Muscle Stimulator.pptx
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This document discusses muscle stimulators and neuromuscular electrical stimulation (NMES). NMES sends electrical impulses to nerves to cause muscle contractions, mimicking signals from the central nervous system. It can be used to strengthen and maintain muscle or prevent atrophy, especially for immobilized patients. Motor points are the most electrically excitable areas of muscles, located where motor nerves enter muscles. Benefits of electrical muscle stimulation include decreasing pain, promoting tissue healing, and increasing muscle strength and activity. It can be used to improve strength and range of motion or reduce spasms. Contraindications include using it over carotid sinuses or for patients with pacemakers, infections, inability to communicate, pregnancy, or peripheral vascular
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4) Diadynamic currents, which are variations of sinusoidal currents involving single or double-phase rectification of alternating current produced
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This document provides an overview of neuromuscular electrical stimulation (NMES). It discusses how NMES works by sending electrical impulses to nerves that cause muscle contraction. NMES can increase strength, range of motion, and offset disuse effects. The document outlines different electrical waveforms, stimulus parameters, and applications of NMES for conditions like stroke, spinal cord injury, and more. Precautions and contraindications are also reviewed.
Proprioceptive Neuromuscular Facilitation
This is a type of Neurophysiotheraputic Approach used to treat the Patients suffering from Movement Disorders.
NMES (Electrotherapy).pptx
This document summarizes neuromuscular electrical stimulation (NMES). NMES involves sending electrical impulses to nerves via electrodes placed on the skin to cause muscle contraction. It is used to improve muscle strength and range of motion, reduce spasticity and spasms, and increase cardiovascular function. Proper electrode placement and stimulation parameters are described. Contraindications include pacemakers, infected skin, and pregnancy. NMES sessions should be 20-30 minutes, 3 times per week for strengthening effects.
Muscle stimulator for physical therapy โ use and the benefits
Muscle stimulators are devices that use electrical currents to stimulate muscle contractions and aid in physical therapy. They work by delivering electrical pulses through electrodes placed on the skin near muscles, causing the muscles to contract and relax in a way that imitates natural movement. This passive exercise promotes muscle repair, prevents atrophy, increases blood flow, and strengthens tissues to support healing from injuries. The stimulation can help speed rehabilitation and make the process less painful than alternative therapies. While effective, muscle stimulators require proper usage and have some contraindications to ensure safety.
APU6.5 Types of Contractions
Muscles contract through stimulation of muscle fibers. Repeated stimulation causes summation and incomplete tetanus, gradually building tension. Complete tetanus occurs with maximum stimulation, producing sustained contraction without relaxation. There are two types of contractions - isotonic where tension changes and the muscle length changes, allowing movement; and isometric where tension is generated but the muscle does not change length or produce movement.
Exercise physiology 2011
The document discusses muscle structure and function, including:
1. Muscles are composed of bundles of fibers containing myofibrils with thick and thin filaments that slide past each other during contraction.
2. Nerve impulses trigger the release of calcium in the sarcoplasmic reticulum, allowing cross bridges to form between actin and myosin filaments, causing muscle contraction.
3. Motor units consist of motor neurons and the muscle fibers they innervate, ranging in size based on movement precision needs.
Proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation
PNF is an exercise technique based on neurophysiological principles that uses resistance, manual contact, and stretching to facilitate muscle contraction and improve mobility through techniques like contract-relax, slow reversal, and rhythmic stabilization. It is commonly used in orthopedic and neurological rehabilitation to increase strength, flexibility, coordination and functional mobility through specific patterns targeting different areas of the body like the upper and lower extremities. Research has found PNF techniques are effective in rehabilitation of injuries to the knee, shoulder, and hip and its use has increased in ankle rehabilitation as well.
Met lecture 1
The document discusses fundamentals of exercise therapy, specifically muscle energy techniques (MET). MET uses isometric or isotonic contractions to lengthen tight muscles, strengthen weak muscles, mobilize joints, and relieve tissue congestion. MET incorporates precisely directed, patient-initiated muscle contractions designed to improve function and reduce pain. The techniques work based on principles of post-isometric relaxation and reciprocal inhibition to treat musculoskeletal dysfunction in a gentle but effective manner.
1587124408-biomechanics-of-skeletal-muscles.pdf
1. Skeletal muscles are attached to bones via tendons and produce movement. They are composed of bundles of muscle fibers that contain contractile filaments of actin and myosin.
2. Contraction occurs via the sliding filament model where the heads of myosin cross-bridges attach to actin and generate a power stroke, pulling the filaments closer together and shortening the sarcomere.
3. Repeated stimulation above a threshold frequency results in tetanic contraction where the tension generated is sustained due to summation of individual twitches. The size principle dictates that smaller motor units are recruited before larger ones.
Neuromuscular adaptation to exercise โapplication to practise
This document discusses neuromuscular adaptations to exercise. It explains that neural adaptations occur within the nervous system at the motor cortex, spinal cord, and neuromuscular junction in response to training. Neuromuscular adaptations include increases in muscle size, strength, mitochondria, and glycogen storage. The type and intensity of exercise determines the specific adaptations, with strength training increasing fiber size and endurance training increasing aerobic capacity. Neural adaptations differ by changing central drive and motor unit properties within the nervous system. Overtraining can cause extreme fatigue, illness or injury from insufficient rest between training sessions.
Strength and the muscular system
This document discusses the muscular system and strength training. It explains that muscles work with connective tissues like tendons, and describes the series elastic component (SEC) and parallel elastic component (PEC) of the muscle model. The document also discusses the different types of muscle contractions (isometric, concentric, eccentric), muscle actions like agonist and antagonist muscles, and the importance of the nervous system in strength and muscle development. Functional strength training aims to improve abilities like speed and endurance, while structural training focuses more on muscle hypertrophy.
Proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation
The document defines proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation (PNF) as an exercise approach based on functional anatomy and neurophysiology. It was developed in the 1940s to mobilize patients' reserves and help them achieve their highest function. PNF uses techniques like resistance, stretch, traction and timing of contractions/relaxations to facilitate muscle strength, endurance and range of motion. Common PNF techniques include rhythmic initiation, repeated contraction, slow reversal and contract-relax stretching. PNF patterns target specific muscle groups through combinations of flexion/extension, abduction/adduction and rotation.
The Biomechanics of Human Skeletal Muscle-B.pptx
The biomechanics of human skeletal muscle delves into the intricate mechanisms that governs the movement and function of bodyโs primary contractile tissues. It combines principles from biomechanics, physiology, and anatomy to elucidate how muscles generate force, control movement and adapt to various physiological demands. One fundamental aspect of skeletal muscle biomechanics is the structure-function relationship within muscle fibres each containing myofibrils comprised of overlapping actin and myosin filaments.The biomechanics of human skeletal muscle is a multifaceted field that underpins our understanding of movement, performance, and injury prevention. By elucidating the intricate interplay between structure, function and control mechanisms within muscles, researchers can enhance athletic performance, rehabilitate injuries and optimize human movements across various contexts.
Nmes
This document discusses neuromuscular electrical stimulation (NMES). It states that NMES uses electrical currents to modify neuromuscular activity and can be used to improve muscle strength, increase range of motion, reduce edema, decrease atrophy, heal tissue, and decrease pain. The document discusses optimal stimulation parameters, noting that higher frequencies between 30-100 Hz are typically used for NMES, and that ramp up/down times of 1-3 seconds and pulse widths of 300-600 microseconds are common. It also notes the importance of amplitude/intensity and that lower intensities can induce more central nervous system input than higher intensities.
Resistance lect... 1
The document discusses resistance exercises and their benefits. It defines key elements of muscle performance - strength, power, and endurance. Strength is the maximum force a muscle can generate. Power is the rate of doing work, related to strength and speed. Endurance is the ability to perform low-intensity, repetitive activities over a prolonged period. Resistance exercises like strength and power training can enhance muscle performance, reduce injury risk, and have other health benefits. They are an important part of rehabilitation and conditioning programs.
MA Report Ergometry.pptx
This document discusses different types of muscle contraction and muscle tissue. It describes ergometry as the study of physical work activity using machines like bicycles or treadmills. There are different types of voluntary muscle contraction including isometric, concentric, and eccentric contractions. The three main types of muscle tissue are skeletal, cardiac, and smooth muscle. Force summation allows for increased muscle contraction intensity through multiple fiber or frequency summation.
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Muscle Stimulator.pptx
- 2. Definition โข Neuromuscular and Muscular Electrical Stimulation (NMES) is a modality that sends electrical impulses to nerves which causes the muscles to contract mimicking the action potential coming from the central nervous system. It may be applied during functional movement or without functional movement. It has been used throughout the years for strengthening and maintaining muscle strength and preventing atrophy, especially with immobilized patients.
- 3. MOTOR POINTS โข Motor point is the most electrically excitable area of the muscle, where a minimum amount of electrical stimulation will easily excite that portion of the muscle. It is usually located at the centre of the muscle mass, where the motor nerve enters the muscle.motor point is the most electrically excitable area of the muscle, where a minimum amount of electrical stimulation will easily excite that portion of the muscle. It is usually located at the centre of the muscle mass, where the motor nerve enters the muscle.
- 4. Benefits of EMS โข Benefits of EMS include: โข Decreasing pain โข Promote tissue healing โข Increase muscle strength โข Maintaining and regaining muscle activity
- 5. Indications โข To improve muscle strength and prevent muscle atrophy. โข To improve and maintain the range of motion around a joint. โข To reduce muscle spasticity and spasms. โข To increase cardiovascular function through the activity of large muscle groups.
- 6. Contraindications โข when placed over the carotid sinus โข when the patient has a pacemaker โข when we have areas of active tissue infection and devitalized skin โข when the patient is unable to comprehend instructions and provide feedback โข when the patient is pregnant โข when the patient has a peripheral vascular disease