It is considered to be the most perfect solution to address the most recently faced problems in present-day networks such as “Routing, scalability, quality of service engineering management, traffic engineering”

1. MMPPLLSS
““MMuullttiippllee PPrroottooccooll LLaabbeell SSwwiittcchhiinngg””
Presented By: Riham Mohamed Anwer

2. OOvveerrvviieeww::
Introduction.
What is MPLS?
MPLS Functions.
Component.
Operation.
Tunneling in MPLS.
Applications.
MPLS V.S IPv6.

3. IInnttrroodduuccttiioonn::
IP Routing …
is a set of protocols that determine
the path that data follows in order to
travel across multiple networks from
its source to its destination.

4. IIPP RRoouuttiinngg::
But it has some disadvantages...
Connectionless” No quality of service”.
Each router has to make forwarding
decisions independently based on IP address.
Large IP header “at least 20 bytes”.
Routing is slow than switching in Network
Layer.
 Design to obtain shortest path.

5. AATTMM::
In the other side there is Circuit
Switching:
is a type of network in which a physical
path is obtained for and dedicated to a
single connection between two end-points
in the network for the duration of
the connection Like voice phone ..
The telephone company reserves a specific
physical path to the number you are
calling for the duration of your call.

6. BBuutt……....
**EExxppeennssiivvee..
**CCoommpplleexx aass sshhoowwnn bbeellooww..
**NNoott wwiiddeerr aaddoopptteedd..

7. So MPLS has been adopted by IETF
(Internet Engineering Task Force) to
incorporate best properties in both packet
routing & circuit switching.
IP Routing
ATM,FR,Ethernet
SDH,WDW,CSMA
MPLS

8. WWhhaatt iiss MMPPLLSS??
MMPPLLSS iiss aa hhyybbrriidd PPrroottooccooll……

9. WWhhaatt iiss MMPPLLSS ??
It is an Internet Engineering Task Force that
specified frameworks which provides for the
efficient designation, routing, forwarding and
switching of traffic flows through the
network.
 It is considered to be the most perfect
solution to address the most recently faced
problems in present-day networks such as
“Routing, scalability, quality of service
engineering management, traffic engineering”

10. MMPPLLSS FFuunnccttiioonnss::
Specify mechanism to manage traffic flows of
various details or properties such as flows
between different hardware, machines or
flows between different applications.
Still independent of the layer_2 and layer_3
Protocols.
Provides a means to map IP addresses to
simple_fixed length labels used by different
packet_forwarding and packet switching
technologies.

11. Interfaces to existing routing protocols such as
recourse reservation protocol (RSVR) and
Open Shortest Path First (OSPF).
Support the IP, ATM and Frame relay layer_2
protocols.
In MPLS data transmission occurs on label
switched paths(LSPs), which are a sequence of
labels at each node along the path from the
source to destination.

12. MMPPLLSS ccoommppoonneennttss::
LSR (Label Switched Router)
Is a high speed device in the core of MPLS Network
LER (Label Edge Router)
Is a device that works at the edge of the access
network and the MPLS Network
FEC (Forwarding Equivalence Class)
Is a representation of a group of packet that shares
the same requirements for their transport
LIB (Label Information Base)
Is a table built by LSRs to specify how a packet must
be forwarded
LSP (Label Switch Path)

13. MMPPLLSS OOppeerraattiioonn::
There are a few steps must be taken for a
data packet to travel through an MPLS
domain:
1- Label creation and distribution.
Before any traffic the routers make decision to
bind a label to a specific FEC and build their
tables.
2- Table creation at each router.
The contents of the table will specify the
mapping between a label and an FEC. Mapping
between the input port and input label to the
output port and output label.

14. 3- Label-switched path creation.
LSPs are created in the reverse direction to the
creation of entries in the LIBs.
4- Label insertion/table look up.
The first router uses LIB table to find a next hop
and request a label for the specific FEC.
Once the packet gets the final LSR the label is
removed and the packet is supplied to the
destination.
5- Packet forwarding.

15. A simple figure shows how the ddaattaa fflloowwss iinn MMPPLLSS

16. TTuunnnneelliinngg iinn MMPPLLSS::
Creating tunnels through the
intermediary routers that can span
multiple segments.

17. AApppplliiccaattiioonn ooff MMPPLLSS::
Increase network performance because it
enables routing by switching at wire line speeds.
MPLS is simple that allows for easy
implementation.
Support QOS and COS for different service.
achieve service level guarantees.
Supports network scalability.
Avoid N^2 overlay problems with IP-ATM networks.
Provide better IP and ATM integration
Provides a bridge between access IP and ATM.

18. But after all MPLS has some
disadvantages…
Add an additional layer.
The router has to understand MPLS.

19. AAnnyy QQuueessttiioonnss??!!
Or have any one benefit any thing from this
topic?? 

20. TThhaannkkss ffoorr lliisstteenniinngg