Basketball: Scientific Basis of Strength Training

Basketball:
Scientific Basis of Strength Training
Adriano VretarosAdriano Vretaros
Strength and Conditioning CoachStrength and Conditioning Coach
20202020

Strength Training for Basketball Players
Sport Characteristics
●
Team Sport;Team Sport;
●
Intermittent and Acyclic Motor Actions;Intermittent and Acyclic Motor Actions;
●
Mixed Metabolic Pathways;Mixed Metabolic Pathways;
●
Contact Sport;Contact Sport;
●
Different Playing Positions;Different Playing Positions;
●
Sport of Strength and PowerSport of Strength and Power
(Adapted from Sánchez-Sánchez, 2007 ; Rice et al, 2016)(Adapted from Sánchez-Sánchez, 2007 ; Rice et al, 2016)

Player Characteristics - I
1970s Basketball1970s Basketball 2020s Basketball2020s Basketball
Technical-TacticalTechnical-Tactical
SkillsSkills
Physical StrengthPhysical Strength
Strength PowerStrength Power
““EVOLUTION”EVOLUTION”

Player Characteristics - II
(1970)(1970) (2020)(2020)
Source: NBA Portugal.comSource: NBA Portugal.comSource: Insidehook.comSource: Insidehook.com
EndomorphyEndomorphy
Mesomorphy *Mesomorphy *
Ectomorphy **Ectomorphy **
Endomorphy *Endomorphy *
Mesomorphy **Mesomorphy **
EctomorphyEctomorphy
““Changes”Changes”

Player Characteristics - III
Source: theplayoffs.com.brSource: theplayoffs.com.br
Source: pixz.comSource: pixz.com
Functional StrengthFunctional Strength
HypertrophyHypertrophy

Functional Strength - I
Functional Strength in Basketball PlayersFunctional Strength in Basketball Players
Better PerformanceBetter Performance Less InjuriesLess Injuries

Functional Strength - II
The force seen in theThe force seen in the law of physics:law of physics:
●
Isaac Newton’s Second LawIsaac Newton’s Second Law
●
F= m.aF= m.a
(Suchomel & Comfort, 2018)(Suchomel & Comfort, 2018)

Functional Strength - III
The strength present inThe strength present in human sports action:human sports action:
●
The ability to overcome an external force:The ability to overcome an external force:
a)-a)- Force of gravityForce of gravity
b)-b)- Athlete's Body Mass and Opponent's Body MassAthlete's Body Mass and Opponent's Body Mass
c)-c)- External objectExternal object
(Suchomel & Comfort, 2018)(Suchomel & Comfort, 2018)

Functional Strength - IV
●
Muscular ChainsMuscular Chains
●
Planes of MovementPlanes of Movement
●
Integrated ExercisesIntegrated Exercises
(Teixeira & Guedes Jr, 2014; Patel & Home, 2017; Sato & Shimokochi, 2017)(Teixeira & Guedes Jr, 2014; Patel & Home, 2017; Sato & Shimokochi, 2017)
Functional Strength TrainingFunctional Strength Training

Functional Strength - V
●
Horizontal Movements (sprints, COD, etc)Horizontal Movements (sprints, COD, etc)
●
Vertical Movements (jump shots, rebounds, etc)Vertical Movements (jump shots, rebounds, etc)
●
Combination of Movements in the Different PlansCombination of Movements in the Different Plans
(Adapted from Gepfert et al, 2020)(Adapted from Gepfert et al, 2020)

Functional Strength - VI
●
MeansMeans
●
MethodsMethods
●
SystemsSystems
(Souza, 2017)(Souza, 2017)

Functional Strength - VII
●
HH
●
Russian SchoolRussian School (Zakharov, 1992 ; Platonov, 2008)(Zakharov, 1992 ; Platonov, 2008)
●
German SchoolGerman School (Weineck, 2003)(Weineck, 2003)
●
American SchoolAmerican School (Boyle, 2018; Kraemer et al, 2015 ; Cole & Panariello, 2016)(Boyle, 2018; Kraemer et al, 2015 ; Cole & Panariello, 2016)
●
Canadian SchoolCanadian School (Poliquin, 1997)(Poliquin, 1997)
●
Australian SchoolAustralian School (Haff & Nimphius, 2012)(Haff & Nimphius, 2012)
●
Brazilian SchoolBrazilian School (Teixeira & Guedes Jr, 2014 ; Bossi, 2011; Gentil, 2014)(Teixeira & Guedes Jr, 2014 ; Bossi, 2011; Gentil, 2014)
●
Spanish SchoolSpanish School (Manso, 1999; Badillo & Ayestarán, 2001)(Manso, 1999; Badillo & Ayestarán, 2001)
●
French SchoolFrench School (Cometti, 2005)(Cometti, 2005)
Strength Training SchoolsStrength Training Schools

Strength Manifestations - I
1)-1)- Strength EnduranceStrength Endurance
2)-2)- HypertrophyHypertrophy
3)-3)- Maximal StrengthMaximal Strength
4)-4)- PowerPower
5)-5)- Power EndurancePower Endurance

Strength Manifestations - II
AnatomicalAnatomical
AdaptationAdaptation
MaximalMaximal
StrengthStrength
POWERPOWER
MaximalMaximal
PowerPower
PowerPower
EnduranceEndurance
METABOLICMETABOLIC
AdaptationsAdaptations
NEURALNEURAL
AdaptationsAdaptations

Strength Manifestations - III
ABSOLUTEABSOLUTE
StrengthStrength
RELATIVERELATIVE
StrengthStrength
Moving a external forceMoving a external force
(opponent, ball, etc)(opponent, ball, etc)
Moving body weightMoving body weight
(running, jumping, etc)(running, jumping, etc)

Strength Manifestations - IV
ABSOLUTEABSOLUTE
StrenghtStrenght
RELATIVERELATIVE
StrengthStrength
- The player moves an- The player moves an
opponent's body inopponent's body in
a collision duringa collision during
the match.the match.
- The player would be- The player would be
able to overcome inertiaable to overcome inertia
and carry his own bodyand carry his own body
weight during a jump.weight during a jump.

Effects of Training - I
(Adapted from Bolotin & Bakayev, 2016)(Adapted from Bolotin & Bakayev, 2016)
Basketball PlayersBasketball Players
(Controlled Object)(Controlled Object)
DisturbanceDisturbance
InputsInputs
PreviousPrevious
StimulusStimulus
ResponseResponse
ParametersParameters

Effects of Training - II
(Adapted from Zatsiorsky & Kraemer, 2008)(Adapted from Zatsiorsky & Kraemer, 2008)
Physiological Effects of Strength TrainingPhysiological Effects of Strength Training
1)- Acute Effects1)- Acute Effects 2)- Immediate Effects2)- Immediate Effects
3)- Accumulative Effects3)- Accumulative Effects 4)- Delayed Effects4)- Delayed Effects
5)- Partial Effects5)- Partial Effects
6)- Residual Effects6)- Residual Effects

Principles of Strength Training
1)- Biological1)- Biological
IndividualityIndividuality
2)- Adaptation2)- Adaptation 3)- Trainability3)- Trainability
4)- Overload4)- Overload 5)- Interdependece5)- Interdependece
Volume x IntensityVolume x Intensity
6)- Concurrently6)- Concurrently
7)- Progressivity7)- Progressivity 8)- Specificity8)- Specificity 9)- Reversibility9)- Reversibility
10)- Continuity10)- Continuity 11)- Variability11)- Variability

Principle of Biological Individuality
(Adapted from Jukic et al, 2020)(Adapted from Jukic et al, 2020)
- Gender- Gender - Age- Age - Body- Body
structurestructure
- Injury history- Injury history - Training history- Training history - Cultural- Cultural
profile of sportsprofile of sports
preparationpreparation
- Mental profile- Mental profile - Lifestyle- Lifestyle - Affinity for- Affinity for
different typesdifferent types
of trainingof training
- Positional- Positional
differencesdifferences
- The current- The current
state of the fitnessstate of the fitness
- Genetic- Genetic
predispositionpredisposition

Strength Endurance - IStrength Endurance - I
●
Anatomical AdaptationAnatomical Adaptation
●
Strength EnduranceStrength Endurance ******
●
General Adaptation of StrengthGeneral Adaptation of Strength
( Bompa & Haff, 2012 ; Thomas et al, 2017 ; Barjast & Mirzael, 2017)( Bompa & Haff, 2012 ; Thomas et al, 2017 ; Barjast & Mirzael, 2017)

Strength Endurance - IIStrength Endurance - II
The primary workout to promote adaptations of muscle,The primary workout to promote adaptations of muscle,
tendon and ligament tissue before subjecting thetendon and ligament tissue before subjecting the
player's locomotor system to more intense training.player's locomotor system to more intense training.
(Adapted from Bompa, 1996 ; Vretaros, 2015)(Adapted from Bompa, 1996 ; Vretaros, 2015)
It is the ability of the muscle to contract repeatedlyIt is the ability of the muscle to contract repeatedly
without showing signs of fatigue. Strength endurancewithout showing signs of fatigue. Strength endurance
is dependent on the combination of strength, metabolicis dependent on the combination of strength, metabolic
characteristics and local circulation.characteristics and local circulation.
(Adapted from Lambert et al, 2008)(Adapted from Lambert et al, 2008)

Strength Endurance - IIIStrength Endurance - III
(Adapted from Rivière et al, 2020)(Adapted from Rivière et al, 2020)
Strength-EnduranceStrength-Endurance
LOWERLOWER
Movement FrequenciesMovement Frequencies
HIGHERHIGHER
Movement FrequenciesMovement Frequencies

Strength Endurance - IVStrength Endurance - IV
(Bompa, Di Pasquale & Cornachia, 2012)(Bompa, Di Pasquale & Cornachia, 2012)
The strength endurance (anatomical adaptation) phaseThe strength endurance (anatomical adaptation) phase
should and can be used after a long period of absenceshould and can be used after a long period of absence
in the practice of strength training.in the practice of strength training.

Strength Endurance - VStrength Endurance - V
Strength EnduranceStrength Endurance
Type of MuscleType of Muscle
Fiber Required:Fiber Required:
Type IType I
Slow ContractionSlow Contraction
BasketballBasketball
Type of MuscleType of Muscle
Fiber Required:Fiber Required:
Type IIType II
Fast ContractionFast Contraction

Strength Endurance - VIStrength Endurance - VI
StrengthStrength
EnduranceEndurance
StrengthStrength
EnduranceEndurance
MaximumMaximum
StrengthStrength
MaximumMaximum
StrengthStrength

Strength Endurance - VIStrength Endurance - VI
●
HH
Type ofType of
StrengthStrength
SetsSets RepsReps IntensityIntensity
(%1RM)(%1RM)
PausePause
betweenbetween
setssets
PausePause
betweenbetween
repsreps
StrengthStrength
EnduranceEndurance
2-32-3 12-2512-25 60-7560-75 60-90 s60-90 s 30-50 s30-50 s
Training ProtocolTraining Protocol

Hypertrophy - IHypertrophy - I
(Adapted from Bompa & Haff, 2012 ;(Adapted from Bompa & Haff, 2012 ; Gentil, 2014)Gentil, 2014)
Hypertrophy is nothing more than an increase in theHypertrophy is nothing more than an increase in the
cross-sectional area of the muscle.cross-sectional area of the muscle.

Hypertrophy - IIHypertrophy - II
WhyWhy hypertrophyhypertrophy in basketball?in basketball?
- Increase muscle size.- Increase muscle size.
- Build a strong and big player to give a natural advantage- Build a strong and big player to give a natural advantage
against smaller and weaker players.against smaller and weaker players.
- Create stronger body structure as a function of shock- Create stronger body structure as a function of shock
absorbers of collisions that occur in matches.absorbers of collisions that occur in matches.

Hypertrophy - IIIHypertrophy - III
(Zatsiorsky & Kraemer, 2008)(Zatsiorsky & Kraemer, 2008)
TypesTypes
of Hypertrophyof Hypertrophy
SarcoplasmicSarcoplasmic
MyofibrillarMyofibrillar

Hypertrophy - IVHypertrophy - IV
(Adapted from Krzysztofik et al, 2019 ; Gentil, 2014)(Adapted from Krzysztofik et al, 2019 ; Gentil, 2014)
TrainingTraining
MetabolicMetabolic
StressStress
MechanicalMechanical
TensionTension

Hypertrophy - VHypertrophy - V
(Adapted from Del Acázar et al, 2010)(Adapted from Del Acázar et al, 2010)
ANABOLICANABOLIC
ReactionsReactions
CATABOLICCATABOLIC
ReactionsReactions
-- ↑↑Testosterone,Testosterone,
growth hormone,growth hormone,
somatomedins andsomatomedins and
insulininsulin
-- ↑↑Catecholamines,Catecholamines,
cortisol, glucagon,cortisol, glucagon,
and endorphinsand endorphins

Hypertrophy - VIHypertrophy - VI
(Adapted from Zaric et al, 2020)(Adapted from Zaric et al, 2020)
↓↓ HypokinesyHypokinesy
IndexIndex
↑↑ Protein-FatProtein-Fat
IndexIndex
-- ↓↓ Percentage of bodyPercentage of body
fat mass comparedfat mass compared
to a body mass index.to a body mass index.
-- ↑↑ Protein ratio thanProtein ratio than
body fat mass.body fat mass.
COMPETITIVECOMPETITIVE
PLAYERSPLAYERS
Muscle Mass andMuscle Mass and
Physical PerformancePhysical Performance

Hypertrophy - VIIHypertrophy - VII
●
HH
(Adapted from Krzysztofik et al, 2019)(Adapted from Krzysztofik et al, 2019)
Characteristics of Hypertrophy TrainingCharacteristics of Hypertrophy Training
High VolumesHigh Volumes
Sets x Reps x LoadsSets x Reps x Loads

Hypertrophy - VIIIHypertrophy - VIII
●
HH
(Adapted from Pattat, 2017 ; Oliveira et al, 2019 ; Gentil, 2014)(Adapted from Pattat, 2017 ; Oliveira et al, 2019 ; Gentil, 2014)
METHODSMETHODSDrop-SetsDrop-Sets
Bi-SetsBi-Sets
PyramidalPyramidal
Tri-SetsTri-Sets
Super SetsSuper Sets
Pre-ExhaustionPre-Exhaustion
IsometricIsometric
Rest-PauseRest-Pause
GermanGerman
Volume TrainingVolume TrainingFascial StretchFascial Stretch
Training-7Training-7
OtherOtherTempo TrainingTempo Training
Cluster SetsCluster Sets

Hypertrophy - IXHypertrophy - IX
●
HH
(Adapted from Taylor et al, 2016)(Adapted from Taylor et al, 2016)
Effects of Whey Protein SupplementationEffects of Whey Protein Supplementation
(n=16 female basketball players - NCAA Division II) – 8w, 3 times per week(n=16 female basketball players - NCAA Division II) – 8w, 3 times per week

Hypertrophy - XHypertrophy - X
●
HH
(Adapted from Wilborn et al, 2013)(Adapted from Wilborn et al, 2013)
Whey ProteinWhey Protein versusversus Casein Protein – Strength TrainingCasein Protein – Strength Training
8w - 4 times per week – NCAA Division III Female Players8w - 4 times per week – NCAA Division III Female Players

Hypertrophy - XIHypertrophy - XI
●
HH
(Adapted from Wilborn et al, 2013)(Adapted from Wilborn et al, 2013)
Protein SupplementationProtein Supplementation

Hypertrophy - XIIHypertrophy - XII
●
HHHypertrophy TrainingHypertrophy Training
in Basketballin Basketball
Control the Muscularity Index of the PlayersControl the Muscularity Index of the Players
Obtain an Appropriate Somatotype ValueObtain an Appropriate Somatotype Value

Hypertrophy - XIIIHypertrophy - XIII
●
HH
Type ofType of
StrengthStrength
(%1RM)(%1RM)
PausePause
betweenbetween
setssets
PausePause
betweenbetween
repsreps
HypertrophyHypertrophy 3-53-5 8-128-12 75-8575-85 60-90 s60-90 s 30-60 s30-60 s

Maximal Strength - IMaximal Strength - I
(Adapted from Weineck, 2003 ; Bompa & Haff, 2012)(Adapted from Weineck, 2003 ; Bompa & Haff, 2012)
Maximum StrengthMaximum Strength is the capacity of the athlete'sis the capacity of the athlete's
neuromuscular system to generate a maximum voluntaryneuromuscular system to generate a maximum voluntary
contraction in a situation of maximum effort.contraction in a situation of maximum effort.

Maximal Strength - IIMaximal Strength - II
(Adapted from Requena et al, 2009 ; Drake et al, 2018)(Adapted from Requena et al, 2009 ; Drake et al, 2018)
MAXIMALMAXIMAL
STRENGTHSTRENGTH
IsometricIsometric
DynamicDynamic
(concentric eccentric)(concentric eccentric)

Maximal Strength - IIIMaximal Strength - III
(Adapted from Weineck, 2003 ; Bompa & Haff, 2012)(Adapted from Weineck, 2003 ; Bompa & Haff, 2012)
MaximalMaximal
StrengthStrength
INTRAmuscularINTRAmuscular
CoordinationCoordination
INTERmuscularINTERmuscular

Maximal Strength - IVMaximal Strength - IV
(Adapted from Zatsiorsky & Kraemer, 2008)(Adapted from Zatsiorsky & Kraemer, 2008)
The Maximum Maximorum ForceThe Maximum Maximorum Force
FmmFmm

Maximal Strength - VMaximal Strength - V
●
HH
ABSOLUTE StrengthABSOLUTE Strength
Player APlayer A
80 kg80 kg
Player BPlayer B
92 kg92 kg
Maximum Load:Maximum Load:
180 kg180 kg

Maximal Strength - VIMaximal Strength - VI
●
HH
RELATIVE StrengthRELATIVE Strength
(Relative Strength Index)(Relative Strength Index)
Player APlayer A
80 kg80 kg
Player BPlayer B
92 kg92 kg
Maximum Load:Maximum Load:
180 kg180 kg
RSI= 2.25 ***RSI= 2.25 ***
RSI= 1.95RSI= 1.95

Maximal Strength - VIIMaximal Strength - VII
●
HH
The Force-Velocity CurveThe Force-Velocity Curve
FF
OO
RR
CC
EE
VELOCITYVELOCITY
Maximum strengthMaximum strength
Strength-speedStrength-speed
Speed-strengthSpeed-strength
Reactive strengthReactive strength
SpeedSpeed

Maximal Strength - VIIIMaximal Strength - VIII
●
HH
(Adapted from Beardsley, 2020)(Adapted from Beardsley, 2020)
FF
OO
RR
CC
EE
VELOCITYVELOCITY
The Force-Velocity Profile-01The Force-Velocity Profile-01
OBJECTIVE: Maximal StrengthOBJECTIVE: Maximal Strength

Maximal Strength - IXMaximal Strength - IX
●
HH
(Adapted from McQuilliam et al, 2020)(Adapted from McQuilliam et al, 2020)
Maximum Strength TrainingMaximum Strength Training
No gains in muscle massNo gains in muscle mass
Move the body mass at high speedMove the body mass at high speed
High activation of the neural systemHigh activation of the neural system
Sprints, jumps, etcSprints, jumps, etc

Maximal Strength - XMaximal Strength - X
●
HH
(Adapted from Ratamess, 2015)(Adapted from Ratamess, 2015)
Supra-Maximal Intensity TrainingSupra-Maximal Intensity Training
Used in the final stages of training cyclesUsed in the final stages of training cycles
1)- Forced Repetitions1)- Forced Repetitions
2)- Negative Repetitions2)- Negative Repetitions
3)- Partial ROM Training3)- Partial ROM Training
2)- Negative Repetitions2)- Negative Repetitions

Maximal Strength - XIMaximal Strength - XI
●
HH
(Adapted from Abdelkrim et al, 2010)(Adapted from Abdelkrim et al, 2010)
Maximum Strength of the Upper Limbs and Lower LimbsMaximum Strength of the Upper Limbs and Lower Limbs
(U-18 vs. U-20 vs. Senior)(U-18 vs. U-20 vs. Senior)
p<0,01p<0,01
p<0,05p<0,05

Maximal Strength - XIIMaximal Strength - XII
●
HH
(Adapted from Ćabarkapa et al, 2020)(Adapted from Ćabarkapa et al, 2020)
Maximum Strength of the Lower LimbsMaximum Strength of the Lower Limbs
(NBA vs. PRO vs. College)(NBA vs. PRO vs. College)
NBA – D=0.95NBA – D=0.95
PRO – D=0.51PRO – D=0.51
SpearmanSpearman – p=-0.38– p=-0.38
NBA – D=0.83NBA – D=0.83
PRO – D=0.47PRO – D=0.47
NBA – D=0.97NBA – D=0.97
PRO – D=0.73PRO – D=0.73

Maximal Strength - XIIIMaximal Strength - XIII
●
HH
(Chaouachi et al, 2009)(Chaouachi et al, 2009)
VARIABLESVARIABLES MEANMEAN RANGERANGE
1RM Squat (kg)1RM Squat (kg) 143 (13.4)143 (13.4) 120-170120-170
1RM Bench Press (kg)1RM Bench Press (kg) 79 (6.0)79 (6.0) 70-9070-90
VARIABLESVARIABLES 5-m sprint r (p)5-m sprint r (p) 10-m sprint r (p)10-m sprint r (p) 30-m sprint r (p)30-m sprint r (p)
1RM Squat1RM Squat -0.63-0.63 -0.68-0.68 -0.65-0.65
1RM Bench Press1RM Bench Press 0.050.05 -0.05-0.05 -0.11-0.11
Maximum Strength and Sprint PerformanceMaximum Strength and Sprint Performance
(n=14 Tunisian National Basketball Players)(n=14 Tunisian National Basketball Players)

Maximal Strength - XIVMaximal Strength - XIV
●
HH
(Adapted from Bolotin & Bakayev, 2016)(Adapted from Bolotin & Bakayev, 2016)
Isometric Strength TrainingIsometric Strength Training

Maximal Strength - XVMaximal Strength - XV
●
HH
(Adapted from Townsend et al, 2019)(Adapted from Townsend et al, 2019)
Relationship Between Isometric Mid-Thigh Pull and Athletic PerformanceRelationship Between Isometric Mid-Thigh Pull and Athletic Performance
(n=23 Division I basketball players)(n=23 Division I basketball players)

Maximal Strength - XVIMaximal Strength - XVI
●
HH
(Adapted from Thomas et al, 2017)(Adapted from Thomas et al, 2017)
The Influence of Maximum Isometric Strength (IMTP)The Influence of Maximum Isometric Strength (IMTP)
on CMJ and DJ Force-Time Characteristicson CMJ and DJ Force-Time Characteristics
(n=16 youth basketball players)(n=16 youth basketball players)

Maximal Strength - XVIIMaximal Strength - XVII
●
HH
Correlations with Maximum StrengthCorrelations with Maximum Strength
Vertical JumpVertical Jump
Horizontal JumpHorizontal Jump
SprintSprint
CODCOD
r=0.64 – 0.74r=0.64 – 0.74
r=0.67r=0.67
r=0.63 – 0.65r=0.63 – 0.65
r=0.79 – 0.89r=0.79 – 0.89

Maximal Strength - XVIIIMaximal Strength - XVIII
●
HH
(Spiteri et al, 2014)(Spiteri et al, 2014)
Contribution of Strength Characteristics to COD and Agility PerformanceContribution of Strength Characteristics to COD and Agility Performance
(n=12 female basketball players)(n=12 female basketball players)

Maximal Strength - XIXMaximal Strength - XIX
●
HH
(Adapted from Del Alcázar et al, 2010)(Adapted from Del Alcázar et al, 2010)
Hormonal Behavior During The SeasonHormonal Behavior During The Season
(n=08 male professional basketball players)(n=08 male professional basketball players)

Maximal Strength - XXMaximal Strength - XX
●
HH
(Adapted from González-Bono et al, 2002)(Adapted from González-Bono et al, 2002)
Analyzing Hormone Levels in Two TeamsAnalyzing Hormone Levels in Two Teams
Beginning of the season (TS1) and after four months (TS2)Beginning of the season (TS1) and after four months (TS2)

Maximal Strength - XXIMaximal Strength - XXI
●
HH
(Adapted from Miloski et al, 2015)(Adapted from Miloski et al, 2015)
Testosterone Behaviour During a Period of Intensive LoadsTestosterone Behaviour During a Period of Intensive Loads
Followed By a Taper PeriodFollowed By a Taper Period

Maximal Strength - XXIIMaximal Strength - XXII
●
HH
(Adapted from Torres-Luque et al, 2016)(Adapted from Torres-Luque et al, 2016)
Handgrip Strength

Maximal Strength - XXIIIMaximal Strength - XXIII
●
HH
(Adapted from Pizzigalli et al, 2016)(Adapted from Pizzigalli et al, 2016)
Handgrip Strength in Different National CategoriesHandgrip Strength in Different National Categories
(n=106 female basketball players)(n=106 female basketball players)

Maximal Strength - XXIVMaximal Strength - XXIV
●
HH
(Adapted from Izquierdo et al, 2006)(Adapted from Izquierdo et al, 2006)
Check the Efficacy of 11-week of Strength Training toCheck the Efficacy of 11-week of Strength Training to
Failure vs. Non-Failure, Followed by an Identical 5-week PeakingFailure vs. Non-Failure, Followed by an Identical 5-week Peaking
Period of Maximal Strength and Power TrainingPeriod of Maximal Strength and Power Training
(n=42 well trained Basque ball players)(n=42 well trained Basque ball players)
TrainingTraining
to FAILUREto FAILURE
TrainingTraining
to NON-FAILUREto NON-FAILURE
-- ↓↓ IGF-1IGF-1
-- ↑↑ IGFBP-3IGFBP-3
-- ↑↑ Local muscular enduranceLocal muscular endurance
-- ↓↓ CortisolCortisol
-- ↑↑ Total testosteroneTotal testosterone
-- ↑↑ Maximal strength and powerMaximal strength and power

Maximal Strength - XXVMaximal Strength - XXV
●
(Adapted from Zourdos et al, 2016)(Adapted from Zourdos et al, 2016)
Repetitions in Reserve (RIR)Repetitions in Reserve (RIR)
Repetitions in Reserve (RIR)Repetitions in Reserve (RIR) Description of Perceived ExertionDescription of Perceived Exertion
1010 Maximum EffortMaximum Effort
9,59,5 No further repetitions but could increase loadNo further repetitions but could increase load
99 1 repetition remaining1 repetition remaining
8,58,5 1-2 repetitions remaining1-2 repetitions remaining
88 2 repetitions remaining2 repetitions remaining
7,57,5 2-3 repetitions remaining2-3 repetitions remaining
77 3 repetitions remaining3 repetitions remaining
5-65-6 4-6 repetitions remaining4-6 repetitions remaining
3-43-4 Light effortLight effort
1-21-2 Little to no effortLittle to no effort

Maximal Strength - XXVIMaximal Strength - XXVI
●
Type ofType of
StrengthStrength
(%1RM)(%1RM)
PausePause
betweenbetween
setssets
PausePause
betweenbetween
repsreps
MaximalMaximal
StrengthStrength
3-53-5 4-64-6 85-9585-95 3-5 min3-5 min 1-3 min1-3 min

Power - IPower - I
●
HH
(Mike Young, PhD - 2015)(Mike Young, PhD - 2015)

Power - IIPower - II
●
HH
(Adapted from Ribas, 2009 ; Ratamess, 2015)(Adapted from Ribas, 2009 ; Ratamess, 2015)
The athlete's muscular ability to produceThe athlete's muscular ability to produce
joint torque at high speeds.joint torque at high speeds.
Power= Force x Speed TimePower= Force x Speed Time

Power - IIIPower - III
●
HH
- Develop the strength component- Develop the strength component
Developing Muscle Power:Developing Muscle Power:
- Develop the speed component with a reduction in the time- Develop the speed component with a reduction in the time
period in which the task is performedperiod in which the task is performed

Power - IVPower - IV
●
HH
(Adapted from Suchomel & Comfort, 2018)(Adapted from Suchomel & Comfort, 2018)
Rate of Force DevelopmentRate of Force Development
(RFD)(RFD)
- RFD is related to the change in strength divided by- RFD is related to the change in strength divided by
the change in execution time.the change in execution time.
- RFD allows the player to produce strength quickly- RFD allows the player to produce strength quickly
in time-limited motor tasks.in time-limited motor tasks.
- EXAMPLE:- EXAMPLE:
An explosive jump to block the opponentAn explosive jump to block the opponent

Power - VPower - V
●
HHThe Force-Velocity CurveThe Force-Velocity Curve
FF
OO
RR
CC
EE
VELOCITYVELOCITY
Maximum strengthMaximum strength
Strength-speedStrength-speed
Speed-strengthSpeed-strength
Reactive strengthReactive strength
SpeedSpeed

Power - VIPower - VI
●
HH
FF
OO
RR
CC
EE
VELOCITYVELOCITY
OBJECTIVE: PowerOBJECTIVE: Power

Power - VIIPower - VII
●
HH
FF
OO
RR
CC
EE
VELOCITYVELOCITY
OBJECTIVE: Power and Maximal StrengthOBJECTIVE: Power and Maximal Strength

Power - VIIIPower - VIII
●
AA
(Adapted from Lambert et al, 2008 ; Roberts & DeBeliso, 2018)(Adapted from Lambert et al, 2008 ; Roberts & DeBeliso, 2018)
Olympic Lifting ExercisesOlympic Lifting Exercises

Power - IXPower - IX
●
AA
(Adapted from Bouteraa et al, 2020)(Adapted from Bouteraa et al, 2020)
Plyometric TrainingPlyometric Training
Plyometrics is a dynamic form of strength training in which,Plyometrics is a dynamic form of strength training in which,
through the stretch-shortening cycle involvingthrough the stretch-shortening cycle involving
vertical, horizontal and lateral jumps, it performsvertical, horizontal and lateral jumps, it performs
displacements of the players' center of gravity.displacements of the players' center of gravity.

Power - XPower - X
●
AA
Plyometric Training – Exercise ProgressionPlyometric Training – Exercise Progression

Power - XIPower - XI
●
AA
(Adapted from Sole, 2018)(Adapted from Sole, 2018)
Plyometric Training – Volume and Intensity of the LoadsPlyometric Training – Volume and Intensity of the Loads

Power - XIIPower - XII
●
CMJCMJ
●
CMJ (stretch-shortening cycle)CMJ (stretch-shortening cycle)
●
Slow-SSC (>250ms)Slow-SSC (>250ms)
(Adapted from Heishman et al, 2019)(Adapted from Heishman et al, 2019)
CMJCMJ
Arm SwingArm Swing
CMJCMJ
Non-Arm SwingNon-Arm Swing
- Isolates lower- Isolates lower
extremity forceextremity force
productionproduction
- High degree of- High degree of
sport specificitysport specificity
CMJCMJ

Power - XIIIPower - XIII
CMJCMJ
Arm SwingArm Swing
CMJCMJ
Non-Arm SwingNon-Arm Swing
- It serves to assess- It serves to assess
acute changes inacute changes in
neuromuscular readinessneuromuscular readiness
- It serves to quantify- It serves to quantify
long-term changes inlong-term changes in
performance afterperformance after
training programtraining program

Power - XIVPower - XIV
Considerations About the Countermovement JumpConsiderations About the Countermovement Jump

Power - XVPower - XV
(Adapted from Vaquera et al, 2002)(Adapted from Vaquera et al, 2002)
Four Different Types of Jump Tests - 01Four Different Types of Jump Tests - 01
Abalakov JumpAbalakov Jump
Squat TestSquat Test
JumpJump
CMJ TestCMJ Test
Repeated JumpRepeated Jump
TestTest
- Countermovement jump- Countermovement jump
with free use of the armswith free use of the arms
- Jump with 90° of flexion- Jump with 90° of flexion
without using the armswithout using the arms
- Countermovement jump- Countermovement jump
without using the armswithout using the arms
- Repeated jumps for 30 seconds- Repeated jumps for 30 seconds
the greatest number of timesthe greatest number of times
starting from 90° of flexionstarting from 90° of flexion

Power - XVIPower - XVI
(Adapted from Schuster et al, 2020)(Adapted from Schuster et al, 2020)
Four Different Types of Jump Tests - 02Four Different Types of Jump Tests - 02
Single-Leg Jump TestSingle-Leg Jump Test
(SLJ or SL-CMJ)(SLJ or SL-CMJ)
Squat Jump TestSquat Jump Test
Drop Jump TestDrop Jump Test
Land and Hold TestLand and Hold Test
Evaluates bilateralEvaluates bilateral
asymmetriesasymmetries
Evaluates informationEvaluates information
of the concentric phaseof the concentric phase
of the jumpof the jump
Evaluates how theEvaluates how the
player can jumpplayer can jump
after a landingafter a landing
Evaluates limb-specificEvaluates limb-specific
stability and itsstability and its
relationship to the riskrelationship to the risk
of injuryof injury

Power - XVIIPower - XVII
(Adapted from Ivanovic et al, 2019)(Adapted from Ivanovic et al, 2019)
The Specificity of Moving Structure in Competitive ConditionsThe Specificity of Moving Structure in Competitive Conditions
(The Typical Time Interval)(The Typical Time Interval)
The stretch-shortening cycleThe stretch-shortening cycle
(SSC)(SSC)
The ground contact time duringThe ground contact time during
running in submaximal regime,running in submaximal regime,
frequent changes of directionfrequent changes of direction
and vertical reboundsand vertical rebounds
The ground contact timeThe ground contact time
during running induring running in
absolute maximal intensityabsolute maximal intensity
250 ms250 ms
180 ms180 ms
100 ms100 ms

Power - XVIIIPower - XVIII
Stretch-Shortening Cycle (SSC) MovementsStretch-Shortening Cycle (SSC) Movements
Sprinting,Sprinting,
Drop Jump,Drop Jump,
BoundingBounding
Depht-Jumps,Depht-Jumps,
CMJ,CMJ,
CODCOD
FASTFAST
<250 ms<250 ms
SLOWSLOW
>250 ms>250 ms

Power - XIXPower - XIX
(Adapted from Meszler & Váczi, 2019)(Adapted from Meszler & Váczi, 2019)
Why Are There Discrepancies in Plyometric Training Studies?Why Are There Discrepancies in Plyometric Training Studies?

Power - XXPower - XX
●
HH
Reactive Strength Index Modified and Flight Time:Contraction TimeReactive Strength Index Modified and Flight Time:Contraction Time
CMJ Arm SwingCMJ Arm Swing versusversus CMJ Non-Arm SwingCMJ Non-Arm Swing

Power - XXIPower - XXI
●
HH
(Adapted from Lépori, 2020)(Adapted from Lépori, 2020)
Types of Jumps and Mechanical StressTypes of Jumps and Mechanical Stress

Power - XXIIPower - XXII
●
HH
(Chalitsios et al, 2019)(Chalitsios et al, 2019)
Jump Performance Characteristics (CMJ) – Part 01Jump Performance Characteristics (CMJ) – Part 01
ELITE PLAYERS: BasketballELITE PLAYERS: Basketball versusversus SoccerSoccer
BASKETBALL PLAYERSBASKETBALL PLAYERS SOCCER PLAYERSSOCCER PLAYERS

Power - XXIIIPower - XXIII
●
HH
(Adapted from Chalitsios et al, 2019)(Adapted from Chalitsios et al, 2019)
- The characteristics of GRFv during CMJ can- The characteristics of GRFv during CMJ can
discriminate athletes according to the specificity of the sport.discriminate athletes according to the specificity of the sport.
- Basketball players produce high values of RFD davg and ∆t.- Basketball players produce high values of RFD davg and ∆t.
- Soccer players show high values of IMPu and Sbcm-min.- Soccer players show high values of IMPu and Sbcm-min.
- The jumps used by basketball players in training- The jumps used by basketball players in training
and competitions are not maximum (they depend onand competitions are not maximum (they depend on
the reaction before the opponent).the reaction before the opponent).

Power - XXIVPower - XXIV
●
HH
(Adapted from Chalitsios et al, 2019)(Adapted from Chalitsios et al, 2019)
BASKETBALL:BASKETBALL:
The jumps performed are fast without countermovementThe jumps performed are fast without countermovement
and depend on the force production of the plantar ankle flexorsand depend on the force production of the plantar ankle flexors
SOCCER:SOCCER:
The jumps performed are maximum andThe jumps performed are maximum and
depend mainly on the activation of the knee and hip flexors.depend mainly on the activation of the knee and hip flexors.
versusversus

Power - XXVPower - XXV
●
HH
(Adapted from Fort-Vanmeerhaeghe et al, 2015)(Adapted from Fort-Vanmeerhaeghe et al, 2015)
Methods for Determining the Leg for the JumpMethods for Determining the Leg for the Jump

Power - XXVIPower - XXVI
●
HH
(Rice et al, 2016)(Rice et al, 2016)
Rate of Power Development (RPD) - IRate of Power Development (RPD) - I
CMJ Force–Time Curve ModelCMJ Force–Time Curve Model CMJ Power–Time Curve ModelCMJ Power–Time Curve Model
AA BB

Power - XXVIIPower - XXVII
●
HH
Rate of Power Development (RPD) – IIRate of Power Development (RPD) – II
Comparison Between Male and Female Basketball PlayersComparison Between Male and Female Basketball Players
AA AA
BB BB

Power - XVIIIPower - XVIII
●
HH
●
●
RFD, RPD, relative peak power and workRFD, RPD, relative peak power and work are not significantare not significant
between genders;between genders;
●
Significant differences are found inSignificant differences are found in the absolute concentricthe absolute concentric
impulseimpulse, but not when analyzed by relative body mass;, but not when analyzed by relative body mass;
●
Male players had significantlyMale players had significantly greater impulse during thegreater impulse during the
eccentric phase and peak powereccentric phase and peak power during the concentric phaseduring the concentric phase
of the CMJ (absolute and relative)of the CMJ (absolute and relative)
Rate of Power Development (RPD) – IIIRate of Power Development (RPD) – III
Comparison Between Male and Female Basketball PlayersComparison Between Male and Female Basketball Players

Power - XXIXPower - XXIX
●
HH
(Adapted from Ferioli et al, 2018)(Adapted from Ferioli et al, 2018)
Power and Change of DirectionPower and Change of Direction
- The basketball player's ability to perform changes of direction- The basketball player's ability to perform changes of direction
is directly affected by the strength and power of the lower limbs.is directly affected by the strength and power of the lower limbs.
- Exercises involving changes of direction discriminate- Exercises involving changes of direction discriminate
between professional and non-professional players.between professional and non-professional players.
- Basketball players in higher divisions (Division I and II) have- Basketball players in higher divisions (Division I and II) have
better PTmax values of the knee extensorsbetter PTmax values of the knee extensors
compared to players of lower levels (divisions III and IV).compared to players of lower levels (divisions III and IV).
- Players in division III and IV show high levels of fatigue- Players in division III and IV show high levels of fatigue
in COD exercises when compared to players in divisions I and II.in COD exercises when compared to players in divisions I and II.

Power - XXXPower - XXX
●
HH
(Adapted from Cherni et al, 2019)(Adapted from Cherni et al, 2019)
Effects of Plyometric Training on Changes of Direction –Effects of Plyometric Training on Changes of Direction – (8 weeks)(8 weeks)
(n=25 national-level female basketball players)(n=25 national-level female basketball players)

Power - XXXIPower - XXXI
●
HH
What is the Ideal Surface Type for Plyometric Training?What is the Ideal Surface Type for Plyometric Training?
- Hardwood- Hardwood
- Sand- Sand
- Concrete- Concrete
- Rubber- Rubber
- Hard Plastic- Hard Plastic - EVA- EVA
- Hard Maple- Hard Maple - Other- Other

Power - XXXIIPower - XXXII
●
HH
(Adapted from Bruce et al, 2019)(Adapted from Bruce et al, 2019)
Landing of Jumps: Shoe and Court SurfacesLanding of Jumps: Shoe and Court Surfaces

Power - XXXIIIPower - XXXIII
●
HH
(Adapted from Ozen et al, 2019)(Adapted from Ozen et al, 2019)
Plyometric Training on Two Different Types of SurfacePlyometric Training on Two Different Types of Surface
(6 weeks, 3 times per week)(6 weeks, 3 times per week)

Power - XXXIVPower - XXXIV
●
HH
(Adapted from Bruce et al, 2019)(Adapted from Bruce et al, 2019)
Five CMJs on Three Different Types of Surface and ShoeFive CMJs on Three Different Types of Surface and Shoe
(n=29 male college basketball players)(n=29 male college basketball players)

Power - XXXVPower - XXXV
●
HH
(Adapted from Boone & Bourgois, 2013)(Adapted from Boone & Bourgois, 2013)
Explosive Strength of the Lower Limbs by Playing PositionsExplosive Strength of the Lower Limbs by Playing Positions
(n=144 professional basketball players)(n=144 professional basketball players)

Power - XXXVIPower - XXXVI
●
HH
(Rodríguez-Rosell et al, 2017)(Rodríguez-Rosell et al, 2017)
Traditional vs. Specific Vertical Jump Tests - ITraditional vs. Specific Vertical Jump Tests - I
Run-Up with 2 Legs or 1 Leg Take-Off JumpRun-Up with 2 Legs or 1 Leg Take-Off Jump

Power - XXXVIIPower - XXXVII
●
HH
(Adapted from Rodríguez-Rosell et al, 2017)(Adapted from Rodríguez-Rosell et al, 2017)
Traditional vs. Specific Vertical Jump Tests - IITraditional vs. Specific Vertical Jump Tests - II

Power - XXXVIIIPower - XXXVIII
●
HH
●
High ICC=0.969 - 0.995High ICC=0.969 - 0.995
●
Low CV=1.54% – 4.82%Low CV=1.54% – 4.82%
●
Significantly Correlated r=0.580 – 0.983Significantly Correlated r=0.580 – 0.983
(Rodríguez-Rosell et al, 2017)(Rodríguez-Rosell et al, 2017)
Traditional vs. Specific Vertical Jump Tests - IIITraditional vs. Specific Vertical Jump Tests - III
All jumps analyzed:All jumps analyzed:

Power - XXXIXPower - XXXIX
●
HH
(Adapted from Luna et al, 2020)(Adapted from Luna et al, 2020)
Comparing the Vertical Rebound Jump PerformanceComparing the Vertical Rebound Jump Performance
(Hurdle Jump(Hurdle Jump versusversus Drop Jump)Drop Jump)

Power - XLPower - XL
●
HH
(Adapted from Sukhiyaji & Saravanan, 2019)(Adapted from Sukhiyaji & Saravanan, 2019)
Two Types of Training Programs on Vertical Jump HeightTwo Types of Training Programs on Vertical Jump Height
(Plyometric Training(Plyometric Training vs.vs. BLR + Strength Training) – 6w - 3 times per weekBLR + Strength Training) – 6w - 3 times per week

Power - XLIPower - XLI
●
HH
(Adapted from Shaji & Isha, 2009)(Adapted from Shaji & Isha, 2009)
Three Types of Training Programs on Vertical Jump PerformanceThree Types of Training Programs on Vertical Jump Performance
(Dynamic Stretching vs. Plyometric Training vs. Mixed Training) – 4 w 2 times per week(Dynamic Stretching vs. Plyometric Training vs. Mixed Training) – 4 w 2 times per week

Power - XLIIPower - XLII
●
HH
(Adapted from Leite et al, 2012)(Adapted from Leite et al, 2012)
Explosive Strength of Upper LimbsExplosive Strength of Upper Limbs
(34 ST sessions, 20 games, 78 TT sessions – 19 microcycles)(34 ST sessions, 20 games, 78 TT sessions – 19 microcycles)

Power - XLIIIPower - XLIII
●
HH
The Importance of Balance TrainingThe Importance of Balance Training

Power - XLIVPower - XLIV
●
HH
Effects of a Combined Balance and Plyometric ProgramEffects of a Combined Balance and Plyometric Program
(n=26 youth female players) - 8 weeks, 2 times per week(n=26 youth female players) - 8 weeks, 2 times per week

Power - XLVPower - XLV
●
HH
(Adapted fro Khalifa et al, 2010)(Adapted fro Khalifa et al, 2010)
Effects of Plyometric Training with Additional LoadEffects of Plyometric Training with Additional Load
The addition of load to the dynamic exercise producesThe addition of load to the dynamic exercise produces
acute benefits in explosive performance.acute benefits in explosive performance.
An overload of 10-11% of body mass in plyometric trainingAn overload of 10-11% of body mass in plyometric training
produces an advantage when compared to only plyometricproduces an advantage when compared to only plyometric
training with body weight.training with body weight.
A plyometric protocol with additional load of short durationA plyometric protocol with additional load of short duration
can produce improvements in vertical jump as a consequencecan produce improvements in vertical jump as a consequence
of long-term training and basketball matches.of long-term training and basketball matches.

Power - XLVIPower - XLVI
●
HH
(Adapted fro Khalifa et al, 2010)(Adapted fro Khalifa et al, 2010)
Plyometric Training – With and Without Added LoadPlyometric Training – With and Without Added Load
(10 weeks, 3 times per week – elite male basketball players)(10 weeks, 3 times per week – elite male basketball players)
Using weighted vests of 10–11% of body massUsing weighted vests of 10–11% of body mass

Power - XLVIIPower - XLVII
●
HH
(Adapted from Aksović et al, 2019)(Adapted from Aksović et al, 2019)
Effects of Plyometric Training on Sprint Abilities - IEffects of Plyometric Training on Sprint Abilities - I

Power - XLVIIIPower - XLVIII
●
HH
(Adapted from Aksović et al, 2019)(Adapted from Aksović et al, 2019)
Effects of Plyometric Training on Sprint Abilities - IIEffects of Plyometric Training on Sprint Abilities - II
(n= 33 youth basketball players) - 10 weeks, 2 times per week(n= 33 youth basketball players) - 10 weeks, 2 times per week

Power - XLIXPower - XLIX
●
HH
(Adapted from Torres-Luque et al, 2016)(Adapted from Torres-Luque et al, 2016)
Explosive Strength in Different Age GroupsExplosive Strength in Different Age Groups
(youth male basketball players)(youth male basketball players)

Power - LPower - L
●
HH
(Adapted from Gebrin & Oiveira, 2006)(Adapted from Gebrin & Oiveira, 2006)
Quantification of Jumps by Playing PositionsQuantification of Jumps by Playing Positions
(n=03 male basketball players )(n=03 male basketball players )

Power - LIPower - LI
●
HH
(Adapted from Svillar, 2018)(Adapted from Svillar, 2018)
Quantification of Jumps by Playing Positions During TrainingQuantification of Jumps by Playing Positions During Training
(n=13 male elite basketball players – 300 observations )(n=13 male elite basketball players – 300 observations )

Power - LIIPower - LII
●
HH
Total Jumps per Session During Pre-SeasonTotal Jumps per Session During Pre-Season
(n=14 male basketball players - NCAA Division I)(n=14 male basketball players - NCAA Division I)

Power - LIIIPower - LIII
●
HH
(Adapted from Ramachandran & Pradhan, 2014)(Adapted from Ramachandran & Pradhan, 2014)
Short-Term Plyometric Program – (2 weeks 3 times per week)Short-Term Plyometric Program – (2 weeks 3 times per week)
(n=30 professional basketball players)(n=30 professional basketball players)

Power - LIVPower - LIV
●
HH
(Adapted from Hernández et al, 2018)(Adapted from Hernández et al, 2018)
Plyometric TrainingPlyometric Training
RandomizedRandomized versusversus Non-Randomized ProtocolsNon-Randomized Protocols
- To optimize plyometric training, it is important to understand- To optimize plyometric training, it is important to understand
the use of different schemes and their effects on performance.the use of different schemes and their effects on performance.
- The training variability consists of changing the order- The training variability consists of changing the order
of plyometric drills during sessions.of plyometric drills during sessions.
-- - Training variability is an important stimulus, especially- Training variability is an important stimulus, especially
when used in long-term training processes.when used in long-term training processes.
- The variability training applied in plyometrics can- The variability training applied in plyometrics can
improve the temporal sequence of muscle activationimprove the temporal sequence of muscle activation
and the rapid recruitment of fast motor units.and the rapid recruitment of fast motor units.

Power - LVPower - LV
●
HH
(Adapted from Hernández et al, 2018)(Adapted from Hernández et al, 2018)
Two Plyometric Protocols (RandomizedTwo Plyometric Protocols (Randomized vsvs. Non-Randomized). Non-Randomized)
(n=19 youth male basketball players) – 7 weeks, 2 times per week(n=19 youth male basketball players) – 7 weeks, 2 times per week

Power - LVIPower - LVI
●
HH
(Adapted from Struzik et al, 2014 ; McCormick, 2012)(Adapted from Struzik et al, 2014 ; McCormick, 2012)
Landing TechniquesLanding Techniques
SOFTSOFT
Landing TecniqueLanding Tecnique
HARDHARD
Landing TecniqueLanding Tecnique
MORE energy absorbedMORE energy absorbed
during impactduring impact
LESS energy absorbedLESS energy absorbed
during impactduring impact
ABSORTIVEABSORTIVE
LandingLanding
STIFFSTIFF
LandingLanding

Power - LVIIPower - LVII
●
HH
●
Players Reactive Index ProfilePlayers Reactive Index Profile
●
20cm, 40cm, 50cm drop height20cm, 40cm, 50cm drop height ******
(Adapted from Markwick et al, 2015)(Adapted from Markwick et al, 2015)
Reactive Strength Index (RSI)Reactive Strength Index (RSI)
Drop Jump TestDrop Jump Test
RSI=flight time (ms)RSI=flight time (ms) contact time (ms)contact time (ms)

Power - LVIIIPower - LVIII
●
HH
(Adapted from Del-Fresno et al, 2012 ; Márquez et al, 2017)(Adapted from Del-Fresno et al, 2012 ; Márquez et al, 2017)
Single-Leg JumpSingle-Leg Jump
Single-LegSingle-Leg
Jump and LandingJump and Landing
Body StabilityBody Stability
Muscle PowerMuscle Power VerticalHorizontalVerticalHorizontal
GroundGround
Reaction ForceReaction Force
Muscle StrengthMuscle Strength
NeuromotorNeuromotor
StiffnessStiffness

Power - LIXPower - LIX
●
HH
(Adapted from Hewit et al, 2012)(Adapted from Hewit et al, 2012)
MULTI-DIRECTIONALMULTI-DIRECTIONAL
VerticalVertical HorizontalHorizontal LateralLateral
Asymmetry in Jumping TasksAsymmetry in Jumping Tasks

Power - LXPower - LX
●
HH
●
Dominant LegDominant Leg versusversus Non-Dominant LegNon-Dominant Leg
●
More Skillfull LegMore Skillfull Leg versusversus Less Skillfull LegLess Skillfull Leg ****

Power - LXIPower - LXI
●
HH
(Adapted from Radjo et al, 2013)(Adapted from Radjo et al, 2013)
(n=68 youth basketball players - Isokinetic dynamometry at speed 60°s(n=68 youth basketball players - Isokinetic dynamometry at speed 60°s))

Power - LXIIPower - LXII
●
HH
(n=29 youth female basketball players)(n=29 youth female basketball players)

Power - LXIIIPower - LXIII
●
HH
((Adapted from Fort-Vanmeerhaeghe et al, 2015)((Adapted from Fort-Vanmeerhaeghe et al, 2015)

Power - LXIVPower - LXIV
●
HH
(Adapted from Freitas et al, 2019)(Adapted from Freitas et al, 2019)
Some Characteristics of Complex TrainingSome Characteristics of Complex Training

Power - LXVPower - LXV
●
HH
(Adapted from Freitas et al, 2018)(Adapted from Freitas et al, 2018)
Optimal Load TrainingOptimal Load Training versusversus Modified Complex TrainingModified Complex Training
(n=18 male semi-professional basketball players) – 6w 4 times per week(n=18 male semi-professional basketball players) – 6w 4 times per week

Power - LXVIPower - LXVI
●
HH
(Adapted from Roman et al, 2017)(Adapted from Roman et al, 2017)
Effects of Contrast Training Program on PerformanceEffects of Contrast Training Program on Performance
(10 weeks, 2 times per week – Prepubertal basketball players)(10 weeks, 2 times per week – Prepubertal basketball players)

Power - LXVIIPower - LXVII
●
HH
(Adapted from Pozarowszczyk et al, 2018)(Adapted from Pozarowszczyk et al, 2018)

Power - LXVIIIPower - LXVIII
●
HH

Power - LXIXPower - LXIX
●
HH
(Adapted from Pozarowszczyk et al, 2018 ; Hoyt et al, 2019)(Adapted from Pozarowszczyk et al, 2018 ; Hoyt et al, 2019)

Power - LXXPower - LXX
●
HH
(Adapted from Pozarowszczyk et al, 2018 ; Sevilmis & Atalag, 2019)(Adapted from Pozarowszczyk et al, 2018 ; Sevilmis & Atalag, 2019)

Power - LXXIPower - LXXI
●
HH
(Hoyt et al, 2019(Hoyt et al, 2019))

Power - LXXIIPower - LXXII
●
HH
(Hoyt et al, 2019(Hoyt et al, 2019))

Power - LXXIIIPower - LXXIII
●
HH
(Adapted from Gepfert et al, 2020)(Adapted from Gepfert et al, 2020)
Two Modes ofTwo Modes of Post-Activation PotentiationPost-Activation Potentiation for Enhancing Speedfor Enhancing Speed
of the Slide-Step Movement in Basketball Players (Assistedof the Slide-Step Movement in Basketball Players (Assisted vs.vs. Resisted)Resisted)
(4x10-m with 5% of body mass external load – 1 min rest interval)(4x10-m with 5% of body mass external load – 1 min rest interval)

Power - LXXIVPower - LXXIV
●
HH
Measuring the Impact of PAP on AT Stiffness, Elasticity and ThicknessMeasuring the Impact of PAP on AT Stiffness, Elasticity and Thickness
((PAP PROTOCOL:PAP PROTOCOL: Squat at 60,70,80, 90 and 100% of 1RM)Squat at 60,70,80, 90 and 100% of 1RM)
(n=12 male basketball players - Division I Polish League)(n=12 male basketball players - Division I Polish League)

Power - LXXVPower - LXXV
●
HH
●
~ 652 COD movements occur in matches;~ 652 COD movements occur in matches;
●
Decelerations;Decelerations;
●
Landings;Landings;
●
Prevention of InjuriesPrevention of Injuries
(Adapted from Delextrat et al, 2012 ; Shelling & Torres-Ronda, 2016)(Adapted from Delextrat et al, 2012 ; Shelling & Torres-Ronda, 2016)
Eccentric TrainingEccentric Training

Power - LXXVIPower - LXXVI
●
HH
(Adapted from Brien et al, 2020)(Adapted from Brien et al, 2020)
Two Different Types of Eccentric Overload TrainingTwo Different Types of Eccentric Overload Training
(Flywheel Inertial Training(Flywheel Inertial Training versusversus Tempo Eccentric Training)Tempo Eccentric Training)

Power - LXXVIIPower - LXXVII
(Adapted from Half & Nimphius, 2012 ; Loturco, 2015 ; Freitas. 2019(Adapted from Half & Nimphius, 2012 ; Loturco, 2015 ; Freitas. 2019))
““Optimum Power Load”Optimum Power Load”
PowerPower
EnduranceEndurance
PowerPower
MaximumMaximum
StrengthStrength
Rate of ForceRate of Force
Development (RFD)Development (RFD)
Stretching-ShorteningStretching-Shortening
Cycle (SSC)Cycle (SSC)

Power - LXXVIIIPower - LXXVIII
●
HH
Type ofType of
StrengthStrength
(%1RM)(%1RM)
PausePause
betweenbetween
setssets
PausePause
betweenbetween
repsreps
PowerPower 3-53-5 4-64-6 30-8530-85 2-4 min2-4 min 40-90 s40-90 s

Power Endurance - IPower Endurance - I
(Adapted from Vretaros, 2015)(Adapted from Vretaros, 2015)
Power endurance is characterized by seeking toPower endurance is characterized by seeking to maintainmaintain
power levels for extended periods of time.power levels for extended periods of time.
Power endurance would allow the basketball playerPower endurance would allow the basketball player
toto perform his motor actions for long periods withoutperform his motor actions for long periods without
the negative interference of fatigue.the negative interference of fatigue.

Power Endurance - IIPower Endurance - II
PowerPower
EnduranceEndurance
The parabolic shape of the P-v relationshipThe parabolic shape of the P-v relationship
A change in RFv at a matched %PmaxA change in RFv at a matched %Pmax
Power ReservePower Reserve

Power Endurance - IIIPower Endurance - III
PowerPower
EnduranceEndurance
A given percentage of maximal forceA given percentage of maximal force
The same movement velocityThe same movement velocity
The same resistive forceThe same resistive force
per bodyweightper bodyweight
““FATIGABILITY”FATIGABILITY”

Power Endurance - IVPower Endurance - IV
FirstFirst
QuarterQuarter
SecondSecond
QuarterQuarter
ThirdThird
QuarterQuarter
FourthFourth
QuarterQuarter
Jump Height:Jump Height:
53,0 cm **53,0 cm **
Jump Height:Jump Height:
46,0 cm **46,0 cm **
FATIGUEFATIGUE
53,0 cm **53,0 cm **
Power EndurancePower Endurance
TrainingTraining
50,0 cm **50,0 cm **

Power Endurance - VPower Endurance - V
●
HH
(Adapted from Hespanhol et al, 2007)(Adapted from Hespanhol et al, 2007)
ANALYZED VARIABLES:ANALYZED VARIABLES:
Power Peak, Mean Power, and Fatigue IndexPower Peak, Mean Power, and Fatigue Index
CJ-60CJ-60
IJ4x15IJ4x15
Continous Jump TestContinous Jump Test
of 60 seconds usingof 60 seconds using
CMJCMJ
Intermittent Jump TestIntermittent Jump Test
of 4 sets of 15 secondsof 4 sets of 15 seconds
with 10 seconds intervalwith 10 seconds interval
using CMJusing CMJ

Power Endurance - VIPower Endurance - VI
●
HH
(Adapted from Cheng et al, 2003)(Adapted from Cheng et al, 2003)
Effects of Plyometric Training on Power and Power-EnduranceEffects of Plyometric Training on Power and Power-Endurance
(n=20 male basketbal players)(n=20 male basketbal players)

Power Endurance - VIIPower Endurance - VII
●
HH
(Adapted from Naharudin & Yusef, 2013 ; Schuster et al, 2020)(Adapted from Naharudin & Yusef, 2013 ; Schuster et al, 2020)
Calculating Fatigue Index in Jump TestsCalculating Fatigue Index in Jump Tests
Fatigue Index (%)= (T-highest – T-lowestT-highest) x 100Fatigue Index (%)= (T-highest – T-lowestT-highest) x 100
AttemptAttempt CMJ Test (cm)CMJ Test (cm)
0101 41,041,0
0202 43.543.5
0303 42.742.7
0404 39.839.8
Mean:Mean: 41.741.7
Fatigue Index=Fatigue Index=
8,50%8,50%

Power Endurance - VIIIPower Endurance - VIII
●
HH
Type ofType of
StrengthStrength
(%1RM)(%1RM)
PausePause
betweenbetween
setssets
PausePause
betweenbetween
repsreps
PowerPower
EnduranceEndurance
2-42-4 10-1510-15 30-5530-55 2-3 min2-3 min 30-60 s30-60 s

Velocity-Based Training - I
●
(Adapted from Weakley et al, 2020)(Adapted from Weakley et al, 2020)
VBT is the use of exercise velocity to inform and prescribeVBT is the use of exercise velocity to inform and prescribe
strength training (load, sets, number of repetitions).strength training (load, sets, number of repetitions).

Velocity-Based Training - II
●
Mean Velocity - (MV)Mean Velocity - (MV)
●
Peak Velocity - (PV)Peak Velocity - (PV)
●
Mean Propulsive Velocity - (MPV)Mean Propulsive Velocity - (MPV)
(Adapted from Weakley et al, 2020)(Adapted from Weakley et al, 2020)
Velocity VariablesVelocity Variables

Velocity-Based Training - III
1)-1)- Instantaneous feedback for acute performance;Instantaneous feedback for acute performance;
2)-2)- Prescribe velocities for training;Prescribe velocities for training;
3)-3)- Measure concentric bar velocity;Measure concentric bar velocity;
4)-4)- Assessing neuromuscular adaptations with velocity;Assessing neuromuscular adaptations with velocity;
5)-5)- Monitor changes in fitness and fatigue;Monitor changes in fitness and fatigue;
6)-6)- Determining the minimum velocity threshold;Determining the minimum velocity threshold;
7)-7)- Individualized load-velocity profile (normal variationIndividualized load-velocity profile (normal variation vs.vs.
legitimate fluctuations);legitimate fluctuations);
8)-8)- Important to design effective training programsImportant to design effective training programs
((Adapted from Weakley et al, 2020)Adapted from Weakley et al, 2020)

Velocity-Based Training - IV
●
HH
((Adapted from Weakley et al, 2020)Adapted from Weakley et al, 2020)
Velocity LossVelocity Loss
ThresholdThreshold
IntensityIntensity VolumeVolume
InternalInternal
ResponseResponse
FatigueFatigue
ResponseResponse
Velocity-Based TrainingVelocity-Based Training
(Monitoring Variables)(Monitoring Variables)
Feedback ofFeedback of
Kinematic OutptsKinematic Outpts
IndividualizedIndividualized
L-V ProfileL-V Profile

Velocity-Based Training - V
●
HH
(Adapted from Carroll & Wagle, 2016)(Adapted from Carroll & Wagle, 2016)
Comparing the Effects of Squat Strength to MeanComparing the Effects of Squat Strength to Mean
Concentric Bar Velocity at 1RMConcentric Bar Velocity at 1RM
(n=21 male basketball players – NCAA Division-I)(n=21 male basketball players – NCAA Division-I)
EFFECT SIZE:EFFECT SIZE:
StrongStrong vs.vs. Weak – d=2.59 (very large effect)Weak – d=2.59 (very large effect)
ModerateModerate vs.vs. Weak – d=2.14 (very large effect)Weak – d=2.14 (very large effect)
StrongStrong vs.vs. Moderate – d=0.11 (trivial effect)Moderate – d=0.11 (trivial effect)

Velocity-Based Training - VI
●
HH
Example of Training Sessions Using VBT in BasketballExample of Training Sessions Using VBT in Basketball
MICROCYCLEMICROCYCLE SQUATSQUAT CMJCMJ
0101 3 sets * 1ms (60% 1RM) (-10%)3 sets * 1ms (60% 1RM) (-10%) 3 * 5 @ 1.2ms (30cm)3 * 5 @ 1.2ms (30cm)
0202 4 sets * 1ms (60% 1RM) (-10%)4 sets * 1ms (60% 1RM) (-10%) 4 * 5 @ 1.2ms (30cm)4 * 5 @ 1.2ms (30cm)
0303 3 sets * 0.92ms (65% 1RM) (-11%)3 sets * 0.92ms (65% 1RM) (-11%) 3 * 4 @ 1.1ms (25 cm)3 * 4 @ 1.1ms (25 cm)
0404 4 sets * 0.92ms (65% 1RM) (-11%)4 sets * 0.92ms (65% 1RM) (-11%) 4 * 4 @ 1.1ms (25cm)4 * 4 @ 1.1ms (25cm)

Selection and Progression of Exercises
SimpleSimple
GeneralGeneral
ComplexComplex
SpecificSpecific

Movement Patterns
(Adapted from Boyle, 2018)(Adapted from Boyle, 2018)
- Push (Vertical and Horizontal)- Push (Vertical and Horizontal)
- Pull (Vertical and Horizontal)- Pull (Vertical and Horizontal)
- Hip Dominance- Hip Dominance
- KneeQuadriceps Dominance- KneeQuadriceps Dominance

Exercise Classification

General Recommendations
- Perform multi-joint exercises before single-joint exercises- Perform multi-joint exercises before single-joint exercises
- Perform large muscle groups before small muscle groups- Perform large muscle groups before small muscle groups
- Perform more complex exercises before less- Perform more complex exercises before less
complex exercisescomplex exercises
- Train high intensity exercises before low intensity exercises- Train high intensity exercises before low intensity exercises

Variables in Training Prescription
1)-1)- ExerciseExercise
2)-2)- SetsSets
3)-3)- RepetitionsRepetitions
4)-4)- The Resistance TypeThe Resistance Type
5)-5)- The Movement's Execution SpeedThe Movement's Execution Speed
6)-6)- Muscle Contraction RegimenMuscle Contraction Regimen
7)-7)- The Order of ExercisesThe Order of Exercises
8)-8)- The Rest Periods (sets and exercises)The Rest Periods (sets and exercises)
9)-9)- OtherOther
(Adapted from Baker, 2007 ; Ratamess, 2015)(Adapted from Baker, 2007 ; Ratamess, 2015)

Specific Training Stimulus
(Adapted from Weiss, 2017)(Adapted from Weiss, 2017)
NEGATIVENEGATIVE
EffectsEffects
POSITIVEPOSITIVE
EffectsEffects
- Functional Overreaching- Functional Overreaching
- Fitness- Fitness
- Performance Improvement- Performance Improvement
- Etc- Etc
- Non-Functional Overreaching- Non-Functional Overreaching
- Fatigue- Fatigue
- Overtraining Syndrome- Overtraining Syndrome
- Injuries- Injuries
- Etc- Etc

Positions During Exercises
●
SupineSupine
●
SittingSitting
●
KneelingKneeling
●
Semi-KneelingSemi-Kneeling
●
StandingStanding
●
DisplacementDisplacement

Stability and Mobility
(Adapted from Liebenson, 2017 ; Boyle, 2018)(Adapted from Liebenson, 2017 ; Boyle, 2018)
Understanding the Joint by Joint ApproachUnderstanding the Joint by Joint Approach

Tempo Technique
(Adapted from Krzysztofik et al, 2019)(Adapted from Krzysztofik et al, 2019)
Four DigitsFour Digits
(3010)(3010)
(3010)(3010)
(eccentrictransitionconcentrictransition)(eccentrictransitionconcentrictransition)
FASTERFASTER
Movement TempoMovement Tempo
SLOWERSLOWER
Movement TempoMovement Tempo
Example:Example:
(2020)(2020)
Example:Example:
(6020)(6020)

The Relationship Between Repetitions and
Sets
(Adapted from Poliquin, 1997)(Adapted from Poliquin, 1997)

Core Training - I
●
Power HousePower House
●
Serape Effect (diagonal patterns)Serape Effect (diagonal patterns)
(Santana, 2003 ; Santana et al, 2015)(Santana, 2003 ; Santana et al, 2015)

Core Training - II
●
●
Core StrengthCore Strength
●
Core EnduranceCore Endurance
●
Core StabilityCore Stability
(Saeterbakken et al, 2015)(Saeterbakken et al, 2015)
CORE TRAINING:CORE TRAINING:

Core Training - III
●
aa
(Adapted from Xie et al, 2014)(Adapted from Xie et al, 2014)
The Importance of Core Strength TrainingThe Importance of Core Strength Training

Core Training - IV
ww
(Adapted from Vallés Ortega, 2017)(Adapted from Vallés Ortega, 2017)
Effects of Central Stability Program – Case StudyEffects of Central Stability Program – Case Study
(n=01 professional basketball player)(n=01 professional basketball player)

Core Training - V
●
aa
(Adapted from Carvalho et al, 2011)(Adapted from Carvalho et al, 2011)
Effects of Core Training on Physical PerformanceEffects of Core Training on Physical Performance
(n=24 youth female basketball players)(n=24 youth female basketball players)

Core Training - VI
●
Anti-RotationAnti-Rotation
●
Anti-ExtensionAnti-Extension
●
Anti-FlexionAnti-Flexion
●
Anti-Lateral FlexionAnti-Lateral Flexion
(Boyle, 2015 ; Boyle, 2018)(Boyle, 2015 ; Boyle, 2018)

Core Training - VII
(Adapted from Worobel, 2020)(Adapted from Worobel, 2020)
Factors Responsible for Trunk StabilityFactors Responsible for Trunk Stability

Periodization - I
- Periodization is an adaptable tool in which, by means of a- Periodization is an adaptable tool in which, by means of a
systematic and planned approach, monitors thesystematic and planned approach, monitors the
volume and load for optimal performance gains.volume and load for optimal performance gains.
- The main objective of periodization is to induce the athlete- The main objective of periodization is to induce the athlete
to peak performance, avoiding stagnation and detraining into peak performance, avoiding stagnation and detraining in
performance and minimizing the risk of overtraining.performance and minimizing the risk of overtraining.
- Periodization monitors individual tolerance to imposed loads- Periodization monitors individual tolerance to imposed loads
and controls their recovery.and controls their recovery.
- An appropriate development of the player's strength and power- An appropriate development of the player's strength and power
during the season can be obtained through aduring the season can be obtained through a
properly periodized program.properly periodized program.

Periodization - II
Strength PeriodizationStrength Periodization
in Basketballin Basketball
LinearLinear
(Pires et al, 2017)(Pires et al, 2017)
UndulatingUndulating
(Fleck & Kraemer, 2017)(Fleck & Kraemer, 2017)
BlocksBlocks
(Alves, 2010)(Alves, 2010)
ConjugatedConjugated
(Issurin, 2010)(Issurin, 2010)

Periodization - III
Types ofTypes of
MicrocycleMicrocycle
ORDINARYORDINARY
(stimulating loads)(stimulating loads)
SHOCKSHOCK
(high physiological(high physiological
stress loads)stress loads)
STABILIZERSTABILIZER
(maintenance loads)(maintenance loads)
REGENERATIVEREGENERATIVE
(taper loads)(taper loads)

Periodization - IV
Load Variability in Each Microcycle - 1Load Variability in Each Microcycle - 1

Periodization - V

Periodization - VI

Periodization - VII

Periodization - VIII
EXTERNALEXTERNAL
LoadLoad
INTERNALINTERNAL
LoadLoad
- Volume- Volume
- Intensity- Intensity
- Density- Density
ComplexityComplexity
SUBJECTIVESUBJECTIVE::
- PSE- PSE
- Strain Index- Strain Index
- Monotony Index- Monotony Index
- Wellness- Wellness
QuestionnaireQuestionnaire
- Etc- Etc
OBJECTIVE:OBJECTIVE:
-Heart Rate-Heart Rate
- Blood Lactate- Blood Lactate
- CPK- CPK
- TC Ratio- TC Ratio
- Etc- Etc

Periodization - IX

Periodization - X
(Adapted from Foster et al, 2001 ; Costa et al, 2011)(Adapted from Foster et al, 2001 ; Costa et al, 2011)
Two Types of Perceived Effort Perception ScaleTwo Types of Perceived Effort Perception Scale

Periodization - XI
(Adapted from Gabbett, 2020)(Adapted from Gabbett, 2020)
Load Management - ILoad Management - I

Periodization - XII
(Adapted from Gabbett, 2020)(Adapted from Gabbett, 2020)
Load Management - IILoad Management - II

Periodization - XIII
(Adapted from Tibana et al, 2017)(Adapted from Tibana et al, 2017)
Load Management - IIILoad Management - III

Periodization - XIV
(Adapted from Svillar, 2018)(Adapted from Svillar, 2018)
The Relationship Between Dose and ResponseThe Relationship Between Dose and Response
BestBest
RESPONSERESPONSE
IdealIdeal
DOSEDOSE
- Optimal Improvement- Optimal Improvement
in Performancein Performance
- Training Stimuli- Training Stimuli
(psycho-physiological stress(psycho-physiological stress

Periodization - XV
The Relationship Between Training Load and InjuryThe Relationship Between Training Load and Injury
SPECIFICSPECIFIC
Workload RatiosWorkload Ratios
““sweet spot”:sweet spot”:
*** 1,0 – 1,5 ****** 1,0 – 1,5 ***
RESULTS:RESULTS:
- (≤0,5) – 1,5 times more injured players- (≤0,5) – 1,5 times more injured players
- (0,5 – 0,99) – 1,4 times more injured players- (0,5 – 0,99) – 1,4 times more injured players
- (≥1,5) – 1,7 times more injured players- (≥1,5) – 1,7 times more injured players
ACUTE LOADACUTE LOAD
CHRONIC LOADCHRONIC LOAD
The average current week s-RPEThe average current week s-RPE
training loadtraining load
The weekly average of training loadThe weekly average of training load
over the previous four weeksover the previous four weeks

Periodization - XVI
(Adapted from Mazon et al, 2018)(Adapted from Mazon et al, 2018)
Description of Strength Training During the MacrocycleDescription of Strength Training During the Macrocycle

Periodization - XVII
(Adapted from Rodrigues, 2014)(Adapted from Rodrigues, 2014)
Behavior of Monotony Index During a MacrocycleBehavior of Monotony Index During a Macrocycle
(52 training sessions – youth basketball players)(52 training sessions – youth basketball players)
WeeksWeeks

Periodization - XVIII
(Adapted from Moreno et al, 2015)(Adapted from Moreno et al, 2015)
Total Quality Recovery Scale (TQR Scale)Total Quality Recovery Scale (TQR Scale)

Strength and Injury Prevention - I
(Adapted from Lauersen et al, 2018)(Adapted from Lauersen et al, 2018)
- A functional strength training program can help- A functional strength training program can help
prevent acute and chronic musculoskeletal injuries.prevent acute and chronic musculoskeletal injuries.
- To prevent overuse injuries, strength training must- To prevent overuse injuries, strength training must
respect gradual tissue conditioning, appropriate movementrespect gradual tissue conditioning, appropriate movement
technique, and training variation.technique, and training variation.
- To prevent acute injuries, strengthening failure thresholds- To prevent acute injuries, strengthening failure thresholds
of relevant tissues should be considered, sufficient movementof relevant tissues should be considered, sufficient movement
technique and psychological preparedness.technique and psychological preparedness.
- Important aspects in a strength program for injury prevention:- Important aspects in a strength program for injury prevention:
incorporated technique familiarization, individualized progressionincorporated technique familiarization, individualized progression
and load calculations, goal-specific phases, periodization, programand load calculations, goal-specific phases, periodization, program
variability, rest times between sets, rest times between sessions,variability, rest times between sets, rest times between sessions,
exercise range of motion and execution speedexercise range of motion and execution speed..

Strength and Injury Prevention - II
PreventivePreventive
MulticomponentMulticomponent
ProgramProgram
Systematic ControlSystematic Control
of Training Loadsof Training Loads
RegenerativeRegenerative
StrategiesStrategies
Maintaining Health StatusMaintaining Health Status
Player Career LongevityPlayer Career Longevity

Fatigue - I
●
HH
(Adapted from Ortega et al, 2017)(Adapted from Ortega et al, 2017)
Initial Considerations About FatigueInitial Considerations About Fatigue

Fatigue - II
(Adapted from Freitas, 2019)(Adapted from Freitas, 2019)
CENTRALCENTRAL
FatigueFatigue
PHERIPHERALPHERIPHERAL
FatigueFatigue
FATIGUEFATIGUE
IN BASKETBALLIN BASKETBALL
““task-dependent”task-dependent”
phenomenonphenomenon

Fatigue - III
●
HH
(Adapted from Edwards et al, 2018)(Adapted from Edwards et al, 2018)
FATIGUEFATIGUE
PERCEIVEDPERCEIVED
FatigueFatigue
PERFORMANCEPERFORMANCE
FatigueFatigue
PHYSIOLOGICALPHYSIOLOGICAL
- Heart Rate- Heart Rate
- Blood Lactate- Blood Lactate
- Testosterone- Testosterone
- Cortisol- Cortisol
- TC Ratio- TC Ratio
- Creatine Kinase- Creatine Kinase
- Hydration- Hydration
PSYCHOLOGICALPSYCHOLOGICAL
- Wellness- Wellness
- Mood- Mood
- Soreness- Soreness
- Motivation- Motivation
CONTRACTILECONTRACTILE
FUNCTIONFUNCTION
- Force Capacity- Force Capacity
MUSCLEMUSCLE
ACTIVATIONACTIVATION
- Neuromuscular- Neuromuscular
PropagationPropagation
- Voluntary- Voluntary
ActivationActivation

Fatigue - IV
(Adapted from Edwards et al, 2018)(Adapted from Edwards et al, 2018)
PERCEIVEDPERCEIVED
FatigabilityFatigability
PERFORMANCEPERFORMANCE
FatigabilityFatigability
- Maintenance of homeostasis- Maintenance of homeostasis
and the subjectiveand the subjective
psychological statepsychological state
of the playersof the players
- Decline in objective performance- Decline in objective performance
of the activation capacity of theof the activation capacity of the
central nervous system andcentral nervous system and
contractile properties of the musclescontractile properties of the muscles

Fatigue - V
●
SS
(Adapted from Freitas, 2019)(Adapted from Freitas, 2019)
Acute Effects of Fatigue on Maximum Strength and PowerAcute Effects of Fatigue on Maximum Strength and Power

Fatigue - VI
aa
(Adapted from Tibana et al, 2017)(Adapted from Tibana et al, 2017)
Continuum of FatigueContinuum of Fatigue

Detraining - I
●
HH
(Adapted from Mujika & Padilla, 2000 ; Santos & Janeira, 2009)(Adapted from Mujika & Padilla, 2000 ; Santos & Janeira, 2009)
Initial Considerations About DetrainingInitial Considerations About Detraining
- The partial or complete loss of adaptations produced- The partial or complete loss of adaptations produced
by training due to insufficient stimuli is called detraining.by training due to insufficient stimuli is called detraining.
- Detraining can generate negative effects of reversibility- Detraining can generate negative effects of reversibility
in strength that affect enzymatic activities, mitochondrialin strength that affect enzymatic activities, mitochondrial
ATP production, hormonal parameters and significantATP production, hormonal parameters and significant
reductions in acquired strength and power gains.reductions in acquired strength and power gains.
- In basketball players, explosive strength levels can be- In basketball players, explosive strength levels can be
maintained during detraining if intensity is seen as themaintained during detraining if intensity is seen as the
main retention factor, regardless of the reduction inmain retention factor, regardless of the reduction in
training frequency and volume.training frequency and volume.

Detraining - II
●
HH
(Adapted from Bosquet et al, 2013)(Adapted from Bosquet et al, 2013)
Factors of Detraining on Muscle PerformanceFactors of Detraining on Muscle Performance
CENTRALCENTRAL
FactorsFactors
PERIPHERALPERIPHERAL
FactorsFactors
- Motor unit recruitment and- Motor unit recruitment and
synchronization,synchronization,
firing frequency, andfiring frequency, and
intermuscular coordinationintermuscular coordination
- Muscle fiber type, architecture,- Muscle fiber type, architecture,
and tendon propertiesand tendon properties

Detraining - III
●
HH
(Adapted from Santos & Janeira, 2009)(Adapted from Santos & Janeira, 2009)
Effects of Reduced Training and Detraining on Explosive StrengthEffects of Reduced Training and Detraining on Explosive Strength
(After 10 weeks of Complex Training) – Youth Basketball Players(After 10 weeks of Complex Training) – Youth Basketball Players

Final Considerations - I
●
Modern basketball requiresModern basketball requires functional strength training tofunctional strength training to
improve athletic performance and reduce injuriesimprove athletic performance and reduce injuries toto
players;players;
●
Periodization and management of training loadsPeriodization and management of training loads is vital atis vital at
all times of the season;all times of the season;
●
RespectingRespecting the specificity of the sport, the biologicalthe specificity of the sport, the biological
individuality of the player and his playing positionindividuality of the player and his playing position on theon the
court can determine success in a strength trainingcourt can determine success in a strength training
programprogram

Final Considerations - II
●
THANKS!!!THANKS!!!
●
FACEBOOK:FACEBOOK: adrianovretaros01adrianovretaros01
●
TWITTER:TWITTER: @adrianovretaros@adrianovretaros
●
INSTAGRAM:INSTAGRAM: @adrianovretaros@adrianovretaros
●
E-Mail:E-Mail: avretaros@gmail.comavretaros@gmail.com

Basketball: Scientific Basis of Strength Training

Recommended

Recommended

More Related Content

What's hot

What's hot (20)

Similar to Basketball: Scientific Basis of Strength Training

Similar to Basketball: Scientific Basis of Strength Training (20)

More from Adriano Vretaros

More from Adriano Vretaros (11)

Recently uploaded

Recently uploaded (20)

Basketball: Scientific Basis of Strength Training