There is a requirement to design a system to sense the presence of glass bottles leaving an automatic washer on a production line conveyor belt. The production line is for food products and the environment is clean and maintained at a temperature of 15 degree C. The system must meet the following criteria: The switching distance will lie between 5 and 20 mm. The output from the sensor is to be of binary form, i.e. logical 1 when the part is present and logical 0 when no part is present. It is necessary to ensure that a change of sensor state occurs closer to the sensor when a bottle approaches than when it moves away. Bottles will pass the sensor at the rate of 10 every second. There is no requirement for protection from contact with objects but it must be proof against water drips. Recommend a suitable sensor and justify your recommendation. Sketch a diagram that shows the functional blocks within the sensor and explain each function. Solution lock Diagram of the system Basic Elements Used MICRO CONTROLLER RESISTORS CAPACITOR INDUCTOR POWER DIODE WATER PUMP IR SENSORS DC MOTOR CONVEYOR BELT Resistore A part from resister and inductor, a capacitor is the other basic component used in electronic circuits. It is a device which 1. Has the ability to store charge which neither a resistor nor an inductor can do; 2. opposes any change of voltage in the circuit in which it is connected; 3. Blocks the passage of direct current through it. CAPACITOR The electronic component (mostly a coil) which opposes the change of current in circuit is called an inductor. The ability of coil or inductor due to which it opposes the change of current flowing through it is known as its inductance. The inductance of an inductor may also be defined as the ability of an inductor to produce induced voltage when the current varies through it. The unit of inductance is Henry which is named after Joseph Henry. INDUCTOR Diodes allow electricity to flow in only one direction. The arrow of the circuit symbol shows the direction in which the current can flow. Diodes are the electrical version of a valve and early diodes were actually called valves. The construction and the fundamental working of the power diode and signal diode are same but the power handling capacity of the power diode is higher than the signal diodes POWER DIODE Sensors IR Sensors work by using a specific light sensor to detect a select light wavelength in the Infra- Red (IR) spectrum. By using an LED which produces light at the same wavelength as what the sensor is looking for, you can look at the intensity of the received light. When an object is close to the sensor, the light from the LED bounces off the object and into the light sensor. This results in a large jump in the intensity, which can be detected using a threshold DRIVER CIRCUIT FOR DC MOTOR We have used the dc motors to drive conveyer belt and to. The driver circuit for dc motors is shown below. COMPARATOR CIRCUIT Comparator circuit is used in thi.

1. There is a requirement to design a system to sense the presence of glass bottles leaving an
automatic washer on a production line conveyor belt. The production line is for food products
and the environment is clean and maintained at a temperature of 15 degree C. The system must
meet the following criteria: The switching distance will lie between 5 and 20 mm. The output
from the sensor is to be of binary form, i.e. logical 1 when the part is present and logical 0 when
no part is present. It is necessary to ensure that a change of sensor state occurs closer to the
sensor when a bottle approaches than when it moves away. Bottles will pass the sensor at the
rate of 10 every second. There is no requirement for protection from contact with objects but it
must be proof against water drips. Recommend a suitable sensor and justify your
recommendation. Sketch a diagram that shows the functional blocks within the sensor and
explain each function.
Solution
lock Diagram of the system
Basic Elements Used
MICRO CONTROLLER
RESISTORS
CAPACITOR
INDUCTOR
POWER DIODE
WATER PUMP
IR SENSORS
DC MOTOR
CONVEYOR BELT
Resistore
A part from resister and inductor, a capacitor is the other basic component used in electronic
circuits. It is a device which
1. Has the ability to store charge which neither a resistor nor an inductor can do;
2. opposes any change of voltage in the circuit in which it is connected;
3. Blocks the passage of direct current through it.
CAPACITOR
The electronic component (mostly a coil) which opposes the change of current in circuit is
called an inductor. The ability of coil or inductor due to which it opposes the change of current

2. flowing through it is known as its inductance. The inductance of an inductor may also be defined
as the ability of an inductor to produce induced voltage when the current varies through it. The
unit of inductance is Henry which is named after Joseph Henry.
INDUCTOR
Diodes allow electricity to flow in only one direction. The arrow of the circuit symbol shows the
direction in which the current can flow. Diodes are the electrical version of a valve and early
diodes were actually called valves. The construction and the fundamental working of the power
diode and signal diode are same but the power handling capacity of the power diode is higher
than the signal diodes
POWER DIODE
Sensors
IR Sensors work by using a specific light sensor to detect a select light wavelength in the Infra-
Red (IR) spectrum. By using an LED which produces light at the same wavelength as what the
sensor is looking for, you can look at the intensity of the received light. When an object is close
to the sensor, the light from the LED bounces off the object and into the light sensor. This results
in a large jump in the intensity, which can be detected using a threshold
DRIVER CIRCUIT FOR DC MOTOR
We have used the dc motors to drive conveyer belt and to. The driver circuit for dc motors is
shown below.
COMPARATOR CIRCUIT
Comparator circuit is used in this project to detect the position of the bottle. The comparator
circuit is shown in below figure
LM339 is the LOW POWER QUAD VOLTAGE COMPARATORS. It compares the voltages at
its INVERTING and NON-INVERTING pins and gives output according to comparison. The
LDR changes its resistance according to the light falling on it. The LED acts as a light source.
When amount of light falling on LDR increases, the resistance of LDR decreases, hence voltage
across it also decreases
Final Circuit Diagram
Conveyor belt
The function of a belt conveyor is to
continuously transport bulk materials of a mixed or homogeneous sort, a variable distance of
some metres to tens of kilometres. One of the principal components of the conveyor is the
elastomer belt which has a double function :
- to contain the conveyed material
- to transmit the force necessary to move the load.

3. The belt conveyor is designed to transport material in a continuous movement on the upper part
of the belt.
For the water supply We have used submersible pumps for the continuous supply.
For the removal of fallen bottle or inappropriate bottle, we have used mechanical arm which is
run by motor and which is connected to the magnetic switch.
From the project work, following points can be concluded.
The Prototype can be used in industrial exhibition for demonstration of the main machine.
By the blending process plant the direct contact of human beings with harmful chemicals can be
avoided.
It is easy to implement and can work accurately according to the program fed in to the
microcontroller.
If any user wants to change the function then he or she can easily modify the program according
to its application.
Conclusion
Thank You
16 bit PC &data pointer (DPTR)
8 bit program status word (PSW)
8 bit stack pointer (SP)
Internal ROM 8k
Internal RAM of 256 bytes.
4 register banks, each containing 8 registers
80 bits of general purpose data memory
32 input/output pins arranged as four 8 bit ports:P0-P3
Two 16 bit timer/counters: T0-T1
Two external and three internal interrupt sources
Oscillator and clock circuits
The 8051 architecture features: