Solar Powered Led Street Light With Auto Intensity Control

Solar Powered Led Street Light With
Auto Intensity Control

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Solar Powered Led Street Light with Auto Intensity Control:
Solar Powered Led Street Light with

Introduction:
 Solar energy is nothing but the radiant energy emitted by sun. We may
convert this solar energy into electricity either directly using photo
voltaic (PV), or indirectly using concentrated solar power (CSP) with
the help of lenses or mirrors and tracking systems to focus a large area
of sunlight.
 This solar energy is mainly useful in solar street lights, auto solar
irrigation system, traffic junction signal lighting etc.

 Photovoltaic panels are used for charging batteries by converting the
sunlight into electricity. A charge controller circuit is used to control the
charging.
 Intensity of street lights is required to be kept high during the peak
hours. The street lights switch ON at the dusk and then switch OFF at
the dawn automatically. The process repeats every day.

Block Diagram:

Components
 Solar panel
 Lighting fixture
 Rechargeable battery
 Controller
 Pole

Solar Panel:
 Solar panel is one of the most important parts of solar street lights, as solar
panel will convert solar energy into electricity.
There Are 2 Types Of Solar Panel:
• Mono-crystalline
• Poly-crystalline.
 Conversion rate of mono-crystalline solar panel is much higher than poly-
crystalline.

Lighting Fixture:
 LED is usually used as lighting source of modern solar street light, as
the LED will provide much higher lumens with lower energy
consumption.
 The energy consumption of led fixture is at least 50% lower than hps
fixture which is widely used as lighting source in traditional street
lights.
 Led’s lack of warm up time also allows for use of motion detectors for
additional efficiency gains.

Rechargeable Battery:
 Battery will store the electricity from solar panel during the day and provide
energy to the fixture during night.
 The life cycle of the battery is very important to the lifetime of the light and the
capacity of the battery will affect the backup days of the lights.
 There are usually 2 types of batteries: gel cell deep cycle battery and lead acid
battery.

Controller:
 Controller is also very important for solar street light.
 A controller will usually decide to switch on /off charging and lighting.
 Some modern controllers are programmable so that user can decide the
appropriate chance of charging, lighting and dimming.

Pole:
 Strong poles are necessary to all street lights, especially to solar street
lights as there are components mounted on the top of the pole: fixtures,
panels and sometime batteries. And wind resistance should also be
taken into consideration when choosing the pole.

Circuit Diagram:

Circuit Explanation:
 The system consists of two circuits – the charge control circuit and the
load intensity control circuit.
 The charge control circuit consists of 4 parts - overcharge indication,
over load detection with protection and low battery voltage detection
with indication. For each part one comparator of a quad a comparator
IC LM324 is used.
 The load intensity control part consists of the microcontroller which
controls the power supply to the load through the transistor and mosfet
switch so as to vary the intensity of the leds. Here an array of leds is
connected as the load.

Advantages:
 Solar street lights are independent of the utility grid. Hence, the
operation costs are minimized.
 Solar street lights require much less maintenance compared to
conventional street lights.
 Since external wires are eliminated, risk of accidents is minimized.
 This is a non-polluting source of electricity.
 Separate parts of solar system can be easily carried to the remote areas.

Disadvantages:
 Initial investment is higher compared to conventional street lights.
 Risk of theft is higher as equipment costs are comparatively higher.
 Snow or dust, combined with moisture can accumulate on horizontal
pv-panels and reduce or even stop energy production.
 Rechargeable batteries will need to be replaced several times over the
lifetime of the fixtures adding to the total lifetime cost of the light.
 The batteries have to be replaced from time to time.

Features:
 Most solar panels turn on and turn off automatically by sensing outdoor
light using a light source. Solar streetlights are designed to work
throughout the night. Many can stay lit for more than one night if the
sun is not available for a couple of days.
 Older models included lamps that were not fluorescent or led. Solar
lights installed in windy regions are generally equipped with flat panels
to better cope with the winds.
 Latest designs use wireless technology and fuzzy control theory for
battery management. The street lights using this technology can operate
as a network with each light having the capability of performing on or
off the network.

Conclusion:
 The solar energy is one of the important and major renewable sources of
energy and has also proven it useful in functioning of applications like
street lights.
 The charge control is necessary in order to achieve safety and increase
the capacity of the battery. In cities, currently thousands of street lights
are operated and the yearly electricity maintenance cost is very high.
 The initial cost and maintenance can be the draw backs of this project.
With the advances in technology and good resource planning the cost of
the project can be cut down and also with the use of good equipment the
maintenance can also be reduced in terms of periodic checks.

Future Scope:
 The Solar Powered LED Streetlight With Auto Intensity Control can
control the electric charge and intensity of lights.
 This project can be enhanced by using dusk to drawn switch with an
advanced technology to overcome the flows of existing timer based
products and photo sensor based products.

Solar Powered Led Street Light With Auto Intensity Control

Solar Powered Led Street Light With Auto Intensity Control

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