Diadynamic current
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Diadynamic currents are also called Bernard's currents based on a sine wave with a frequency of 50Hz. Due to the ease of generation of this current shape, they have been known almost from the beginning of electrotherapy, and their influence on the human body has been thoroughly studied.
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Diadynamic currents
Diadynamic currents are a variation of sinusoidal currents that are produced by rectifying alternating current into monophasic pulses. There are two main types - half wave rectification produces pulses with a duration equal to the interpulse interval at the original frequency, while full wave rectification produces continuous pulses at twice the original frequency. The pulses from diadynamic currents have a duration of 10ms, causing sensations from vibration to pain depending on intensity. Different current types like MF, DF, CP and LP are used for pain relief, muscle stimulation, and preventing accommodation effects. Precautions must be taken due to the electrochemical changes and potential skin damage from the currents.
high voltage pulsating current
This document discusses high volt pulsed galvanic stimulation (HVPGS), a type of neuromuscular electrical stimulation. It delivers a monophasic twin peak waveform with a high voltage up to 500 volts and short pulse duration to stimulate nerves and tissues. HVPGS can be used to promote wound healing, reduce edema, manage pain, and stimulate muscle. It provides physiological effects like increasing range of motion and blood flow. Treatment duration is typically 15-30 minutes per session and can be repeated daily.
Introduction to Diadynamic currents
Diadynamic currents are a variation of sinusoidal currents that were developed in the 1960s. They involve half or full wave rectified alternating currents with pulse durations of 10 milliseconds. There are different types of diadynamic currents based on whether they use half wave or full wave rectification and the patterns of current application. They can help relieve pain through various mechanisms and are used to treat conditions like soft tissue injuries, neuralgias, and circulatory disorders. Proper dosing and electrode placement are important to obtain benefits while avoiding risks like skin damage.
Russian current
Electrical stimulation involves using a medium-frequency current to stimulate nerves and muscles. Specifically, it uses a 2500 Hz sinusoidal alternating current delivered in bursts at 50 Hz intervals of 10 ms on and 10 ms off. This Russian current protocol of 10 seconds on, 50 seconds rest, repeated for 10 cycles over 10 minutes was found to be effective for generating muscle fatigue. The stimulation aims to synchronously depolarize sensory and motor fibers, activate fast motor units, and strengthen muscles through electrically evoked contractions against an external load.
High voltage pulsed galvanic stimulation
This document discusses high volt pulsed galvanic stimulation (HVPGS), a type of neuromuscular stimulator that uses high voltage, low amperage, short pulses to penetrate deep tissues. HVPGS can produce muscle contractions and chemical changes, and is used for analgesia, wound healing, and other clinical applications. It allows for deep penetration without risk of tissue damage. Physiological effects include increased range of motion, edema reduction, and accelerated wound healing. Common indications are adhesive capsulitis, bursitis, cervical sprain, and post-operative conditions. Treatment involves 30-40 minute sessions 3 times per day.
Faradic current
Definition, surging, physiological & therapeutic effects,indications & contraindications, techniques of application
Interrupted Direct Current
Interrupted direct current (IDC) involves delivering unidirectional current pulses separated by intervals of no current. The pulses can have different durations, frequencies, rise/fall times, and waveforms (rectangular, trapezoidal, triangular, sawtooth). IDC is used therapeutically for sensory stimulation, pain relief, accelerating healing, and muscle stimulation. It works on nerves and muscles depending on pulse duration and intensity. Techniques like labile and group stimulation are used to target all muscle fibers. IDC has physiological effects like hyperaemia and contraindications like metal implants or risk of injury.
Rebox current
Rebox electrotherapeutic method is based on non-invasive transcutaneous application of specific electric currents to a living tissue. Main indications for using the Rebox include treatment of acute and chronic pain, immobility, musculoskeletal and neurological disorders and oedema.
Recommended
Diadynamic currents
Diadynamic currents are a variation of sinusoidal currents that are produced by rectifying alternating current into monophasic pulses. There are two main types - half wave rectification produces pulses with a duration equal to the interpulse interval at the original frequency, while full wave rectification produces continuous pulses at twice the original frequency. The pulses from diadynamic currents have a duration of 10ms, causing sensations from vibration to pain depending on intensity. Different current types like MF, DF, CP and LP are used for pain relief, muscle stimulation, and preventing accommodation effects. Precautions must be taken due to the electrochemical changes and potential skin damage from the currents.
high voltage pulsating current
This document discusses high volt pulsed galvanic stimulation (HVPGS), a type of neuromuscular electrical stimulation. It delivers a monophasic twin peak waveform with a high voltage up to 500 volts and short pulse duration to stimulate nerves and tissues. HVPGS can be used to promote wound healing, reduce edema, manage pain, and stimulate muscle. It provides physiological effects like increasing range of motion and blood flow. Treatment duration is typically 15-30 minutes per session and can be repeated daily.
Introduction to Diadynamic currents
Diadynamic currents are a variation of sinusoidal currents that were developed in the 1960s. They involve half or full wave rectified alternating currents with pulse durations of 10 milliseconds. There are different types of diadynamic currents based on whether they use half wave or full wave rectification and the patterns of current application. They can help relieve pain through various mechanisms and are used to treat conditions like soft tissue injuries, neuralgias, and circulatory disorders. Proper dosing and electrode placement are important to obtain benefits while avoiding risks like skin damage.
Russian current
Electrical stimulation involves using a medium-frequency current to stimulate nerves and muscles. Specifically, it uses a 2500 Hz sinusoidal alternating current delivered in bursts at 50 Hz intervals of 10 ms on and 10 ms off. This Russian current protocol of 10 seconds on, 50 seconds rest, repeated for 10 cycles over 10 minutes was found to be effective for generating muscle fatigue. The stimulation aims to synchronously depolarize sensory and motor fibers, activate fast motor units, and strengthen muscles through electrically evoked contractions against an external load.
High voltage pulsed galvanic stimulation
This document discusses high volt pulsed galvanic stimulation (HVPGS), a type of neuromuscular stimulator that uses high voltage, low amperage, short pulses to penetrate deep tissues. HVPGS can produce muscle contractions and chemical changes, and is used for analgesia, wound healing, and other clinical applications. It allows for deep penetration without risk of tissue damage. Physiological effects include increased range of motion, edema reduction, and accelerated wound healing. Common indications are adhesive capsulitis, bursitis, cervical sprain, and post-operative conditions. Treatment involves 30-40 minute sessions 3 times per day.
Faradic current
Definition, surging, physiological & therapeutic effects,indications & contraindications, techniques of application
Interrupted Direct Current
Interrupted direct current (IDC) involves delivering unidirectional current pulses separated by intervals of no current. The pulses can have different durations, frequencies, rise/fall times, and waveforms (rectangular, trapezoidal, triangular, sawtooth). IDC is used therapeutically for sensory stimulation, pain relief, accelerating healing, and muscle stimulation. It works on nerves and muscles depending on pulse duration and intensity. Techniques like labile and group stimulation are used to target all muscle fibers. IDC has physiological effects like hyperaemia and contraindications like metal implants or risk of injury.
Rebox current
Rebox electrotherapeutic method is based on non-invasive transcutaneous application of specific electric currents to a living tissue. Main indications for using the Rebox include treatment of acute and chronic pain, immobility, musculoskeletal and neurological disorders and oedema.
Galvanic-Current.pptx
Galvanic current is a low frequency, interrupted direct current with pulse durations over 1ms up to 300ms and frequencies under 50Hz. It was discovered in the 1780s by Luigi Galvani and can cause contraction of denervated muscles through sluggish contractions, stimulation of sensory nerves resulting in pain sensations, and stimulation of motor nerves at high intensities. Therapeutically, galvanic current is used to retard muscle atrophy and substitute for normal muscle contraction in denervated muscles by slowing structural and functional changes like loss of activity and fibrosis through electrical stimulation. It can also be used facially to reduce dullness, fine lines, wrinkles, and improve elasticity and oxygen supply.
Constant galvanic current
1) Galvanic current is a steady direct current that can have pulse durations between 1-300 ms, though 100 ms is most common, and requires 30 pulses per minute.
2) There are two types - constant galvanic current which moves in one direction at a constant strength, and modified galvanic current which is interrupted direct current.
3) Galvanic current can cause muscle contraction, stimulate sensory and motor nerves, and increase blood flow and skin redness. It is also used in cosmetics for skin cleansing and nourishing through iontophoresis.
Sinusoidal current 2
Sinusoidal current is an alternating current that produces smooth, rhythmic muscle contractions at 50 Hz. It is produced from mains electricity reduced to 60-80 volts using a step-down transformer. This current stimulates both motor and sensory nerves, causing tetanic muscle contraction and tingling sensation. It is often used over large areas to relieve pain through sensory stimulation and reduce edema through rhythmic muscle pumping. Sinusoidal current is similar to faradic current but provides deeper penetration and is less irritating, making it well-suited for nervous clients.
Galvanic current
This document discusses galvanic current and its use in stimulating denervated muscles. It defines galvanic current as a direct, unidirectional current that can cause pain due to its unidirectional nature. Interrupted galvanic current is introduced to overcome this by providing regular pauses in stimulation. Stimulating denervated muscles with galvanic current can help limit atrophy and edema until reinnervation occurs. Precautions must be taken when applying galvanic current due to potential dangers like burns or electric shock.
Low Frequency Therapeutic Currents
The document provides information on different types of low frequency therapeutic currents, including:
1) Faradic current, which is a short-duration interrupted current ranging from 0.1-1 msec at 50-100 Hz, used to produce near normal muscle contraction and relaxation.
2) Galvanic current, which is a direct current that flows continuously in one direction, and an interrupted form used for denervated muscle stimulation.
3) Sinusoidal currents, which are evenly alternating 50 Hz waves similar to mains current, providing 100 pulses per second.
4) Diadynamic currents, which are variations of sinusoidal currents involving single or double-phase rectification of alternating current produced
Faradic Foot Bath, Faradism Under Pressure, Faradism Under Tension, Stimulati...
Low frequency stimulation, Faradic Foot Bath, Faradism Under Pressure, Faradism Under Tension, Stimulation to Pelvic Floor Muscles, Physiotherapy
High voltage pulsed galvanic
The high voltage pulsed galvanic stimulator (HVPGS) delivers a high voltage, low amperage, short duration electrical current as a twin-peak monophasic waveform up to 300 volts to produce both mechanical muscle contractions and chemical changes in the body. It has been used clinically for over 45 years to treat various musculoskeletal conditions through analgesia, muscle stimulation, and wound healing. The high voltage allows for deep tissue penetration without risk of tissue damage due to its low total current. Typical treatments last 30-40 minutes, 3 times per day.
Fluidotherapy
This document summarizes fluidotherapy, a dry heating modality. It transfers heat to the body through convection using a cabinet containing heated air and finely ground cellulose particles. This creates a fluid-like medium allowing limbs to float and exercises to be performed. Key effects include increased blood flow, pain relief and improved range of motion. It is used to treat distal extremities for conditions like pain, swelling and post-operative rehabilitation. Contraindications include fever, anesthesia or severe circulatory issues. Advantages include ease of use and allowing some active exercise in a comfortable, dry environment.
Interferential therapy
IFT which stands for Interferential Therapy is one of the types of electrotherapy used for the management of pain. The principle of interferential therapy is to cause two medium frequency currents of slightly different frequencies to interfere with one another. For example, if circuit A carries a current with the frequency of 4000Hz and Circuit B carry a current with a frequency of 3980 Hz, then the low frequency produced will be 20 Hz and this frequency is very useful in pain modulation. A new low-frequency current known as the beat frequency is equal to the difference in frequencies between the two medium frequency currents produced in the tissues at the point where the two currents cross.
It is basically used for the treatment of Chronic, Post Traumatic, and Post-surgical pains. The basic principle involves the utilization of effects of low frequencies (<250pps) without painful or unpleasant side effects. The major advantage of IFT is that it produces effects in the tissue, exactly where required without unnecessary and uncomfortable skin stimulation. This technique is widely used to elicit muscle contraction, promote healing and reduce edema.
Vector effect: The interference field is rotated to an angle of 450 in each direction, the field thus covers a wider area. This is useful in diffuse pathology or if the site of the lesion cannot be accurately localized.
Frequency swing: Some equipment allows a variation in the speed of the frequency swing. A rhythmic mode may be a continuous swing from 0 to 100 Hz in 5-10s and back in similar time or it may hold for 1-6s at one frequency followed by 1-6s at another frequency with a variable time to swing between the two.
Constant frequency: Some treatments may be carried out with the interference fixed at a certain frequency. Rhythmic frequency is useful if several types of tissues are to be treated at once. A variation in the frequency also overcomes the problem of tissue accommodation where the response of a particular tissue decreases with time.
WORKING PRINCIPLE: Interferential current therapy works by sending small amounts of electrical stimulation to damaged tissues in the body. The therapy is meant to boost the body's natural process of responding to pain, by increasing circulation thus produces hormones that promote healing. IFT delivers intermittent pulses to stimulate surface nerves and block the pain signal, by delivering continuous deep stimulation into the affected tissue. IFT relieves pain, increases circulation, decreases edema, and stimulates the muscles. A frequency of 100Hz may stimulate the large diameter A-beta fibers, which have an effect on the pain gate, and inhibit the transmission of small-diameter nociceptive traffic ( C and A-delta fiber), which effectively closes the gait to painful impulses. Interferential current Increases the circulation of blood thus reduces swelling.
Sinusoidal current
Sinusoidal current produces a sine wave alternating current of 50 Hz, giving 100 pulses per second with durations of 10ms each, alternating direction 50 times in each direction. It is produced from mains power by reducing the voltage to 60-80v using a step down transformer. When passed through the body, sinusoidal current causes changes in ion concentrations at cell membranes, producing muscle contraction in nerves and ionic movement in other tissues. It is commonly used to cause rhythmic muscle contractions and relieve pain and reduce swelling by alternately changing cell membrane permeability. Indications include pain and pain/swelling, while contraindications include skin lesions, infections, and impaired sensation.
Superimposed current
The document discusses superimposed current (HVPC), a type of neuromuscular stimulation involving a short, microamperage current delivered by a high voltage (up to 300V) in a twin-peak monophasic waveform. It is used clinically to produce muscle contractions and chemical changes. Typical uses include analgesia, muscle contractions, and wound healing. The document lists group members and machines that can deliver HVPC, and discusses its physiological effects such as increasing range of motion and blood flow. It also summarizes studies on using HVPC for wound healing, pain management, muscle strengthening, and edema management.
Faradic current
This document provides information about faradic current, including its nature, therapeutic and physiological effects, techniques of application, indications, contraindications, and clinical applications. It describes faradic current as an asymmetrical alternating current with a pulse duration of 0.1-1 ms and frequency of 30-100 Hz. The document discusses the effects of faradic current such as stimulation of sensory and motor nerves and reduction of swelling and pain. It outlines various methods and techniques of faradic current application for diagnostic and therapeutic purposes, as well as precautions and potential dangers of its use.
Iontophoresis
Dr. Shweta Panchbudhe provides a lesson on iontophoresis. The key points are:
1. Iontophoresis is the transfer of ions through the skin using direct current. Positively charged ions migrate to the negative electrode and vice versa.
2. Different ions can be used to treat various conditions like salicylate for pain, chlorine for softening scars, and acetic acid for calcium deposits.
3. Proper application involves cleaning the skin, placing moistened electrodes on the treatment area and indifferent site, and applying a mild current for 15 minutes.
FARADIC CURRENT.pptx
A faradic current is a short duration interrupted direct current with a pulse duration of 0.1-1 ms and frequency of 50-100 Hz. It produces a biphasic, asymmetrical and spiked waveform. Faradic currents are used to produce near normal tetanic-like muscle contractions and relaxations. When applied to nerves and muscles, it causes sensory stimulation, muscle contraction, reduced swelling and pain, and increased metabolism. Faradic current is indicated for muscle reeducation, maintaining range of motion, loosening adhesions, and replacing orthosis. It involves placing electrodes on muscles or nerve trunks and gradually increasing and decreasing intensity to cause contraction and relaxation.
Interrupted direct current
This document discusses interrupted direct current (IDC), which describes continuous unidirectional current that is interrupted to create pulses of varying duration, shape, or frequency. There are two main types of IDC pulses: rectangular wave pulses and accommodation pulses. Rectangular pulses have sudden rises and falls, while accommodation pulses gradually rise and fall in shapes like triangular, trapezoid, or sawtooth. IDC can stimulate nerves and muscles. Short pulses preferentially stimulate nerves, while longer pulses are needed to stimulate muscles at tolerable intensities. The document discusses electrotonus effects from IDC and considerations for selecting appropriate pulse durations and intensities. It concludes with indications for using electrical stimulation to produce muscle contraction without excessive fatigue.
MWD
Microwave diathermy (MWD) uses electromagnetic radiation in the microwave frequency range to generate heat in tissue. MWD uses a magnetron to produce microwaves with frequencies commonly between 300 MHz to 300 GHz. These short wavelength microwaves generate strong electrical fields that cause heating through ionic movements and molecular distortion within tissues. MWD provides superficial heating that is more localized than shortwave diathermy and penetrates deeper than infrared radiation. Key uses of MWD include reducing pain, swelling and muscle spasm in inflammatory conditions like tendinitis as well as accelerating healing for injuries and infections.
Passive movements
Passive movement involves moving a body part without active muscle contraction. There are several types: relaxed passive movements where a therapist smoothly moves a joint within its pain-free range; accessory movements which are small rotational or gliding motions in a joint; and passive manual techniques like joint mobilizations and manipulations. Controlled stretching can also be applied to tight muscles and tissues. Passive movements help maintain range of motion, prevent adhesions, reduce swelling, and stretch contracted structures. They are important for patients who cannot actively move due to injury or condition.
Resistance exercises
The document defines and describes various aspects of resistance exercises. It discusses types of muscle contractions like isotonic, isometric and eccentric. It explains principles of resistance training like overload and specificity. It describes adaptations to resistance training including neural, muscular and bone changes. Determinants of resistance training programs are outlined including intensity, time, volume and periodization. Guidelines for progressive resistance exercises and precautions are provided.
Pulsed shortwave
This document discusses pulsed shortwave therapy (PSWT), which delivers pulsed electromagnetic energy in short pulses with time gaps between. PSWT uses a similar 27.12MHz frequency as traditional shortwave diathermy but with lower mean power of 2-5W. It results in non-thermal tissue heating through effects on cell membranes and ion transport. PSWT is shown to increase healing factors like white blood cells in wounds and reduce edema and inflammation. Treatment doses and contraindications are provided. PSWT is compared to traditional shortwave diathermy, with PSWT having non-thermal rather than thermal effects.
Interferential therapy
This document discusses interferential therapy (IFT), including its history, principles, instrumentation, applications, effects, and precautions. Some key points:
- IFT was developed in the 1950s and involves applying two medium frequency alternating currents slightly out of phase to produce a low frequency effect for therapeutic purposes.
- The interference of the currents produces an amplitude-modulated frequency that can stimulate tissues in a manner similar to low frequency electrotherapy.
- IFT is used for pain relief, muscle stimulation, increasing blood flow, and reducing edema through its physiological effects on tissues from 10-150 Hz.
- Proper electrode placement and current parameters are important to achieve the intended effects while avoiding contraindic
DIADYNAMIC CURRENT.pptx
Diadynamic current is a type of electrotherapy that uses a low current for analgesic and spasmolytic effects. It is a mixed current that combines galvanic and faradic/impulse currents to induce hyperaemia and analgesia. There are different types of diadynamic currents characterized by waveform that have inhibitory or facilitatory effects depending on frequency and intensity. Common applications include pain relief, increasing local circulation, and decreasing inflammation.
560581095-2-Diadynamic-Current (1).pptx
Diadynamic currents are a type of electrotherapy that uses a mixed current combining galvanic and faradic currents. This results in analgesic and spasmolytic effects by inducing hyperaemia. Diadynamic currents include half-wave and full-wave rectified currents that produce monophasic pulsed currents. They are used to treat pain, muscle spasms, and other conditions by stimulating nerves and improving circulation. Proper application and dosage is important to provide benefits while avoiding risks like skin damage.
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Galvanic-Current.pptx
Galvanic current is a low frequency, interrupted direct current with pulse durations over 1ms up to 300ms and frequencies under 50Hz. It was discovered in the 1780s by Luigi Galvani and can cause contraction of denervated muscles through sluggish contractions, stimulation of sensory nerves resulting in pain sensations, and stimulation of motor nerves at high intensities. Therapeutically, galvanic current is used to retard muscle atrophy and substitute for normal muscle contraction in denervated muscles by slowing structural and functional changes like loss of activity and fibrosis through electrical stimulation. It can also be used facially to reduce dullness, fine lines, wrinkles, and improve elasticity and oxygen supply.
Constant galvanic current
1) Galvanic current is a steady direct current that can have pulse durations between 1-300 ms, though 100 ms is most common, and requires 30 pulses per minute.
2) There are two types - constant galvanic current which moves in one direction at a constant strength, and modified galvanic current which is interrupted direct current.
3) Galvanic current can cause muscle contraction, stimulate sensory and motor nerves, and increase blood flow and skin redness. It is also used in cosmetics for skin cleansing and nourishing through iontophoresis.
Sinusoidal current 2
Sinusoidal current is an alternating current that produces smooth, rhythmic muscle contractions at 50 Hz. It is produced from mains electricity reduced to 60-80 volts using a step-down transformer. This current stimulates both motor and sensory nerves, causing tetanic muscle contraction and tingling sensation. It is often used over large areas to relieve pain through sensory stimulation and reduce edema through rhythmic muscle pumping. Sinusoidal current is similar to faradic current but provides deeper penetration and is less irritating, making it well-suited for nervous clients.
Galvanic current
This document discusses galvanic current and its use in stimulating denervated muscles. It defines galvanic current as a direct, unidirectional current that can cause pain due to its unidirectional nature. Interrupted galvanic current is introduced to overcome this by providing regular pauses in stimulation. Stimulating denervated muscles with galvanic current can help limit atrophy and edema until reinnervation occurs. Precautions must be taken when applying galvanic current due to potential dangers like burns or electric shock.
Low Frequency Therapeutic Currents
The document provides information on different types of low frequency therapeutic currents, including:
1) Faradic current, which is a short-duration interrupted current ranging from 0.1-1 msec at 50-100 Hz, used to produce near normal muscle contraction and relaxation.
2) Galvanic current, which is a direct current that flows continuously in one direction, and an interrupted form used for denervated muscle stimulation.
3) Sinusoidal currents, which are evenly alternating 50 Hz waves similar to mains current, providing 100 pulses per second.
4) Diadynamic currents, which are variations of sinusoidal currents involving single or double-phase rectification of alternating current produced
Faradic Foot Bath, Faradism Under Pressure, Faradism Under Tension, Stimulati...
Low frequency stimulation, Faradic Foot Bath, Faradism Under Pressure, Faradism Under Tension, Stimulation to Pelvic Floor Muscles, Physiotherapy
High voltage pulsed galvanic
The high voltage pulsed galvanic stimulator (HVPGS) delivers a high voltage, low amperage, short duration electrical current as a twin-peak monophasic waveform up to 300 volts to produce both mechanical muscle contractions and chemical changes in the body. It has been used clinically for over 45 years to treat various musculoskeletal conditions through analgesia, muscle stimulation, and wound healing. The high voltage allows for deep tissue penetration without risk of tissue damage due to its low total current. Typical treatments last 30-40 minutes, 3 times per day.
Fluidotherapy
This document summarizes fluidotherapy, a dry heating modality. It transfers heat to the body through convection using a cabinet containing heated air and finely ground cellulose particles. This creates a fluid-like medium allowing limbs to float and exercises to be performed. Key effects include increased blood flow, pain relief and improved range of motion. It is used to treat distal extremities for conditions like pain, swelling and post-operative rehabilitation. Contraindications include fever, anesthesia or severe circulatory issues. Advantages include ease of use and allowing some active exercise in a comfortable, dry environment.
Interferential therapy
IFT which stands for Interferential Therapy is one of the types of electrotherapy used for the management of pain. The principle of interferential therapy is to cause two medium frequency currents of slightly different frequencies to interfere with one another. For example, if circuit A carries a current with the frequency of 4000Hz and Circuit B carry a current with a frequency of 3980 Hz, then the low frequency produced will be 20 Hz and this frequency is very useful in pain modulation. A new low-frequency current known as the beat frequency is equal to the difference in frequencies between the two medium frequency currents produced in the tissues at the point where the two currents cross.
It is basically used for the treatment of Chronic, Post Traumatic, and Post-surgical pains. The basic principle involves the utilization of effects of low frequencies (<250pps) without painful or unpleasant side effects. The major advantage of IFT is that it produces effects in the tissue, exactly where required without unnecessary and uncomfortable skin stimulation. This technique is widely used to elicit muscle contraction, promote healing and reduce edema.
Vector effect: The interference field is rotated to an angle of 450 in each direction, the field thus covers a wider area. This is useful in diffuse pathology or if the site of the lesion cannot be accurately localized.
Frequency swing: Some equipment allows a variation in the speed of the frequency swing. A rhythmic mode may be a continuous swing from 0 to 100 Hz in 5-10s and back in similar time or it may hold for 1-6s at one frequency followed by 1-6s at another frequency with a variable time to swing between the two.
Constant frequency: Some treatments may be carried out with the interference fixed at a certain frequency. Rhythmic frequency is useful if several types of tissues are to be treated at once. A variation in the frequency also overcomes the problem of tissue accommodation where the response of a particular tissue decreases with time.
WORKING PRINCIPLE: Interferential current therapy works by sending small amounts of electrical stimulation to damaged tissues in the body. The therapy is meant to boost the body's natural process of responding to pain, by increasing circulation thus produces hormones that promote healing. IFT delivers intermittent pulses to stimulate surface nerves and block the pain signal, by delivering continuous deep stimulation into the affected tissue. IFT relieves pain, increases circulation, decreases edema, and stimulates the muscles. A frequency of 100Hz may stimulate the large diameter A-beta fibers, which have an effect on the pain gate, and inhibit the transmission of small-diameter nociceptive traffic ( C and A-delta fiber), which effectively closes the gait to painful impulses. Interferential current Increases the circulation of blood thus reduces swelling.
Sinusoidal current
Sinusoidal current produces a sine wave alternating current of 50 Hz, giving 100 pulses per second with durations of 10ms each, alternating direction 50 times in each direction. It is produced from mains power by reducing the voltage to 60-80v using a step down transformer. When passed through the body, sinusoidal current causes changes in ion concentrations at cell membranes, producing muscle contraction in nerves and ionic movement in other tissues. It is commonly used to cause rhythmic muscle contractions and relieve pain and reduce swelling by alternately changing cell membrane permeability. Indications include pain and pain/swelling, while contraindications include skin lesions, infections, and impaired sensation.
Superimposed current
The document discusses superimposed current (HVPC), a type of neuromuscular stimulation involving a short, microamperage current delivered by a high voltage (up to 300V) in a twin-peak monophasic waveform. It is used clinically to produce muscle contractions and chemical changes. Typical uses include analgesia, muscle contractions, and wound healing. The document lists group members and machines that can deliver HVPC, and discusses its physiological effects such as increasing range of motion and blood flow. It also summarizes studies on using HVPC for wound healing, pain management, muscle strengthening, and edema management.
Faradic current
This document provides information about faradic current, including its nature, therapeutic and physiological effects, techniques of application, indications, contraindications, and clinical applications. It describes faradic current as an asymmetrical alternating current with a pulse duration of 0.1-1 ms and frequency of 30-100 Hz. The document discusses the effects of faradic current such as stimulation of sensory and motor nerves and reduction of swelling and pain. It outlines various methods and techniques of faradic current application for diagnostic and therapeutic purposes, as well as precautions and potential dangers of its use.
Iontophoresis
Dr. Shweta Panchbudhe provides a lesson on iontophoresis. The key points are:
1. Iontophoresis is the transfer of ions through the skin using direct current. Positively charged ions migrate to the negative electrode and vice versa.
2. Different ions can be used to treat various conditions like salicylate for pain, chlorine for softening scars, and acetic acid for calcium deposits.
3. Proper application involves cleaning the skin, placing moistened electrodes on the treatment area and indifferent site, and applying a mild current for 15 minutes.
FARADIC CURRENT.pptx
A faradic current is a short duration interrupted direct current with a pulse duration of 0.1-1 ms and frequency of 50-100 Hz. It produces a biphasic, asymmetrical and spiked waveform. Faradic currents are used to produce near normal tetanic-like muscle contractions and relaxations. When applied to nerves and muscles, it causes sensory stimulation, muscle contraction, reduced swelling and pain, and increased metabolism. Faradic current is indicated for muscle reeducation, maintaining range of motion, loosening adhesions, and replacing orthosis. It involves placing electrodes on muscles or nerve trunks and gradually increasing and decreasing intensity to cause contraction and relaxation.
Interrupted direct current
This document discusses interrupted direct current (IDC), which describes continuous unidirectional current that is interrupted to create pulses of varying duration, shape, or frequency. There are two main types of IDC pulses: rectangular wave pulses and accommodation pulses. Rectangular pulses have sudden rises and falls, while accommodation pulses gradually rise and fall in shapes like triangular, trapezoid, or sawtooth. IDC can stimulate nerves and muscles. Short pulses preferentially stimulate nerves, while longer pulses are needed to stimulate muscles at tolerable intensities. The document discusses electrotonus effects from IDC and considerations for selecting appropriate pulse durations and intensities. It concludes with indications for using electrical stimulation to produce muscle contraction without excessive fatigue.
MWD
Microwave diathermy (MWD) uses electromagnetic radiation in the microwave frequency range to generate heat in tissue. MWD uses a magnetron to produce microwaves with frequencies commonly between 300 MHz to 300 GHz. These short wavelength microwaves generate strong electrical fields that cause heating through ionic movements and molecular distortion within tissues. MWD provides superficial heating that is more localized than shortwave diathermy and penetrates deeper than infrared radiation. Key uses of MWD include reducing pain, swelling and muscle spasm in inflammatory conditions like tendinitis as well as accelerating healing for injuries and infections.
Passive movements
Passive movement involves moving a body part without active muscle contraction. There are several types: relaxed passive movements where a therapist smoothly moves a joint within its pain-free range; accessory movements which are small rotational or gliding motions in a joint; and passive manual techniques like joint mobilizations and manipulations. Controlled stretching can also be applied to tight muscles and tissues. Passive movements help maintain range of motion, prevent adhesions, reduce swelling, and stretch contracted structures. They are important for patients who cannot actively move due to injury or condition.
Resistance exercises
The document defines and describes various aspects of resistance exercises. It discusses types of muscle contractions like isotonic, isometric and eccentric. It explains principles of resistance training like overload and specificity. It describes adaptations to resistance training including neural, muscular and bone changes. Determinants of resistance training programs are outlined including intensity, time, volume and periodization. Guidelines for progressive resistance exercises and precautions are provided.
Pulsed shortwave
This document discusses pulsed shortwave therapy (PSWT), which delivers pulsed electromagnetic energy in short pulses with time gaps between. PSWT uses a similar 27.12MHz frequency as traditional shortwave diathermy but with lower mean power of 2-5W. It results in non-thermal tissue heating through effects on cell membranes and ion transport. PSWT is shown to increase healing factors like white blood cells in wounds and reduce edema and inflammation. Treatment doses and contraindications are provided. PSWT is compared to traditional shortwave diathermy, with PSWT having non-thermal rather than thermal effects.
Interferential therapy
This document discusses interferential therapy (IFT), including its history, principles, instrumentation, applications, effects, and precautions. Some key points:
- IFT was developed in the 1950s and involves applying two medium frequency alternating currents slightly out of phase to produce a low frequency effect for therapeutic purposes.
- The interference of the currents produces an amplitude-modulated frequency that can stimulate tissues in a manner similar to low frequency electrotherapy.
- IFT is used for pain relief, muscle stimulation, increasing blood flow, and reducing edema through its physiological effects on tissues from 10-150 Hz.
- Proper electrode placement and current parameters are important to achieve the intended effects while avoiding contraindic
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Faradic Foot Bath, Faradism Under Pressure, Faradism Under Tension, Stimulati...
Faradic Foot Bath, Faradism Under Pressure, Faradism Under Tension, Stimulati...
Similar to Diadynamic current
DIADYNAMIC CURRENT.pptx
Diadynamic current is a type of electrotherapy that uses a low current for analgesic and spasmolytic effects. It is a mixed current that combines galvanic and faradic/impulse currents to induce hyperaemia and analgesia. There are different types of diadynamic currents characterized by waveform that have inhibitory or facilitatory effects depending on frequency and intensity. Common applications include pain relief, increasing local circulation, and decreasing inflammation.
560581095-2-Diadynamic-Current (1).pptx
Diadynamic currents are a type of electrotherapy that uses a mixed current combining galvanic and faradic currents. This results in analgesic and spasmolytic effects by inducing hyperaemia. Diadynamic currents include half-wave and full-wave rectified currents that produce monophasic pulsed currents. They are used to treat pain, muscle spasms, and other conditions by stimulating nerves and improving circulation. Proper application and dosage is important to provide benefits while avoiding risks like skin damage.
DIDYNAMIC CURRENT
Didynamic current is a mixed current that uses low-level galvanic and faradic currents for analgesic and spasmolytic effects. It has five types - DF, MF, CP, LP, and RS - that provide different sensations. Physiological effects include pain relief through the pain gate mechanism and increased local circulation. Indications are for soft tissue injuries and peripheral nerve disorders. Treatment involves gradually increasing intensity for 3 minutes per current type in daily or every other day sessions.
electrotherapeutic modalities
This document discusses various forms of electrotherapy used to treat musculoskeletal disorders. It describes galvanic current, diadynamic current, interferential therapy, and TENS. Galvanic current directly stimulates muscle without activating nerves. Diadynamic current comes in various forms that can stimulate muscles or affect the autonomic nervous system. Interferential therapy uses two medium frequency currents to produce a low frequency effect for pain relief and muscle stimulation. TENS is a form of electrical stimulation that decreases pain by activating sensory nerves via surface electrodes.
diadynamic current.pptx
Diadynamic currents are a variation of sinusoidal currents that are half or full wave rectified alternating currents. They produce monophasic pulses and have two main types - half wave rectification which produces pulses at 50Hz and full wave rectification which produces pulses at 100Hz. There are five classic types of diadynamic currents defined by their waveform. The currents have analgesic, anti-inflammatory and muscle strengthening effects and are used to treat soft tissue injuries, peripheral nerve disorders, and various pain conditions. Proper technique and monitoring of intensity and duration is needed when applying the currents to avoid skin damage.
Electrotherapy PPT Generic
Electrotherapy uses electric currents to treat various musculoskeletal conditions. It can be used for pain management, improving joint mobility and muscle function, enhancing wound healing, and reducing edema. Low, medium, and high frequency currents, as well as microcurrents and pulsed electromagnetic fields, are used for purposes like muscle stimulation, nerve regeneration, and reducing inflammation. Contraindications include recent wounds or fractures. Electrotherapy modalities aim to accelerate recovery from injuries and postoperative rehabilitation.
TENS
This document discusses T.E.N.S. (Transcutaneous Electrical Nerve Stimulation), a non-invasive pain management technique. It stimulates nerves under the skin to reduce pain signals according to the gate control theory. T.E.N.S. has efficacy rates of 50-80% for controlling chronic and acute pain, such as post-surgical or injury pain. Different T.E.N.S. techniques like high frequency, low frequency, and brief intense stimulation are described along with their parameters and applications. Placement of electrodes and contraindications are also covered.
Medical Physics - Assignment.pptx
There are several methods of electrical stimulation of nerves and muscles to reduce pain, including different types of transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS). TENS involves applying low frequency pulsed currents through surface electrodes and can be used for short or prolonged periods. High TENS uses high frequencies and low intensities to inhibit pain transmission while low TENS uses low frequencies and high intensities to release endorphins blocking pain. Burst TENS provides benefits of conventional and acupuncture-like TENS. Microcurrent electrical neuromuscular stimulation involves extremely small currents to relieve pain and heal soft tissues with few sensations felt. Electrical stimulation has various applications but precautions are needed for certain medical conditions.
INTERFERENTIAL THERAPY
Interferential therapy is a form of electrical stimulation that uses two medium frequency currents to produce a low frequency beating effect deeper in the tissues. It can provide analgesic, anti-inflammatory and muscle stimulation effects. IFT is applied using electrode pads or probes placed on the skin over the treatment area. Parameters like frequency, intensity, and application time can be modified based on the condition being treated. Common indications include pain, muscle spasm, edema, and post-surgical issues. Proper application and monitoring of settings is needed to provide benefit safely.
Physical modalities 2
1. Thermotherapy such as heat and cold can cause rebound phenomena where continued application beyond 30-45 minutes causes tissue congestion due to reflex vascular constriction.
2. Cryokinetics combines cryotherapy with exercise to numb an area with ice and perform exercises when analgesia is experienced in a 4-5 minute window before pain returns.
3. Electrotherapy modalities like TENS, PENS, and interferential current therapy are used to reduce pain by blocking pain signal transmission or promoting endorphin release while electrical stimulation can strengthen muscles.
Tens
This document provides information on transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS), interferential therapy (IFT), and paraffin wax bath therapy. It describes how each therapy works, including parameters and modes. It outlines indications and contraindications. For TENS, it discusses waveform, frequency, pulse width, amplitude and types (conventional, acupuncture-like, brief intense, burst mode). For IFT, it explains the interference of two medium frequencies. For paraffin wax bath, it describes the unit, application methods, and physiological effects of increased heat and circulation.
IFT.pdf
Interferential therapy is a form of electrical stimulation that uses two medium frequency currents between 4000-5100 Hz to generate low frequency interference currents between 1-100 Hz at targeted tissue depths. This allows for pain relief, muscle stimulation, increased blood flow and lymphatic drainage without the limitation of skin resistance. Electrodes are placed diagonally over the area of interest and current intensity is gradually increased until felt by the patient. Contraindications include coagulation issues, arterial disease, infections and pacemakers. Typical applications are for pain, swelling, muscle stimulation and tissue healing.
BATCH 06 - IFT PRESENTATION.pptx
The document discusses interferential therapy (IFT), including its principles, working mechanisms, and applications. IFT involves applying two medium frequency currents simultaneously to generate low frequency interference currents in the body. Key points include:
- IFT uses medium frequencies between 1000-10,000 Hz to generate low frequency currents from 50-150 Hz. This allows for deeper, more comfortable current penetration.
- IFT can be applied using bipolar, static quadripolar, or vector scan quadripolar methods depending on the treatment area and desired effects.
- Physiological effects include pain relief, muscle stimulation, increased blood flow, and edema reduction depending on the frequency used.
therapeuticcurrents-230513111258-73230093.pptx
Therapeutic currents are classified into low, medium, and high frequency currents. Low frequency currents vary from 1-1000Hz and stimulate sensory and motor nerves. Examples include faradic current (30-70Hz), TENS (1-120Hz), and HVPGS (500V twin pulses). Medium frequency currents include interferential current and Russian current (2.5kHz burst modulated at 50Hz). Therapeutic currents have physiological effects like muscle stimulation and contraction as well as therapeutic effects such as muscle strengthening, nerve stimulation, and pain relief.
ELECTROTHERAPY PPT by sonot thakuria Amch
The document summarizes various types of electrotherapy used in physical therapy. It discusses the history of electrotherapy and describes different currents used including direct current, faradic current, alternating current and pulsed current. It then explains the physiological effects of different electrotherapy modalities like TENS, IFT, ultrasound therapy and shortwave diathermy. Each modality is defined and their applications, techniques, indications and contraindications are outlined.
TRANSCUTANEOUS ELECTRICAL NERVE STIMULATION
This power point presentation will be useful for physiotherapy student to understand TENS Briefly which is important for electrotherapy subject
Faradic current.pdf
This document provides information about faradic currents, including:
1. Faradic current is a short-duration, interrupted current with pulse durations between 0.1-1 ms and a frequency of 30-100 Hz. It produces a near-normal tetanic contraction and relaxation of muscle.
2. Faradic current stimulates motor nerves, causing muscle contraction. It can reduce swelling and pain by altering cell membrane permeability.
3. Faradic current has applications in muscle re-education, training new muscle actions, and improving venous drainage. It should be applied with precautions to avoid burns or shocks.
TENS.pptx
The document discusses Transcutaneous Electrical Nerve Stimulation (TENS) and its use for pain management. It provides details on:
- How TENS works according to the Gate Control Theory of pain, using electrical pulses to stimulate nerve fibers and inhibit pain signals.
- The different TENS settings and modes used for different types of pain relief, such as high vs low frequency TENS.
- Contraindications and safe application of TENS, including electrode placement and skin conditions.
- Guidelines for self-administration and maintenance of TENS units.
Physical Therapies in Management of Sports Injuries
The document discusses various physical modalities used in sports medicine and rehabilitation, including cryotherapy, superficial heat therapy, ultrasound, TENS, interferential therapy, galvanic current, laser therapy, and iontophoresis. It provides details on the mechanisms of action, clinical indications, contraindications, and proper application of each modality.
Transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS)
Saurab Sharma presented on Transcutaneous Electrical Nerve Stimulation (TENS). The objectives were to understand TENS theory, application techniques, uses, electrode placement, and precautions. TENS delivers electricity across the skin to activate nerves and provides pain relief for acute, chronic non-malignant, and palliative malignant pain. Different application techniques include high frequency, low frequency, brief intense, burst mode, and modulated TENS. Common uses are postoperative, labor, musculoskeletal, and neuropathic pain. Electrodes are placed over painful sites and precautions taken with pacemakers, malignancy, and skin conditions.
Similar to Diadynamic current (20)
Physical Therapies in Management of Sports Injuries
Physical Therapies in Management of Sports Injuries
Transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS)
Transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS)
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Diadynamic current
- 1. Dr.Arjun Patel MPT, DNHE
- 2. Diadynamic is one of the most common devices of electro-therapy, which uses a low current for its analgesic and spasmolytic effect. Diadynamic currents are mixed currents, which use effects of the concurrent application of galvanic and faraday, or other impulse-like currents. This results in combined effects of both types of currents, especially induction of hyperaemia and analgesia. The galvanic current component is combined with impulse component.
- 3. Sinusoid-like impulse currents have inhibitory or facilitation effect, which depends on the frequency, intensity and other parameters. The current with predominantly inhibitory effect has the frequency 100 Hz, current with frequency 50 Hz acts rather dynamogenically, i.e. causing excitation, facilitation and supporting muscle tone, it eliminates oedema around the nerve envelope, reducing pain and supporting muscle tone.
- 4. Two main types which are characterized by the different types of waveforms produced by the device. Half-wave rectification (single phase or monophasé fixe (MF) Eliminates the second half of each AC cycle to produce a monophasic pulsed current with a pulse duration equal to the interpulse interval and a frequency equal to that of the original AC
- 5. Full-wave rectification (double phase or diphasé fixe (DF)) Produces a monophasic pulsed current with no interpulse internal at twice the original AC frequency
- 6. Diadynamic currents are basically a variation of sinusoidal current. They are monophasic sinusoidal currents (rectified alternating current) with duration of 10 ms
- 7. It has five classic current types: 1- DF (diphase Fixe) 2- MF (monophase Fixe) 3-CP (Courtes Periodes), 4- LP (Longues Periodes) 5-RS( Syncopal Ryhthm)
- 8. 1-DF (diphase Fixe): - Full wave rectified alternating current - Frequency 100 Hz - The patient feels tickling sensation and muscle contraction occurs only at high intensities - Used for initial treatment and has analgesic effect
- 9. 2- MF (monophase Fixe) - Half wave rectified alternating current - Frequency 50 Hz - The patient feels strong vibration sensation - It is used in treatment of pain without muscle spasm - MF current can cause muscle stimulation at lower intensity then with DF.
- 10. 3-CP (Courtes Periodes, short periods) Rapid alternation between one second of MF current and one second of DF without interval pauses.
- 11. 4- LP (Longues Periodes, long periods) Slow alternation between six seconds of MF current and six seconds DF phase in which a peak intensity is varied. CP and LP are used to prevent accommodation. CP and LP currents has analgesic effect and used in treatment of traumatic and neurogenic pain
- 12. It comprises 1-sec phase of MF, followed by a 1-sec rest phase.
- 13. 1- Relief of pain due to Direct mechanism Stimulation of sensory nerves leading to pain relief through stimulation of pain gate mechanism Indirect mechanism Improving circulation through pumping action of muscle contraction with subsequent removal of irritant wastes 2- Increase local circulation due to Release of H -like substance due to polar effect Altering autonomic activity
- 14. 3- Decrease inflammation and swelling Due to increased local circulation and change of cell membrane permeability 4- Muscle re-education due to stimulation of motor nerves but it is not the current of choice for muscle strengthening
- 15. Diadynamic current has relative high DC amplitude, so that there is a significant chance of skin damage occurrence. Skin damage is due to electrochemical changes and changes in the pH value of the skin. To keep the risk of skin damage to minimum, treatment time should be limited to ten minutes.
- 16. Soft tissue injury as sprains, contusions and epicondylitis Treating pain especially in small joints. Sudeck’s atrophy. Peripheral nerve disorders as neuralgia, radiculopathy and herpes zoster.
- 17. Open skin as the current tend to concentrate Bony areas Loss of sensation Infection Unreliable patients Superficial metals Thrombosis. Cardiac pace makers.
- 18. Intensity: It should be increased gradually until definite vibration or prickling sensation occurs. Duration: Not more than 12 minutes; each type for 3 minutes. Frequency: Daily or every other day for 12 sessions.
- 19. DF: It is used for the initial treatment and before application of other currents. The patient feels a prickling sensation, which subsides after a short time. MF: The patient feels a strong vibration for longer time than the sensation of DF. It is used for treatment of pain without muscle spasm.
- 20. CP: In DF phase, there are fine tremors in MF phase (strong and constant vibration). There are rhythmic contractions, being used for treatment of traumatic pain. LP: It has a long-lasting analgesic effect. It is used with combination of CP in treatment of neuralgia. RS: It can be used for faradic stimulation of the muscle and as a test for motor nerve excitability.
- 21. THANK YOU