The 8085 microprocessor is an 8-bit microprocessor designed by Intel in 1977. It has an accumulator, arithmetic logic unit, general purpose registers, program counter, stack pointer, temporary register, and flag register as its main functional units. The 8085 also includes an instruction register, timing and control unit, interrupt control, serial input/output, address and data buffers, and address and data buses to perform operations and interface with memory and peripheral devices.