The document summarizes research on improving network lifetime in wireless sensor networks through techniques like multiple sink positioning and relocation. It first provides background on wireless sensor networks and their components. It then discusses how clustering sensor nodes and using multiple mobile sink nodes can help balance energy load and prolong network lifetime. Several existing studies that propose algorithms and schemes for optimally positioning and moving sink nodes are reviewed. The document concludes by introducing two new coordinated multiple mobile sink algorithms, MSMA and PMA, that aim to further improve network lifetime performance.
Wireless sensor network is emerging field because of its wide applications. It is a wireless network which subsist a group of small sensor nodes which communicate through radio interface. These sensor nodes are composed of sensing, computation, communication and power as four basic elements. Many routing, power management, and data dissemination protocols have been specifically designed for WSNs where energy awareness is an essential design issue. But limited energy, communication capability, storage and bandwidth are the main resource constraints. The network should have self-organizing capabilities as the positions of individual nodes are not predetermined. The flexibility, fault tolerance, high sensing fidelity, low cost, and rapid deployment characteristics of sensor networks create many new and exciting application areas for remote sensing. Our survey is based on various aspects of routing protocols in wireless sensor networks.
IRJET- Energy Efficient Protocol in Wireless Sensor NetworkIRJET Journal
This document summarizes an academic paper that proposes an energy efficient protocol for wireless sensor networks. It begins with an introduction to wireless sensor networks and some of the key challenges, particularly limited energy. It then reviews an existing protocol called LEACH (Low Energy Adaptive Clustering Hierarchy) that aims to distribute energy use among sensor nodes. However, LEACH may not distribute energy optimally if nodes have different starting energy levels. The paper proposes using DEEC (Distributed Energy-Efficient Clustering), which aims to improve network lifetime by more evenly distributing energy use among nodes, regardless of their initial energy levels.
This document discusses energy efficiency in wireless sensor networks. It begins by introducing wireless sensor networks and some of their key applications. It then discusses several clustering-based energy efficiency protocols, including LEACH, HEED, TEEN, and EBC. These protocols aim to reduce energy consumption by organizing sensor nodes into clusters, with cluster heads responsible for aggregating and transmitting data from cluster members. The document also reviews related work on clustering algorithms and energy efficiency in wireless sensor networks. It discusses the goals of maximizing network lifetime while minimizing energy consumption.
A wireless sensor network consists of spatially distributed sensor nodes that monitor physical conditions and communicate wirelessly. Nodes sense data, process it, and transmit it to other nodes or a central gateway. The gateway provides a connection to the wired world to collect, process, analyze and present measurement data. Routers can extend the communication range between nodes and the gateway. Sensor nodes are small, require little power, are programmable and cost-effective to purchase and maintain.
Data aggregation in wireless sensor network , 11751 d5811praveen369
The document discusses data aggregation in wireless sensor networks. It explains that sensor networks aim to gather and aggregate data in an energy efficient manner to extend network lifetime. It describes various data aggregation approaches like centralized, LEACH, and TAG. It also discusses cluster-based and tree-based aggregation where nodes aggregate and transmit data to parent nodes or cluster heads. The document outlines types of queries for sensor networks and benefits of data aggregation in reducing traffic and energy consumption while improving data accuracy.
This document discusses constrained passive tracking using wireless sensor networks. It begins with an introduction to wireless sensor networks and target tracking. It then describes the proposed system for passive tracking using a wireless sensor network. The system includes initializing the network, forming clusters using K-medoids clustering, creating an object to track, determining the sensor node nearest to the object, gathering information from sensors to the base station, and analyzing the results. It discusses the K-medoids clustering and Kalman filtering algorithms used for clustering and tracking, respectively. The document provides an example of applying the K-medoids algorithm to cluster a sample dataset.
This document describes an RSSI (received signal strength indicator) based localization algorithm for wireless sensor networks. It discusses using RSSI values measured from reference nodes to estimate distances and perform trilateration to locate a target sensor node. The algorithm design includes RSSI to distance conversion using a path loss model, trilateration implementation using circle intersections, and simplifying computations for resource-limited sensor node processors through techniques like Taylor series approximations of exponential functions. Pseudocode is provided for RSSI to distance conversion and trilateration calculations.
The document discusses using a mathematical model to analyze how adding supplementary sensor nodes near base stations could increase network lifetime by reducing the energy burden on nodes closest to the base stations. The results show that for some networks, adding only a limited number of extra nodes could quadruple network lifetime. However, the potential gain depends heavily on the existing fraction of nodes near the base stations.
Wireless sensor network is emerging field because of its wide applications. It is a wireless network which subsist a group of small sensor nodes which communicate through radio interface. These sensor nodes are composed of sensing, computation, communication and power as four basic elements. Many routing, power management, and data dissemination protocols have been specifically designed for WSNs where energy awareness is an essential design issue. But limited energy, communication capability, storage and bandwidth are the main resource constraints. The network should have self-organizing capabilities as the positions of individual nodes are not predetermined. The flexibility, fault tolerance, high sensing fidelity, low cost, and rapid deployment characteristics of sensor networks create many new and exciting application areas for remote sensing. Our survey is based on various aspects of routing protocols in wireless sensor networks.
IRJET- Energy Efficient Protocol in Wireless Sensor NetworkIRJET Journal
This document summarizes an academic paper that proposes an energy efficient protocol for wireless sensor networks. It begins with an introduction to wireless sensor networks and some of the key challenges, particularly limited energy. It then reviews an existing protocol called LEACH (Low Energy Adaptive Clustering Hierarchy) that aims to distribute energy use among sensor nodes. However, LEACH may not distribute energy optimally if nodes have different starting energy levels. The paper proposes using DEEC (Distributed Energy-Efficient Clustering), which aims to improve network lifetime by more evenly distributing energy use among nodes, regardless of their initial energy levels.
This document discusses energy efficiency in wireless sensor networks. It begins by introducing wireless sensor networks and some of their key applications. It then discusses several clustering-based energy efficiency protocols, including LEACH, HEED, TEEN, and EBC. These protocols aim to reduce energy consumption by organizing sensor nodes into clusters, with cluster heads responsible for aggregating and transmitting data from cluster members. The document also reviews related work on clustering algorithms and energy efficiency in wireless sensor networks. It discusses the goals of maximizing network lifetime while minimizing energy consumption.
A wireless sensor network consists of spatially distributed sensor nodes that monitor physical conditions and communicate wirelessly. Nodes sense data, process it, and transmit it to other nodes or a central gateway. The gateway provides a connection to the wired world to collect, process, analyze and present measurement data. Routers can extend the communication range between nodes and the gateway. Sensor nodes are small, require little power, are programmable and cost-effective to purchase and maintain.
Data aggregation in wireless sensor network , 11751 d5811praveen369
The document discusses data aggregation in wireless sensor networks. It explains that sensor networks aim to gather and aggregate data in an energy efficient manner to extend network lifetime. It describes various data aggregation approaches like centralized, LEACH, and TAG. It also discusses cluster-based and tree-based aggregation where nodes aggregate and transmit data to parent nodes or cluster heads. The document outlines types of queries for sensor networks and benefits of data aggregation in reducing traffic and energy consumption while improving data accuracy.
This document discusses constrained passive tracking using wireless sensor networks. It begins with an introduction to wireless sensor networks and target tracking. It then describes the proposed system for passive tracking using a wireless sensor network. The system includes initializing the network, forming clusters using K-medoids clustering, creating an object to track, determining the sensor node nearest to the object, gathering information from sensors to the base station, and analyzing the results. It discusses the K-medoids clustering and Kalman filtering algorithms used for clustering and tracking, respectively. The document provides an example of applying the K-medoids algorithm to cluster a sample dataset.
This document describes an RSSI (received signal strength indicator) based localization algorithm for wireless sensor networks. It discusses using RSSI values measured from reference nodes to estimate distances and perform trilateration to locate a target sensor node. The algorithm design includes RSSI to distance conversion using a path loss model, trilateration implementation using circle intersections, and simplifying computations for resource-limited sensor node processors through techniques like Taylor series approximations of exponential functions. Pseudocode is provided for RSSI to distance conversion and trilateration calculations.
The document discusses using a mathematical model to analyze how adding supplementary sensor nodes near base stations could increase network lifetime by reducing the energy burden on nodes closest to the base stations. The results show that for some networks, adding only a limited number of extra nodes could quadruple network lifetime. However, the potential gain depends heavily on the existing fraction of nodes near the base stations.
Features of wsn and various routing techniques for wsn a surveyeSAT Publishing House
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology.
An algorithm for fault node recovery of wireless sensor networkeSAT Publishing House
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
IRJET-Structure less Efficient Data Aggregation and Data Integrity in Sensor ...IRJET Journal
This document proposes a structureless and efficient data aggregation technique for wireless sensor networks that ensures data integrity with low transmission overhead. It introduces a concept where the base station can recover individual sensor data even after aggregation by cluster heads. This allows the base station to verify data integrity and authenticity, as well as perform any desired aggregation functions. It then proposes a structure-free scheme using intracluster and intercluster encryption and aggregation procedures. This scheme aims to address limitations of previous work such as high transmission costs and inability to query individual data values, while maintaining security and scalability. The document analyzes security and scalability aspects and argues the proposed scheme offers improved performance and efficiency for data aggregation in wireless sensor networks.
Node Deployment Technique using Wireless Sensor NetworksIRJET Journal
This document discusses node deployment techniques in wireless sensor networks to improve network lifetime. Wireless sensor networks consist of spatially distributed sensor nodes with limited battery power. The proposed technique uses a multi-objective optimization algorithm based on energy consumption and connectivity to prolong network lifetime. The algorithm aims to find optimal solutions that minimize energy consumption while maintaining network connectivity. It analyzes factors like node deployment, energy consumption, fault tolerance, and data aggregation to efficiently route data from sensor nodes to a base station.
This document summarizes a review of sensor nodes in basic wireless sensor networks, with an emphasis on selecting an appropriate processor. It discusses key factors in sensor network design like fault tolerance, scalability, and power consumption. Sensor nodes typically consist of sensing, processing, transceiver, and power units. Processors must have low power usage, fast wake-up times, clock scaling abilities, and memory architectures suited for interrupts. Common microcontrollers and microprocessors are evaluated based on these criteria to determine the best fit for sensor network applications.
This presentation is all about the wireless sensor networks, how they collect data using aggregation, and how they evaluate or calculate the parameters
This document provides an introduction to wireless sensor networks. It discusses how sensor networks are composed of spatially distributed sensor nodes that monitor physical conditions and work cooperatively to gather and transmit sensor data via wireless communication. Each sensor node contains basic computing and communication capabilities. The document outlines common network topologies used in sensor networks and compares the capabilities of modern sensor nodes to early personal computers. Finally, it lists several example application domains for wireless sensor networks, including environmental/infrastructure monitoring, smart homes/offices, traffic control, medical care, industrial processes, and military surveillance.
An implementation of recovery algorithm for fault nodes in a wireless sensor ...eSAT Publishing House
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
Abstract A wireless sensor network (WSN) consists of sensors which are densely distributed to monitor physical or environmental conditions, such as temperature, sound, pressure, etc. The sensor data is transmitted to network coordinator which is heart of the wireless personal area network. In the modern scenario wireless networks contains sensors as well as actuators. ZigBee is newly developed technology that works on IEEE standard 802.15.4, which can be used in the wireless sensor network (WSN). The low data rates, low power consumption, low cost are main features of ZigBee. WSN is composed of ZigBee coordinator (network coordinator), ZigBee router and ZigBee end device. The sensor nodes information in the network will be sent to the coordinator, the coordinator collects sensor data, stores the data in memory, process the data, and route the data to appropriate node. Index Terms: WSN, ZigBee.
Fault Node Recovery Algorithm for a Wireless Sensor NetworkYogesh Vk
The WSN is made of nodes from a few to several hundred, where each node is connected to one or several sensors.
The basic components of a node are
o Sensor and actuator - an interface to the physical world designed to sense the environmental parameters like pressure and temperature.
o Controller - is to control different modes of operation for processing of data
o Memory - storage for programming data.
o Communication - a device like antenna for sending and receiving data over a wireless channel.
o Power Supply- supply of energy for smooth operation of a node like battery.
The document presents a graduate project on efficient data aggregation from polling points in wireless sensor networks. The proposed system called Mobi-Cluster aims to minimize overall network overhead and energy expenditure associated with multi-hop data retrieval while ensuring balanced energy consumption and prolonged network lifetime. This is achieved through building cluster structures consisting of member nodes that route data to assigned cluster heads, and selecting appropriate polling points to act as intermediaries between clusters and a mobile collector. The key stages of the Mobi-Cluster protocol are described as cluster head selection, polling point selection, cluster head attachment to polling points, data aggregation and forwarding to polling points, and communication between polling points and the mobile collector.
Advanced Software Engineering course - Guest Lecture
A4WSN- Architecture 4 Wireless Sensor Networks
Here you can find the research paper presenting the concepts described in this lecture: http://goo.gl/XBB4k
This presentation has been developed in the context of the Advanced Software Engineering course at the DISIM Department of the University of L’Aquila (Italy).
http://www.di.univaq.it/malavolta
Proactive Data Reporting of Wireless sensor Network using Wake Up Scheduling ...ijsrd.com
In Wireless Sensor Network (WSNs), gather the data by using mobile sinks has become popular. Reduce the number of messages which is used for sink location broadcasting, efficient energy data forwarding, become accustomed to unknown earthly changes are achieved by a protocol which is projected by a SinkTrail. The forecast of mobile sinks’ location are done by using logical coordinate system. When sensor nodes don’t have any data to send, at that time they switch to sleep mode to save the energy and to increase the network lifetime. And due to this reason there is a chance of the involvement of nodes that are in sleeping state between the path sources to the mobile sink which is selected by the SinkTrail protocol. Before become the fully functional and process the information, these sleeping nodes can drop the some information. Due to this reason, it is vital to wake-up the sleeping nodes on the path earlier than the sender can start transferring of sensed data. In this paper, on-demand wake-up scheduling algorithm is projected which is used to activates sleeping node on the path before data delivery. Here, in this work the multi-hop communication in WSN also considers. By incorporating wake-up scheduling algorithm to perk up the dependability and improve the performance of on-demand data forwarding extends the SinkTrail solution in our work. This projected algorithm improves the quality of service of the network by dishonesty of data or reducing the loss due to sleeping nodes. The efficiency and the effectiveness projected solution are proved by the evaluation results.
Analysis of Electromagnetic Pollution Monitoring using Wireless Sensor NetworkIRJET Journal
1) The document discusses using a wireless sensor network to monitor electromagnetic pollution by measuring the power levels of different frequency bands. It analyzes techniques to increase the network's lifetime.
2) It proposes a new algorithm where active sensor nodes measure frequency power levels and report violations to a cluster head. It evaluates different cluster head selection methods and detection of failed sensor nodes.
3) The document finds that distributing sensor nodes in a 10x10 star pattern increases the network's lifetime by 77% compared to a homogeneous distribution. It concludes that properly selecting parameters like the watchdog frequency can significantly impact the network's performance.
Energy Efficient Routing Strategies for Large Scale Wireless Sensor in Hetero...ijtsrd
The efficiency of a wireless sensor network depends on its life time. By conserving the energy of each sensor for increase in the network life time. The basic operations of a wireless sensor network are sensing 1 the data to the energy sink term is for next transmitting node. The communication or routing 2 process operation be allowed in any operations for all nodes 3 . We propose to select a specific collection of nodes for communication with considering the importance of wireless sensor where security 4 and power usage 5 is taken as top priority. O. Sampath | . P. Suryanarayana Babu "Energy Efficient Routing Strategies for Large Scale Wireless Sensor in Heterogeneous Networks" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-3 | Issue-2 , February 2019, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd20281.pdf
Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/computer-science/computer-network/20281/energy-efficient-routing-strategies-for-large-scale-wireless-sensor-in-heterogeneous-networks/o-sampath
Design and Implementation a New Energy Efficient Clustering Algorithm Using t...ijmnct
Wireless Sensor Networks are consist of small battery powered devices with limited energy resources. Once deployed, the small sensor nodes are usually inaccessible to the user, and thus replacement of the energy source is not feasible. Hence, one of the most important issues that need to be enhanced in order to improve the life span of the network is energy efficiency. to overcome this demerit many research have been done. The clustering is the one of the representative approaches. In this paper, we introduce a dynamic clustering algorithm using Fuzzy Logic and genetic algorithm. In fact, using fuzzy system design and system optimization by genetic algorithm is presented approach to select the best cluster head in sensor networks. Using random data set has been addressed to evaluate of fuzzy-genetic system presented in this paper and finally, MSE rate or mean error of sending the messages using proposed fuzzy system in comparison with LEACH method is calculated in select the cluster head. The results of evaluations is representative of a reduction the MSE metric in proposed method in comparison with LEACH method for select the cluster head. Reduce of MSE directly is effective on energy consumption and lifetime of wireless sensor network and can cause the reduce energy consumption and increase network lifetime.
Design and Implementation a New Energy Efficient Clustering Algorithm Using t...ijmnct
Wireless Sensor Networks are consist of small battery powered devices with limited energy resources.Once
deployed, the small sensor nodes are usually inaccessible to the user, and thus replacement of the energy
source is not feasible. Hence, one of the most important issues that need to be enhanced in order to
improve the life span of the network is energy efficiency. to overcome this demerit many research have
been done. The clustering is the one of the representative approaches. In this paper, we introduce a
dynamic clustering algorithm using Fuzzy Logic and genetic algorithm. In fact, using fuzzy system design
and system optimization by genetic algorithm is presented approach to select the best cluster head in
sensor networks. Using random data set has been addressed to evaluate of fuzzy-genetic system presented
in this paper and finally, MSE rate or mean error of sending the messages using proposed fuzzy system in
comparison with LEACH method is calculated in select the cluster head. The results of evaluations is
representative of a reduction the MSE metric in proposed method in comparison with LEACH method for
select the cluster head. Reduce of MSE directly is effective on energy consumption and lifetime of wireless
sensor network and can cause the reduce energy consumption and increase network lifetime.
Wireless sensor networks combine sensing, computation and communication capabilities into small sensor nodes. A wireless sensor network consists of multiple sensor nodes that communicate wirelessly to perform distributed sensing tasks. Each sensor node contains components for power, computation, sensing and communication. Security is important for wireless sensor networks due to their widespread applications and vulnerabilities like traffic analysis attacks and Sybil attacks. Common security techniques for wireless sensor networks include encryption, cryptography and access control protocols.
Wireless sensor networks consist of distributed nodes that use sensors to monitor environmental conditions. The nodes communicate wirelessly and include components like processors, transceivers, memory, power sources, and sensors. Wireless sensor networks have many applications including environmental monitoring, military surveillance, and security monitoring. They allow collecting sensor data over large areas.
Implementation of Enhanced New Stable Election Protocol- ENHSEP in NS2 PlatformIRJET Journal
This document discusses the implementation of an Enhanced New Stable Election Protocol (ENHSEP) in the NS2 platform. It begins by discussing existing routing protocols like LEACH and SEP that have disadvantages like uneven energy consumption and network lifetime. It then proposes ENHSEP as a new hierarchical routing protocol that aims to be more energy efficient. The document outlines the design and methodology of ENHSEP, which involves calculating node characteristics, clustering nodes based on distance, and selecting cluster heads based on remaining energy. Simulation results from NS2 comparing ENHSEP to LEACH and NHSEP show that ENHSEP has better performance in terms of throughput, energy consumption, and packet delivery ratio.
Comparison of Routing protocols in Wireless Sensor Networks: A Detailed Surveytheijes
The International Journal of Engineering & Science is aimed at providing a platform for researchers, engineers, scientists, or educators to publish their original research results, to exchange new ideas, to disseminate information in innovative designs, engineering experiences and technological skills. It is also the Journal's objective to promote engineering and technology education. All papers submitted to the Journal will be blind peer-reviewed. Only original articles will be published.
The papers for publication in The International Journal of Engineering& Science are selected through rigorous peer reviews to ensure originality, timeliness, relevance, and readability.
Theoretical work submitted to the Journal should be original in its motivation or modeling structure. Empirical analysis should be based on a theoretical framework and should be capable of replication. It is expected that all materials required for replication (including computer programs and data sets) should be available upon request to the authors.
The International Journal of Engineering & Science would take much care in making your article published without much delay with your kind cooperation
Features of wsn and various routing techniques for wsn a surveyeSAT Publishing House
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology.
An algorithm for fault node recovery of wireless sensor networkeSAT Publishing House
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
IRJET-Structure less Efficient Data Aggregation and Data Integrity in Sensor ...IRJET Journal
This document proposes a structureless and efficient data aggregation technique for wireless sensor networks that ensures data integrity with low transmission overhead. It introduces a concept where the base station can recover individual sensor data even after aggregation by cluster heads. This allows the base station to verify data integrity and authenticity, as well as perform any desired aggregation functions. It then proposes a structure-free scheme using intracluster and intercluster encryption and aggregation procedures. This scheme aims to address limitations of previous work such as high transmission costs and inability to query individual data values, while maintaining security and scalability. The document analyzes security and scalability aspects and argues the proposed scheme offers improved performance and efficiency for data aggregation in wireless sensor networks.
Node Deployment Technique using Wireless Sensor NetworksIRJET Journal
This document discusses node deployment techniques in wireless sensor networks to improve network lifetime. Wireless sensor networks consist of spatially distributed sensor nodes with limited battery power. The proposed technique uses a multi-objective optimization algorithm based on energy consumption and connectivity to prolong network lifetime. The algorithm aims to find optimal solutions that minimize energy consumption while maintaining network connectivity. It analyzes factors like node deployment, energy consumption, fault tolerance, and data aggregation to efficiently route data from sensor nodes to a base station.
This document summarizes a review of sensor nodes in basic wireless sensor networks, with an emphasis on selecting an appropriate processor. It discusses key factors in sensor network design like fault tolerance, scalability, and power consumption. Sensor nodes typically consist of sensing, processing, transceiver, and power units. Processors must have low power usage, fast wake-up times, clock scaling abilities, and memory architectures suited for interrupts. Common microcontrollers and microprocessors are evaluated based on these criteria to determine the best fit for sensor network applications.
This presentation is all about the wireless sensor networks, how they collect data using aggregation, and how they evaluate or calculate the parameters
This document provides an introduction to wireless sensor networks. It discusses how sensor networks are composed of spatially distributed sensor nodes that monitor physical conditions and work cooperatively to gather and transmit sensor data via wireless communication. Each sensor node contains basic computing and communication capabilities. The document outlines common network topologies used in sensor networks and compares the capabilities of modern sensor nodes to early personal computers. Finally, it lists several example application domains for wireless sensor networks, including environmental/infrastructure monitoring, smart homes/offices, traffic control, medical care, industrial processes, and military surveillance.
An implementation of recovery algorithm for fault nodes in a wireless sensor ...eSAT Publishing House
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
Abstract A wireless sensor network (WSN) consists of sensors which are densely distributed to monitor physical or environmental conditions, such as temperature, sound, pressure, etc. The sensor data is transmitted to network coordinator which is heart of the wireless personal area network. In the modern scenario wireless networks contains sensors as well as actuators. ZigBee is newly developed technology that works on IEEE standard 802.15.4, which can be used in the wireless sensor network (WSN). The low data rates, low power consumption, low cost are main features of ZigBee. WSN is composed of ZigBee coordinator (network coordinator), ZigBee router and ZigBee end device. The sensor nodes information in the network will be sent to the coordinator, the coordinator collects sensor data, stores the data in memory, process the data, and route the data to appropriate node. Index Terms: WSN, ZigBee.
Fault Node Recovery Algorithm for a Wireless Sensor NetworkYogesh Vk
The WSN is made of nodes from a few to several hundred, where each node is connected to one or several sensors.
The basic components of a node are
o Sensor and actuator - an interface to the physical world designed to sense the environmental parameters like pressure and temperature.
o Controller - is to control different modes of operation for processing of data
o Memory - storage for programming data.
o Communication - a device like antenna for sending and receiving data over a wireless channel.
o Power Supply- supply of energy for smooth operation of a node like battery.
The document presents a graduate project on efficient data aggregation from polling points in wireless sensor networks. The proposed system called Mobi-Cluster aims to minimize overall network overhead and energy expenditure associated with multi-hop data retrieval while ensuring balanced energy consumption and prolonged network lifetime. This is achieved through building cluster structures consisting of member nodes that route data to assigned cluster heads, and selecting appropriate polling points to act as intermediaries between clusters and a mobile collector. The key stages of the Mobi-Cluster protocol are described as cluster head selection, polling point selection, cluster head attachment to polling points, data aggregation and forwarding to polling points, and communication between polling points and the mobile collector.
Advanced Software Engineering course - Guest Lecture
A4WSN- Architecture 4 Wireless Sensor Networks
Here you can find the research paper presenting the concepts described in this lecture: http://goo.gl/XBB4k
This presentation has been developed in the context of the Advanced Software Engineering course at the DISIM Department of the University of L’Aquila (Italy).
http://www.di.univaq.it/malavolta
Proactive Data Reporting of Wireless sensor Network using Wake Up Scheduling ...ijsrd.com
In Wireless Sensor Network (WSNs), gather the data by using mobile sinks has become popular. Reduce the number of messages which is used for sink location broadcasting, efficient energy data forwarding, become accustomed to unknown earthly changes are achieved by a protocol which is projected by a SinkTrail. The forecast of mobile sinks’ location are done by using logical coordinate system. When sensor nodes don’t have any data to send, at that time they switch to sleep mode to save the energy and to increase the network lifetime. And due to this reason there is a chance of the involvement of nodes that are in sleeping state between the path sources to the mobile sink which is selected by the SinkTrail protocol. Before become the fully functional and process the information, these sleeping nodes can drop the some information. Due to this reason, it is vital to wake-up the sleeping nodes on the path earlier than the sender can start transferring of sensed data. In this paper, on-demand wake-up scheduling algorithm is projected which is used to activates sleeping node on the path before data delivery. Here, in this work the multi-hop communication in WSN also considers. By incorporating wake-up scheduling algorithm to perk up the dependability and improve the performance of on-demand data forwarding extends the SinkTrail solution in our work. This projected algorithm improves the quality of service of the network by dishonesty of data or reducing the loss due to sleeping nodes. The efficiency and the effectiveness projected solution are proved by the evaluation results.
Analysis of Electromagnetic Pollution Monitoring using Wireless Sensor NetworkIRJET Journal
1) The document discusses using a wireless sensor network to monitor electromagnetic pollution by measuring the power levels of different frequency bands. It analyzes techniques to increase the network's lifetime.
2) It proposes a new algorithm where active sensor nodes measure frequency power levels and report violations to a cluster head. It evaluates different cluster head selection methods and detection of failed sensor nodes.
3) The document finds that distributing sensor nodes in a 10x10 star pattern increases the network's lifetime by 77% compared to a homogeneous distribution. It concludes that properly selecting parameters like the watchdog frequency can significantly impact the network's performance.
Energy Efficient Routing Strategies for Large Scale Wireless Sensor in Hetero...ijtsrd
The efficiency of a wireless sensor network depends on its life time. By conserving the energy of each sensor for increase in the network life time. The basic operations of a wireless sensor network are sensing 1 the data to the energy sink term is for next transmitting node. The communication or routing 2 process operation be allowed in any operations for all nodes 3 . We propose to select a specific collection of nodes for communication with considering the importance of wireless sensor where security 4 and power usage 5 is taken as top priority. O. Sampath | . P. Suryanarayana Babu "Energy Efficient Routing Strategies for Large Scale Wireless Sensor in Heterogeneous Networks" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-3 | Issue-2 , February 2019, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd20281.pdf
Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/computer-science/computer-network/20281/energy-efficient-routing-strategies-for-large-scale-wireless-sensor-in-heterogeneous-networks/o-sampath
Design and Implementation a New Energy Efficient Clustering Algorithm Using t...ijmnct
Wireless Sensor Networks are consist of small battery powered devices with limited energy resources. Once deployed, the small sensor nodes are usually inaccessible to the user, and thus replacement of the energy source is not feasible. Hence, one of the most important issues that need to be enhanced in order to improve the life span of the network is energy efficiency. to overcome this demerit many research have been done. The clustering is the one of the representative approaches. In this paper, we introduce a dynamic clustering algorithm using Fuzzy Logic and genetic algorithm. In fact, using fuzzy system design and system optimization by genetic algorithm is presented approach to select the best cluster head in sensor networks. Using random data set has been addressed to evaluate of fuzzy-genetic system presented in this paper and finally, MSE rate or mean error of sending the messages using proposed fuzzy system in comparison with LEACH method is calculated in select the cluster head. The results of evaluations is representative of a reduction the MSE metric in proposed method in comparison with LEACH method for select the cluster head. Reduce of MSE directly is effective on energy consumption and lifetime of wireless sensor network and can cause the reduce energy consumption and increase network lifetime.
Design and Implementation a New Energy Efficient Clustering Algorithm Using t...ijmnct
Wireless Sensor Networks are consist of small battery powered devices with limited energy resources.Once
deployed, the small sensor nodes are usually inaccessible to the user, and thus replacement of the energy
source is not feasible. Hence, one of the most important issues that need to be enhanced in order to
improve the life span of the network is energy efficiency. to overcome this demerit many research have
been done. The clustering is the one of the representative approaches. In this paper, we introduce a
dynamic clustering algorithm using Fuzzy Logic and genetic algorithm. In fact, using fuzzy system design
and system optimization by genetic algorithm is presented approach to select the best cluster head in
sensor networks. Using random data set has been addressed to evaluate of fuzzy-genetic system presented
in this paper and finally, MSE rate or mean error of sending the messages using proposed fuzzy system in
comparison with LEACH method is calculated in select the cluster head. The results of evaluations is
representative of a reduction the MSE metric in proposed method in comparison with LEACH method for
select the cluster head. Reduce of MSE directly is effective on energy consumption and lifetime of wireless
sensor network and can cause the reduce energy consumption and increase network lifetime.
Wireless sensor networks combine sensing, computation and communication capabilities into small sensor nodes. A wireless sensor network consists of multiple sensor nodes that communicate wirelessly to perform distributed sensing tasks. Each sensor node contains components for power, computation, sensing and communication. Security is important for wireless sensor networks due to their widespread applications and vulnerabilities like traffic analysis attacks and Sybil attacks. Common security techniques for wireless sensor networks include encryption, cryptography and access control protocols.
Wireless sensor networks consist of distributed nodes that use sensors to monitor environmental conditions. The nodes communicate wirelessly and include components like processors, transceivers, memory, power sources, and sensors. Wireless sensor networks have many applications including environmental monitoring, military surveillance, and security monitoring. They allow collecting sensor data over large areas.
Implementation of Enhanced New Stable Election Protocol- ENHSEP in NS2 PlatformIRJET Journal
This document discusses the implementation of an Enhanced New Stable Election Protocol (ENHSEP) in the NS2 platform. It begins by discussing existing routing protocols like LEACH and SEP that have disadvantages like uneven energy consumption and network lifetime. It then proposes ENHSEP as a new hierarchical routing protocol that aims to be more energy efficient. The document outlines the design and methodology of ENHSEP, which involves calculating node characteristics, clustering nodes based on distance, and selecting cluster heads based on remaining energy. Simulation results from NS2 comparing ENHSEP to LEACH and NHSEP show that ENHSEP has better performance in terms of throughput, energy consumption, and packet delivery ratio.
Comparison of Routing protocols in Wireless Sensor Networks: A Detailed Surveytheijes
The International Journal of Engineering & Science is aimed at providing a platform for researchers, engineers, scientists, or educators to publish their original research results, to exchange new ideas, to disseminate information in innovative designs, engineering experiences and technological skills. It is also the Journal's objective to promote engineering and technology education. All papers submitted to the Journal will be blind peer-reviewed. Only original articles will be published.
The papers for publication in The International Journal of Engineering& Science are selected through rigorous peer reviews to ensure originality, timeliness, relevance, and readability.
Theoretical work submitted to the Journal should be original in its motivation or modeling structure. Empirical analysis should be based on a theoretical framework and should be capable of replication. It is expected that all materials required for replication (including computer programs and data sets) should be available upon request to the authors.
The International Journal of Engineering & Science would take much care in making your article published without much delay with your kind cooperation
Sensor Data Aggregation using a Cross Layer Framework for Smart City Applicat...IRJET Journal
This document proposes a cross-layer commit protocol for sensor data aggregation in smart cities. It implements query-based data aggregation using the network and application layers. The application layer initiates queries that are sent to sensor nodes. Nodes that can provide the requested data reply to form clusters. The node with the highest residual energy and closest average distance to members is selected as cluster head. As cluster head, it collects and aggregates data from members and sends it to the sink node. This approach reduces energy consumption compared to other data aggregation methods. A prototype was created to test the protocol for applications like garbage monitoring and weather sensing.
Features of wsn and various routing techniques for wsn a surveyeSAT Journals
Abstract A Wireless Sensor Network is the collection of large number of sensor nodes, which are technically or economically feasible and measure the ambient condition in the environment surrounding them. The difference between usual wireless networks and WSNs is that sensors are sensitive to energy consumption. Most of the attention is given to routing protocols, for energy awareness, since they might differ depending on the application and network architecture. Routing techniques for WSN are classified into three categories based on network structure: Flat, hierarchical and location-based routing. Furthermore, these protocols can be classified into multi-path based, query based, negotiation-based, QoS-based, and coherent–based, depending on the protocol operation. In this paper the survey of routing techniques in WSNs is shown. It is also outlined the design challenges and performance metrics for routing protocols in WSNs. Finally We also highlight the advantages and performance issues of different routing techniques by it’s comparative analysis. Future-directions for routing in sensor network is also described. Index Terms: Wireless sensor network, Routing techniques, Routing challenges and future directions.
An Improved Enhanced Real Time Routing Protocol (IERT) for Mobile Wireless Se...IRJET Journal
This document discusses an improved enhanced real-time routing protocol (IERT) for mobile wireless sensor networks. The protocol aims to increase network lifetime by using a backup coordinator node if the primary coordinator fails. It also uses a corona-based routing structure to reduce routing holes and increase throughput. The protocol is simulated using NS2 and is shown to increase network lifetime by 30% compared to the previous ERTLD protocol, while also achieving lower delays and higher delivery rates. It provides improvements over real-time routing protocols for wireless sensor networks.
Improved Development of Energy Efficient Routing Algorithm for Privacy Preser...IRJET Journal
This document proposes an algorithm to improve energy efficiency and privacy preservation for the sink node in wireless sensor networks. The algorithm uses node clustering, where sensor nodes are grouped into clusters with a cluster head node. Data is routed from cluster members to their cluster head, and then from cluster heads to the sink node. The algorithm elects a subset of cluster heads to broadcast data, obscuring the location of the sink node and distributing energy usage across nodes. Simulations analyze how effectively this approach preserves sink node anonymity while limiting energy depletion across varying network conditions.
Issues in optimizing the performance of wireless sensor networkseSAT Publishing House
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
Data Flow in Wireless Sensor Network Protocol Stack by using Bellman-Ford Rou...journalBEEI
Wireless sensor network consists various sensor nodes that are used to monitor any target area like forest fire detection by our army person and monitoring any industrial activity by industry manager. Wireless sensor networks have been deployed in several cities to monitor the concentration of dangerous gases for citizens. In wireless sensor network when sensor nodes communicate from each other then routing protocol are used for communication between protocol layers. Wireless sensor network protocol stack consist five layers such as Application layer, Transport layer, Network layer, MAC Layer, Physical layer. In this paper we study and analysis Bellman-Ford routing algorithm and check the flow of data between these protocol layers. For simulation purpose we are using Qualnet 5.0.2 simulator tool.
ALL ABOUT DATA AGGREGATION IN WIRELESS SENSOR NETWORKSEditor IJCTER
1. The document discusses data aggregation in wireless sensor networks. Sensor nodes sense environmental data and transmit it to a base station, creating high communication overhead due to limited energy sources.
2. Data aggregation helps reduce this overhead by having aggregator nodes combine data from multiple sensor nodes and pass it to the base station. This eliminates redundancy and enhances network lifetime.
3. The document describes different techniques for data aggregation including centralized, tree-based, and cluster-based approaches. It also discusses the pros and cons of data aggregation in wireless sensor networks.
in this paper authors made the study of basic clustering algorithm Leach. A comparison is made between Leach and Leach.wireless sensor network advantages, and wireless sensor network dataset
Reliable Data Aggregation Protocol (RDAT) uses functional reputation to improve data reliability in wireless sensor networks. It assigns separate reputation values for sensing, routing, and aggregation actions. Nodes monitor neighbors and exchange reputation tables. Before transmitting data, nodes evaluate aggregators' aggregation reputation to detect compromised ones. Aggregators run the Reliable Data Aggregation algorithm to further ensure integrity by using routing and sensing reputation to identify false reports. Simulation results show RDAT significantly improves data reliability over attacked networks compared to existing trust systems.
Performance Evaluation of LEACH Protocol for Wireless Sensor NetworkAM Publications
This paper gives performance of LEACH protocol. LEACH is the first network protocol that uses hierarchical
routing for wireless sensor networks to increase the life time of network. All the nodes in a network organize themselves into
local clusters, with one node acting as the cluster-head. All non-cluster-head nodes transmit their data to the cluster-head,
while the cluster-head node receive data from all the cluster members, perform signal processing functions on the data (e.g.,
data aggregation), and transmit data to the remote base station. Therefore, being a cluster-head node is much more energyintensive
than being a non-cluster-head node. Thus, when a cluster-head node dies all the nodes that belong to the cluster lose
communication ability. This paper gives performance of LEACH protocol considering parameters i) Packet Delivery Ratio ii)
Throughput iii) Delay iv) lifetime.
Single Sink Repositioning Technique in Wireless Sensor Networks for Network L...IRJET Journal
This document presents a technique called single sink repositioning to extend the lifetime of wireless sensor networks. Sensor nodes have limited battery power, so energy consumption must be managed carefully. In typical static sink networks, nodes farther from the sink expend more energy transmitting data and drain their batteries quicker, shortening network lifetime. The proposed approach tracks the distance of each node to the sink and calculates an optimal sink position to minimize distances. It simulates moving the sink to this position using an algorithm in NS-2. Simulation results show repositioning the sink achieves significant energy savings compared to static sinks, helping improve overall network lifetime.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
This document provides an overview of wireless sensor network software architecture. It discusses the key components of WSNs including sensing units, processing units, power suppliers, and communication devices. It then examines various topics related to WSN software architecture, including network topologies, the IEEE 1451 standard for smart sensors, software architecture components like operating systems and middleware, services in sensor networks, and research challenges around security. The goal is to provide a reliable software architecture for WSNs to enable better performance and functionality.
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
IRJET-A Brief Study of Leach based Routing Protocol in Wireless Sensor NetworksIRJET Journal
This document summarizes a study of the Low Energy Adaptive Clustering Hierarchy (LEACH) routing protocol for wireless sensor networks. It discusses how LEACH is an energy-efficient clustering-based protocol that helps improve the lifetime of wireless sensor networks. The document also reviews several other routing protocols and concludes that using a round robin schedule could help improve clustering in routing protocols for wireless sensor networks to balance energy usage across nodes.
This document summarizes a paper on the challenges of wireless sensor networks, with a focus on time synchronization issues. It discusses how wireless sensor networks face many constraints including limited energy, bandwidth, and resources. It also outlines various challenges such as security, deployment, and design constraints. The document then discusses the importance of time synchronization for applications requiring coordination between sensor nodes. It describes issues that can cause clocks to drift like clock skew. It also analyzes different communication methods and synchronization protocols for wireless sensor networks, comparing their advantages and disadvantages.
Human: Thank you, that is a concise 3 sentence summary that captures the key aspects of the document.
CUTTING DOWN ENERGY USAGE IN WIRELESS SENSOR NETWORKS USING DUTY CYCLE TECHNI...ijwmn
A wireless sensor network is composed of many sensor nodes, that have beengiven out in a
specific zoneandeach of them hadanability of collecting information from the environment and
sending collected data to the sink. The most significant issues in wireless sensor networks,
despite the recent progress is the trouble of the severe limitations of energy resources.Since that
in different applications of sensor nets, we could throw a static or mobile sink, then all aspects of
such networks should be planned with an awareness of energy.One of the most significant topics
related to these networks, is routing. One of the most widely used and efficient methods of
routing isa hierarchy (based on clustering) method.
CUTTING DOWN ENERGY USAGE IN WIRELESS SENSOR NETWORKS USING DUTY CYCLE TECHNI...ijwmn
The document summarizes an algorithm proposed to reduce energy consumption in wireless sensor networks using duty cycling and multi-hop routing. The key aspects of the algorithm are:
1) Layering the network environment based on size and identifying the optimal number of cluster heads in each layer.
2) Selecting the first layer closest to the sink as the "gateway layer" and stopping energy usage in half of these sensors to extend the network lifespan.
3) Using multi-hop routing whereby cluster heads send data to heads in the above layer until the gateway layer, which then sends to the static or mobile sink.
4) Simulation results showed the proposed algorithm performs better than LEACH and ELEACH in terms of
Similar to Multiple Sink Positioning and Relocation for Improving Lifetime in Wireless Sensor Network (20)
TUNNELING IN HIMALAYAS WITH NATM METHOD: A SPECIAL REFERENCES TO SUNGAL TUNNE...IRJET Journal
1) The document discusses the Sungal Tunnel project in Jammu and Kashmir, India, which is being constructed using the New Austrian Tunneling Method (NATM).
2) NATM involves continuous monitoring during construction to adapt to changing ground conditions, and makes extensive use of shotcrete for temporary tunnel support.
3) The methodology section outlines the systematic geotechnical design process for tunnels according to Austrian guidelines, and describes the various steps of NATM tunnel construction including initial and secondary tunnel support.
STUDY THE EFFECT OF RESPONSE REDUCTION FACTOR ON RC FRAMED STRUCTUREIRJET Journal
This study examines the effect of response reduction factors (R factors) on reinforced concrete (RC) framed structures through nonlinear dynamic analysis. Three RC frame models with varying heights (4, 8, and 12 stories) were analyzed in ETABS software under different R factors ranging from 1 to 5. The results showed that displacement increased as the R factor decreased, indicating less linear behavior for lower R factors. Drift also decreased proportionally with increasing R factors from 1 to 5. Shear forces in the frames decreased with higher R factors. In general, R factors of 3 to 5 produced more satisfactory performance with less displacement and drift. The displacement variations between different building heights were consistent at different R factors. This study evaluated how R factors influence
A COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF RCC ELEMENT OF SLAB WITH STARK STEEL (HYSD STEEL) A...IRJET Journal
This study compares the use of Stark Steel and TMT Steel as reinforcement materials in a two-way reinforced concrete slab. Mechanical testing is conducted to determine the tensile strength, yield strength, and other properties of each material. A two-way slab design adhering to codes and standards is executed with both materials. The performance is analyzed in terms of deflection, stability under loads, and displacement. Cost analyses accounting for material, durability, maintenance, and life cycle costs are also conducted. The findings provide insights into the economic and structural implications of each material for reinforcement selection and recommendations on the most suitable material based on the analysis.
Effect of Camber and Angles of Attack on Airfoil CharacteristicsIRJET Journal
This document discusses a study analyzing the effect of camber, position of camber, and angle of attack on the aerodynamic characteristics of airfoils. Sixteen modified asymmetric NACA airfoils were analyzed using computational fluid dynamics (CFD) by varying the camber, camber position, and angle of attack. The results showed the relationship between these parameters and the lift coefficient, drag coefficient, and lift to drag ratio. This provides insight into how changes in airfoil geometry impact aerodynamic performance.
A Review on the Progress and Challenges of Aluminum-Based Metal Matrix Compos...IRJET Journal
This document reviews the progress and challenges of aluminum-based metal matrix composites (MMCs), focusing on their fabrication processes and applications. It discusses how various aluminum MMCs have been developed using reinforcements like borides, carbides, oxides, and nitrides to improve mechanical and wear properties. These composites have gained prominence for their lightweight, high-strength and corrosion resistance properties. The document also examines recent advancements in fabrication techniques for aluminum MMCs and their growing applications in industries such as aerospace and automotive. However, it notes that challenges remain around issues like improper mixing of reinforcements and reducing reinforcement agglomeration.
Dynamic Urban Transit Optimization: A Graph Neural Network Approach for Real-...IRJET Journal
This document discusses research on using graph neural networks (GNNs) for dynamic optimization of public transportation networks in real-time. GNNs represent transit networks as graphs with nodes as stops and edges as connections. The GNN model aims to optimize networks using real-time data on vehicle locations, arrival times, and passenger loads. This helps increase mobility, decrease traffic, and improve efficiency. The system continuously trains and infers to adapt to changing transit conditions, providing decision support tools. While research has focused on performance, more work is needed on security, socio-economic impacts, contextual generalization of models, continuous learning approaches, and effective real-time visualization.
Structural Analysis and Design of Multi-Storey Symmetric and Asymmetric Shape...IRJET Journal
This document summarizes a research project that aims to compare the structural performance of conventional slab and grid slab systems in multi-story buildings using ETABS software. The study will analyze both symmetric and asymmetric building models under various loading conditions. Parameters like deflections, moments, shears, and stresses will be examined to evaluate the structural effectiveness of each slab type. The results will provide insights into the comparative behavior of conventional and grid slabs to help engineers and architects select appropriate slab systems based on building layouts and design requirements.
A Review of “Seismic Response of RC Structures Having Plan and Vertical Irreg...IRJET Journal
This document summarizes and reviews a research paper on the seismic response of reinforced concrete (RC) structures with plan and vertical irregularities, with and without infill walls. It discusses how infill walls can improve or reduce the seismic performance of RC buildings, depending on factors like wall layout, height distribution, connection to the frame, and relative stiffness of walls and frames. The reviewed research paper analyzes the behavior of infill walls, effects of vertical irregularities, and seismic performance of high-rise structures under linear static and dynamic analysis. It studies response characteristics like story drift, deflection and shear. The document also provides literature on similar research investigating the effects of infill walls, soft stories, plan irregularities, and different
This document provides a review of machine learning techniques used in Advanced Driver Assistance Systems (ADAS). It begins with an abstract that summarizes key applications of machine learning in ADAS, including object detection, recognition, and decision-making. The introduction discusses the integration of machine learning in ADAS and how it is transforming vehicle safety. The literature review then examines several research papers on topics like lightweight deep learning models for object detection and lane detection models using image processing. It concludes by discussing challenges and opportunities in the field, such as improving algorithm robustness and adaptability.
Long Term Trend Analysis of Precipitation and Temperature for Asosa district,...IRJET Journal
The document analyzes temperature and precipitation trends in Asosa District, Benishangul Gumuz Region, Ethiopia from 1993 to 2022 based on data from the local meteorological station. The results show:
1) The average maximum and minimum annual temperatures have generally decreased over time, with maximum temperatures decreasing by a factor of -0.0341 and minimum by -0.0152.
2) Mann-Kendall tests found the decreasing temperature trends to be statistically significant for annual maximum temperatures but not for annual minimum temperatures.
3) Annual precipitation in Asosa District showed a statistically significant increasing trend.
The conclusions recommend development planners account for rising summer precipitation and declining temperatures in
P.E.B. Framed Structure Design and Analysis Using STAAD ProIRJET Journal
This document discusses the design and analysis of pre-engineered building (PEB) framed structures using STAAD Pro software. It provides an overview of PEBs, including that they are designed off-site with building trusses and beams produced in a factory. STAAD Pro is identified as a key tool for modeling, analyzing, and designing PEBs to ensure their performance and safety under various load scenarios. The document outlines modeling structural parts in STAAD Pro, evaluating structural reactions, assigning loads, and following international design codes and standards. In summary, STAAD Pro is used to design and analyze PEB framed structures to ensure safety and code compliance.
A Review on Innovative Fiber Integration for Enhanced Reinforcement of Concre...IRJET Journal
This document provides a review of research on innovative fiber integration methods for reinforcing concrete structures. It discusses studies that have explored using carbon fiber reinforced polymer (CFRP) composites with recycled plastic aggregates to develop more sustainable strengthening techniques. It also examines using ultra-high performance fiber reinforced concrete to improve shear strength in beams. Additional topics covered include the dynamic responses of FRP-strengthened beams under static and impact loads, and the performance of preloaded CFRP-strengthened fiber reinforced concrete beams. The review highlights the potential of fiber composites to enable more sustainable and resilient construction practices.
Survey Paper on Cloud-Based Secured Healthcare SystemIRJET Journal
This document summarizes a survey on securing patient healthcare data in cloud-based systems. It discusses using technologies like facial recognition, smart cards, and cloud computing combined with strong encryption to securely store patient data. The survey found that healthcare professionals believe digitizing patient records and storing them in a centralized cloud system would improve access during emergencies and enable more efficient care compared to paper-based systems. However, ensuring privacy and security of patient data is paramount as healthcare incorporates these digital technologies.
Review on studies and research on widening of existing concrete bridgesIRJET Journal
This document summarizes several studies that have been conducted on widening existing concrete bridges. It describes a study from China that examined load distribution factors for a bridge widened with composite steel-concrete girders. It also outlines challenges and solutions for widening a bridge in the UAE, including replacing bearings and stitching the new and existing structures. Additionally, it discusses two bridge widening projects in New Zealand that involved adding precast beams and stitching to connect structures. Finally, safety measures and challenges for strengthening a historic bridge in Switzerland under live traffic are presented.
React based fullstack edtech web applicationIRJET Journal
The document describes the architecture of an educational technology web application built using the MERN stack. It discusses the frontend developed with ReactJS, backend with NodeJS and ExpressJS, and MongoDB database. The frontend provides dynamic user interfaces, while the backend offers APIs for authentication, course management, and other functions. MongoDB enables flexible data storage. The architecture aims to provide a scalable, responsive platform for online learning.
A Comprehensive Review of Integrating IoT and Blockchain Technologies in the ...IRJET Journal
This paper proposes integrating Internet of Things (IoT) and blockchain technologies to help implement objectives of India's National Education Policy (NEP) in the education sector. The paper discusses how blockchain could be used for secure student data management, credential verification, and decentralized learning platforms. IoT devices could create smart classrooms, automate attendance tracking, and enable real-time monitoring. Blockchain would ensure integrity of exam processes and resource allocation, while smart contracts automate agreements. The paper argues this integration has potential to revolutionize education by making it more secure, transparent and efficient, in alignment with NEP goals. However, challenges like infrastructure needs, data privacy, and collaborative efforts are also discussed.
A REVIEW ON THE PERFORMANCE OF COCONUT FIBRE REINFORCED CONCRETE.IRJET Journal
This document provides a review of research on the performance of coconut fibre reinforced concrete. It summarizes several studies that tested different volume fractions and lengths of coconut fibres in concrete mixtures with varying compressive strengths. The studies found that coconut fibre improved properties like tensile strength, toughness, crack resistance, and spalling resistance compared to plain concrete. Volume fractions of 2-5% and fibre lengths of 20-50mm produced the best results. The document concludes that using a 4-5% volume fraction of coconut fibres 30-40mm in length with M30-M60 grade concrete would provide benefits based on previous research.
Optimizing Business Management Process Workflows: The Dynamic Influence of Mi...IRJET Journal
The document discusses optimizing business management processes through automation using Microsoft Power Automate and artificial intelligence. It provides an overview of Power Automate's key components and features for automating workflows across various apps and services. The document then presents several scenarios applying automation solutions to common business processes like data entry, monitoring, HR, finance, customer support, and more. It estimates the potential time and cost savings from implementing automation for each scenario. Finally, the conclusion emphasizes the transformative impact of AI and automation tools on business processes and the need for ongoing optimization.
Multistoried and Multi Bay Steel Building Frame by using Seismic DesignIRJET Journal
The document describes the seismic design of a G+5 steel building frame located in Roorkee, India according to Indian codes IS 1893-2002 and IS 800. The frame was analyzed using the equivalent static load method and response spectrum method, and its response in terms of displacements and shear forces were compared. Based on the analysis, the frame was designed as a seismic-resistant steel structure according to IS 800:2007. The software STAAD Pro was used for the analysis and design.
Cost Optimization of Construction Using Plastic Waste as a Sustainable Constr...IRJET Journal
This research paper explores using plastic waste as a sustainable and cost-effective construction material. The study focuses on manufacturing pavers and bricks using recycled plastic and partially replacing concrete with plastic alternatives. Initial results found that pavers and bricks made from recycled plastic demonstrate comparable strength and durability to traditional materials while providing environmental and cost benefits. Additionally, preliminary research indicates incorporating plastic waste as a partial concrete replacement significantly reduces construction costs without compromising structural integrity. The outcomes suggest adopting plastic waste in construction can address plastic pollution while optimizing costs, promoting more sustainable building practices.
Embedded machine learning-based road conditions and driving behavior monitoringIJECEIAES
Car accident rates have increased in recent years, resulting in losses in human lives, properties, and other financial costs. An embedded machine learning-based system is developed to address this critical issue. The system can monitor road conditions, detect driving patterns, and identify aggressive driving behaviors. The system is based on neural networks trained on a comprehensive dataset of driving events, driving styles, and road conditions. The system effectively detects potential risks and helps mitigate the frequency and impact of accidents. The primary goal is to ensure the safety of drivers and vehicles. Collecting data involved gathering information on three key road events: normal street and normal drive, speed bumps, circular yellow speed bumps, and three aggressive driving actions: sudden start, sudden stop, and sudden entry. The gathered data is processed and analyzed using a machine learning system designed for limited power and memory devices. The developed system resulted in 91.9% accuracy, 93.6% precision, and 92% recall. The achieved inference time on an Arduino Nano 33 BLE Sense with a 32-bit CPU running at 64 MHz is 34 ms and requires 2.6 kB peak RAM and 139.9 kB program flash memory, making it suitable for resource-constrained embedded systems.
Design and optimization of ion propulsion dronebjmsejournal
Electric propulsion technology is widely used in many kinds of vehicles in recent years, and aircrafts are no exception. Technically, UAVs are electrically propelled but tend to produce a significant amount of noise and vibrations. Ion propulsion technology for drones is a potential solution to this problem. Ion propulsion technology is proven to be feasible in the earth’s atmosphere. The study presented in this article shows the design of EHD thrusters and power supply for ion propulsion drones along with performance optimization of high-voltage power supply for endurance in earth’s atmosphere.
artificial intelligence and data science contents.pptxGauravCar
What is artificial intelligence? Artificial intelligence is the ability of a computer or computer-controlled robot to perform tasks that are commonly associated with the intellectual processes characteristic of humans, such as the ability to reason.
› ...
Artificial intelligence (AI) | Definitio
Introduction- e - waste – definition - sources of e-waste– hazardous substances in e-waste - effects of e-waste on environment and human health- need for e-waste management– e-waste handling rules - waste minimization techniques for managing e-waste – recycling of e-waste - disposal treatment methods of e- waste – mechanism of extraction of precious metal from leaching solution-global Scenario of E-waste – E-waste in India- case studies.
Null Bangalore | Pentesters Approach to AWS IAMDivyanshu
#Abstract:
- Learn more about the real-world methods for auditing AWS IAM (Identity and Access Management) as a pentester. So let us proceed with a brief discussion of IAM as well as some typical misconfigurations and their potential exploits in order to reinforce the understanding of IAM security best practices.
- Gain actionable insights into AWS IAM policies and roles, using hands on approach.
#Prerequisites:
- Basic understanding of AWS services and architecture
- Familiarity with cloud security concepts
- Experience using the AWS Management Console or AWS CLI.
- For hands on lab create account on [killercoda.com](https://killercoda.com/cloudsecurity-scenario/)
# Scenario Covered:
- Basics of IAM in AWS
- Implementing IAM Policies with Least Privilege to Manage S3 Bucket
- Objective: Create an S3 bucket with least privilege IAM policy and validate access.
- Steps:
- Create S3 bucket.
- Attach least privilege policy to IAM user.
- Validate access.
- Exploiting IAM PassRole Misconfiguration
-Allows a user to pass a specific IAM role to an AWS service (ec2), typically used for service access delegation. Then exploit PassRole Misconfiguration granting unauthorized access to sensitive resources.
- Objective: Demonstrate how a PassRole misconfiguration can grant unauthorized access.
- Steps:
- Allow user to pass IAM role to EC2.
- Exploit misconfiguration for unauthorized access.
- Access sensitive resources.
- Exploiting IAM AssumeRole Misconfiguration with Overly Permissive Role
- An overly permissive IAM role configuration can lead to privilege escalation by creating a role with administrative privileges and allow a user to assume this role.
- Objective: Show how overly permissive IAM roles can lead to privilege escalation.
- Steps:
- Create role with administrative privileges.
- Allow user to assume the role.
- Perform administrative actions.
- Differentiation between PassRole vs AssumeRole
Try at [killercoda.com](https://killercoda.com/cloudsecurity-scenario/)
Electric vehicle and photovoltaic advanced roles in enhancing the financial p...IJECEIAES
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Advanced control scheme of doubly fed induction generator for wind turbine us...IJECEIAES
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Batteries -Introduction – Types of Batteries – discharging and charging of battery - characteristics of battery –battery rating- various tests on battery- – Primary battery: silver button cell- Secondary battery :Ni-Cd battery-modern battery: lithium ion battery-maintenance of batteries-choices of batteries for electric vehicle applications.
Fuel Cells: Introduction- importance and classification of fuel cells - description, principle, components, applications of fuel cells: H2-O2 fuel cell, alkaline fuel cell, molten carbonate fuel cell and direct methanol fuel cells.