerve involvement, as well as visualization of acid-fast bacilli in slit skin smears or histopathology. Classification systems include paucibacillary and multibacillary forms based on bacterial load.
Leprosy.pptx
Leprosy, also known as Hansen's disease, is caused by the bacteria Mycobacterium leprae. It primarily affects the nerves, skin, and mucous membranes of the body. Leprosy is curable with multidrug therapy. While leprosy is moderately contagious, about 95% of people have natural immunity. Left untreated, leprosy can cause permanent damage to the skin, nerves, limbs, and eyes. Clinical signs include pale skin lesions with loss of sensation. Diagnosis involves skin smears and biopsy to detect bacteria. Treatment depends on the classification of leprosy into paucibacillary or multibacillary forms.
Leprosy 2
This document contains an MCQ discussion on leprosy. It begins with 13 multiple choice questions about leprosy, including topics like who discovered the causative bacteria, the generation time of Mycobacterium leprae, clinical presentations of leprosy, types of leprosy, treatment, and more. The document then provides explanations and key facts about leprosy, including that it is caused by Mycobacterium leprae, clinical features, types according to skin smear and clinical classification, signs and symptoms, pathogenesis, diagnosis including skin smear microscopy, and treatment with multidrug therapy.
Ntm m leprae leprosy
This document provides an overview of Non-Tuberculous Mycobacteria (NTM) and Mycobacterium leprae, the bacterium that causes leprosy. It discusses the characteristics, pathogenicity, epidemiology, clinical presentation, diagnosis, treatment and prevention of NTM and leprosy. Key points include that NTM can cause disease in immunocompromised individuals, M. leprae causes the chronic disease leprosy which primarily affects the skin and peripheral nerves, and treatment involves multidrug therapy to cure the infection and prevent disability.
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leprosy, pharmacologynotes, types,clinicalfeatures
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Mycobacterium leprae
- 1. Microbiology:Chapter 14 WINTER Template Mycobacterium leprae
- 2. 01 Acid-fast rod Impossible to grow on artificial media • (Grown in the foot pads of mice, armadillos, and monkeys) Nonmotile Facultative intracellular growth
- 3. Metabolism 02 Catalase-positive Grows best at low temperature Phenolase-positive
- 4. 03 Mycobacterium leprae causes leprosy, also called Hansen's Disease.
- 5. 04 - Infection occurs when a person is exposed to the respiratory secretions or skin lesions of an infected individual. - Cell-mediated immunity (cellular immunity) limits the spread of the bacteria. However, it causes inflammation and granulomas.
- 6. 05 WINTER Leprosy damages Template the skin (sparing warm areas such as the armpit, groin, and perineum), the superficial nerves, eyes, nose, and testes
- 7. 5 Subdivisions based on the level of cellular immunity 06 • Lepromatous leprosy (LL) Tuberculoid leprosy (TL) Borderline lepromatous (BL) Borderline (BB) Borderline tuberculoid (BT)
- 8. Lepromatous leprosy (LL) Severest form of leprosy - Patients with LL cannot mount a delayed hypersensitivity reaction. - Very low cellular immunity Involves skin, nerves, eyes, and testes Acid-fast bacilli are found everywhere LL will lead to death if untreated
- 9. Tuberculoid leprosy (TL) Milder and self-limiting disease - Patients with TL can mount a cell- mediated defense - Delayed hypersensitivity reaction is intact. - Patients demonstrate localized superficial, unilateral skin and nerve involvement; non-infectious and spontaneously recover. Bacilli are difficult to find in lesions or blood
- 10. BL, BB, and BT 09 Borderline lepromatous (BL). Borderline (BB), and Borderline Tuberculoid (BT) Represent a continuum between LL and TL ** The skin lesions of BL will be more numerous and have a greater diversity of shape than those of BT
- 11. Spcectrum of Leprosy WINTER Tuberculoid Template Borderline Lepromatous Number of skin lesions Single Several Many Hair growth on skin lesions Absent Slightly decreased Not affected sation in lesions of the extremities lost Completely Moderately lost Not affected Acid-fast bacilli in skin None Several Innumerable scraping Lepromin skin Strongly positive No reaction No reaction test