Motion sensor light switch
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A motion sensor light switch automatically detects movement and turns lights on, then turns them off again after a period of no movement to save energy. It works similarly to a regular light switch but uses a PIR sensor to detect body heat from humans or animals. The components needed include an AC/DC adapter, relay, transistor, resistor, diode, PIR sensor, bulb, and optional PCB. The PIR sensor detects infrared radiation from warm bodies and triggers its output. It has two modes - normal mode triggers once per motion, and re-triggering mode re-triggers if motion is detected during the on period. The sensor's sensitivity and delay time can be adjusted.
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Solution
lock Diagram of the system
Basic Elements Used
MICRO CONTROLLER
RESISTORS
CAPACITOR
INDUCTOR
POWER DIODE
WATER PUMP
IR SENSORS
DC MOTOR
CONVEYOR BELT
Resistore
A part from resister and inductor, a capacitor is the other basic component used in electronic
circuits. It is a device which
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2. opposes any change of voltage in the circuit in which it is connected;
3. Blocks the passage of direct current through it.
CAPACITOR
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INDUCTOR
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than the signal diodes
POWER DIODE
Sensors
IR Sensors work by using a specific light sensor to detect a select light wavelength in the Infra-
Red (IR) spectrum. By using an LED which produces light at the same wavelength as what the
sensor is looking for, you can look at the intensity of the received light. When an object is close
to the sensor, the light from the LED bounces off the object and into the light sensor. This results
in a large jump in the intensity, which can be detected using a threshold
DRIVER CIRCUIT FOR DC MOTOR
We have used the dc motors to drive conveyer belt and to. The driver circuit for dc motors is
shown below.
COMPARATOR CIRCUIT
Comparator circuit is used in thi.
There is a requirement to design a system to sense the presence of gl.pdf
There is a requirement to design a system to sense the presence of glass bottles leaving an
automatic washer on a production line conveyor belt. The production line is for food products
and the environment is clean and maintained at a temperature of 15 degree C. The system must
meet the following criteria: The switching distance will lie between 5 and 20 mm. The output
from the sensor is to be of binary form, i.e. logical 1 when the part is present and logical 0 when
no part is present. It is necessary to ensure that a change of sensor state occurs closer to the
sensor when a bottle approaches than when it moves away. Bottles will pass the sensor at the
rate of 10 every second. There is no requirement for protection from contact with objects but it
must be proof against water drips. Recommend a suitable sensor and justify your
recommendation. Sketch a diagram that shows the functional blocks within the sensor and
explain each function.
Solution
lock Diagram of the system
Basic Elements Used
MICRO CONTROLLER
RESISTORS
CAPACITOR
INDUCTOR
POWER DIODE
WATER PUMP
IR SENSORS
DC MOTOR
CONVEYOR BELT
Resistore
A part from resister and inductor, a capacitor is the other basic component used in electronic
circuits. It is a device which
1. Has the ability to store charge which neither a resistor nor an inductor can do;
2. opposes any change of voltage in the circuit in which it is connected;
3. Blocks the passage of direct current through it.
CAPACITOR
The electronic component (mostly a coil) which opposes the change of current in circuit is
called an inductor. The ability of coil or inductor due to which it opposes the change of current
flowing through it is known as its inductance. The inductance of an inductor may also be defined
as the ability of an inductor to produce induced voltage when the current varies through it. The
unit of inductance is Henry which is named after Joseph Henry.
INDUCTOR
Diodes allow electricity to flow in only one direction. The arrow of the circuit symbol shows the
direction in which the current can flow. Diodes are the electrical version of a valve and early
diodes were actually called valves. The construction and the fundamental working of the power
diode and signal diode are same but the power handling capacity of the power diode is higher
than the signal diodes
POWER DIODE
Sensors
IR Sensors work by using a specific light sensor to detect a select light wavelength in the Infra-
Red (IR) spectrum. By using an LED which produces light at the same wavelength as what the
sensor is looking for, you can look at the intensity of the received light. When an object is close
to the sensor, the light from the LED bounces off the object and into the light sensor. This results
in a large jump in the intensity, which can be detected using a threshold
DRIVER CIRCUIT FOR DC MOTOR
We have used the dc motors to drive conveyer belt and to. The driver circuit for dc motors is
shown below.
COMPARATOR CIRCUIT
Comparator circuit is used in thi.
ELECTRONIC EYE FOR NIGHT DEVICE SWITCHING USING 555 TIMER
HEAR USING PIR AND LDR SENSORS WE CONTROLLED LIGHT TO GLOW IN NIGHT TIMES THAT TO IN THE PRESENCE OF HUMAN.
fire fighting robot ppt.pptx
The document describes an autonomous fire fighting robot that uses various sensors to detect fires and extinguish them. The robot uses a temperature sensor to detect increases in heat from a fire, a smoke sensor to detect smoke, and an IR sensor for obstacle detection. It is powered by an Arduino and controlled through a motor driver and two DC motors. When a fire is detected, the robot navigates to the location and uses an onboard water pump to extinguish the flames. The robot is designed to protect human lives by performing dangerous firefighting tasks autonomously.
motion sensor light using CD 4017 and IR sensor.pptx
This document describes a student project to create a motion sensor light switch using a CD4017 integrated circuit and infrared sensor. The system is intended to automatically turn lights on when motion is detected within 10 meters and turn them off after a set time period to save energy. The project report outlines the objectives, methodology, circuit diagram, components, advantages and applications of the automatic light switch. It was presented by four electrical engineering students at Angadi Institute of Technology and Management in Belagavi, India under faculty guidance.
Infra systems
Infra systems manufactures various automation sensors and products for home, building, and industrial automation. This includes digital counters, timers, safety guards, anti-crane collision switches, and other devices. The company's products are used to automate processes, improve safety, and save on electricity and water costs when used in buildings and facilities.
Infra systems
Infra systems manufactures various automation sensors and products for home, building, and industrial automation. This includes digital counters, timers, safety guards, anti-crane collision switches, and other devices. The company's products are used to automate processes, improve safety, and save on electricity and water costs when used in homes and buildings. Infra systems also makes safety guards that use infrared beams to detect objects in dangerous machine areas.
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3-6 June 2024, Niš, SerbiaA SYSTEMATIC RISK ASSESSMENT APPROACH FOR SECURING THE SMART IRRIGATION SYSTEMS
The smart irrigation system represents an innovative approach to optimize water usage in agricultural and landscaping practices. The integration of cutting-edge technologies, including sensors, actuators, and data analysis, empowers this system to provide accurate monitoring and control of irrigation processes by leveraging real-time environmental conditions. The main objective of a smart irrigation system is to optimize water efficiency, minimize expenses, and foster the adoption of sustainable water management methods. This paper conducts a systematic risk assessment by exploring the key components/assets and their functionalities in the smart irrigation system. The crucial role of sensors in gathering data on soil moisture, weather patterns, and plant well-being is emphasized in this system. These sensors enable intelligent decision-making in irrigation scheduling and water distribution, leading to enhanced water efficiency and sustainable water management practices. Actuators enable automated control of irrigation devices, ensuring precise and targeted water delivery to plants. Additionally, the paper addresses the potential threat and vulnerabilities associated with smart irrigation systems. It discusses limitations of the system, such as power constraints and computational capabilities, and calculates the potential security risks. The paper suggests possible risk treatment methods for effective secure system operation. In conclusion, the paper emphasizes the significant benefits of implementing smart irrigation systems, including improved water conservation, increased crop yield, and reduced environmental impact. Additionally, based on the security analysis conducted, the paper recommends the implementation of countermeasures and security approaches to address vulnerabilities and ensure the integrity and reliability of the system. By incorporating these measures, smart irrigation technology can revolutionize water management practices in agriculture, promoting sustainability, resource efficiency, and safeguarding against potential security threats.
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Time Division Multiplexing (TDM) is a method of transmitting multiple signals over a single communication channel by dividing the signal into many segments, each having a very short duration of time. These time slots are then allocated to different data streams, allowing multiple signals to share the same transmission medium efficiently. TDM is widely used in telecommunications and data communication systems.
### How TDM Works
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4. **Multiplexer and Demultiplexer**: At the transmitting end, a multiplexer combines multiple input signals into a single composite signal by assigning each signal to a specific time slot. At the receiving end, a demultiplexer separates the composite signal back into individual signals based on their respective time slots.
### Types of TDM
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2. **Asynchronous TDM (or Statistical TDM)**: Asynchronous TDM addresses the inefficiencies of synchronous TDM by allocating time slots dynamically based on the presence of data. Time slots are assigned only when there is data to transmit, which optimizes the use of the communication channel.
### Applications of TDM
- **Telecommunications**: TDM is extensively used in telecommunication systems, such as in T1 and E1 lines, where multiple telephone calls are transmitted over a single line by assigning each call to a specific time slot.
- **Digital Audio and Video Broadcasting**: TDM is used in broadcasting systems to transmit multiple audio or video streams over a single channel, ensuring efficient use of bandwidth.
- **Computer Networks**: TDM is used in network protocols and systems to manage the transmission of data from multiple sources over a single network medium.
### Advantages of TDM
- **Efficient Use of Bandwidth**: TDM all
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Motion sensor light switch
- 1. 7/15/2019 Motion Sensor Light switch https://www.printfriendly.com/p/g/viXxTS 1/4 Motion Sensor Light switch envirementalb.com/motionsensorlightswitch/ A motion sensor light switch is great way of saving energy short fall period. A PIR sensor light switch will automatically detects when someone enter the room or any place where motion sensor is set. Then, after a few minutes(adjusted by your desires) where no movement has been detected, the lights will then automatically turned off. Although a motion sensor switch is indeed a big and important invention . In fact, you can install a motion sensor light switch much in the same way as you would a single pole light switch. Components Needed for this project 1 AC/DC Adapter 6v 1 2 Relay 6v 1=amp 1 3 Transistor BC 547/BC548 or equivalent 1 4 Resistor 1K Ohm 1
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