Concentration of gaseous pollutant and particulate matter are the major cause of respiratory disease and deaths. The dust pollution is serious matter almost in all cities of Maharashtra. This paper deals with the results of ambient monitoring of Aurangabad city for particulate matter, sulphur dioxide and nitrogen dioxide. The sulphur dioxide concentration is measured by Modified West and Geake Method whereas nitrogen dioxide is measured by Modified Jacob and Hochheiser method. The results shows a very high concentration of particulate matter, however sulphur dioxide and nitrogen dioxide were within the permissible limits.
Air pollution is the introduction of chemicals or other materials into the atmosphere that can harm humans or the environment. It occurs naturally, such as from volcanoes, or is man-made through processes like fuel combustion from vehicles, factories, and power plants. Air pollutants can be classified as primary emissions or secondary pollutants formed when primary ones react in the air. Air pollution is a major global health risk and causes many respiratory and heart conditions, as well as lung cancer and early death. Efforts to reduce pollution include using cleaner fuels in vehicles and industry and installing pollution control devices.
Preliminary Studies on Mean Levels of Vehicular Emissions at Sections of Ower...ijtsrd
The study, investigated the vehicular emissions on the ambient air quality of sections of Owerri municipal road by measuring the mean concentrations of CO, NO2, SO2, VOCs, NH3 and suspended particulate matter (PM7, PM10 and TSP) arising mainly from the activities of motor vehicles in the month of October, 2017. The sampled stations were Wetheral road, Okigwe road and Control Roundabout, which constitute one of the heaviest traffic congestion hotspots in the city. The sampling was carried out both in the morning and afternoon on four sampling stations and a control point and standard methods were adopted for field investigations. The levels of gaseous emissions from vehicular activities were sampled using a gas measuring meter of models BW Multi gas Monitor, Aeroqual Environmental gas Monitor and Aerocet 531 particle mass monitor for (H2S, CO, NH3, CH4), (NO2, SO2, VOCS) and (Suspended particulate matter ranging from PM1 "“ PM10 and TSP) respectively. The result of the study showed that with the exception of NH3 (3.889ppm) and CO (7.944ppm) other air pollutants NO2 (0.108ppm), SO2 (0.146ppm), VOCs(0.556ppm), PM7 (0.088mgmm3), PM10 (0.140mgmm3) and TSP (0.216mgmm3) measured exceeded the concentration values stipulated by Federal Ministry of Environment (FMEnv.), WHO (World Health Organization) and the United State Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA). This could result to adverse environmental and health implications among the inhabitants. Regular air quality monitoring for better healthy living among residents of the study area is recommended. Dr. Umunnakwe Johnbosco Emeka | Dr. Aharanwa Bibian Chimezie"Preliminary Studies on Mean Levels of Vehicular Emissions at Sections of Owerri Road Nigeria" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-2 | Issue-5 , August 2018, URL: http://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd15745.pdf http://www.ijtsrd.com/other-scientific-research-area/enviormental-science/15745/preliminary-studies-on-mean-levels-of-vehicular-emissions-at-sections-of-owerri-road-nigeria/dr-umunnakwe-johnbosco-emeka
1) The study measured air pollution levels over two years in residential areas in and around Tirupati, India, a popular pilgrimage site that sees over 1 million visitors monthly.
2) Suspended particulate matter (SPM) and respirable particulate matter (PM10) violated national air quality standards, while carbon monoxide levels approached the limit. Sulfur dioxide and nitrogen oxides were within standards.
3) Peak pollution occurred in spring and winter. Summer pollution levels exceeded monsoon and winter levels for most pollutants, influenced both by local factors and meteorology. Overall pollutant levels correlated with each other and with meteorological parameters.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is a team of researchers not publication services or private publications running the journals for monetary benefits, we are association of scientists and academia who focus only on supporting authors who want to publish their work. The articles published in our journal can be accessed online, all the articles will be archived for real time access.
Our journal system primarily aims to bring out the research talent and the works done by sciaentists, academia, engineers, practitioners, scholars, post graduate students of engineering and science. This journal aims to cover the scientific research in a broader sense and not publishing a niche area of research facilitating researchers from various verticals to publish their papers. It is also aimed to provide a platform for the researchers to publish in a shorter of time, enabling them to continue further All articles published are freely available to scientific researchers in the Government agencies,educators and the general public. We are taking serious efforts to promote our journal across the globe in various ways, we are sure that our journal will act as a scientific platform for all researchers to publish their works online.
FACTORS RELATED TO COHb CONTENT TOWARD PARKING OFFICER OF PLAZA X SURABAYAirjes
The aim of thisresearchwas to study the effect of riskfactorsincludesage,gender, workinglives, body position whileworking, smoking habit, blood type, nutrientstatus, level of Hb, to COHblevelsblood in parking officersat X Plaza Surabaya. This researchwas an analyticobservationalstudywhichconducted cross sectional, using simple randomsamplingtechnique. The sample for thisresearchused 30 people.Themeasurement of carbonmonoxide air concentration at parking plaza x conducted on three-point surroundingofficerswork area. COHbcorrelationwithage, workingperiod, Hb, were analyzed usedPearsoncorrelation.The correlationbetweengender, smoking habit and body position whileworking to blood COHBlevelused T sampleanalyzed. The correlationbetweenblood types and bloodCOHblevelwasanalyzedbyanalysis of variance / ANOVA.The Spearman test was used to analyzed thenutritionalstatus. The resultshowedthathighestcarbonmonoxidelevelsfound in motorcyclewhich 16.1 ppm. Ambient air quality standard based on PP No. 41 of 1999 is 10 ppm, if wecomparedwith the resultweconcludethatlevels of CO at parking motor has exceeded the threshold. Based on thisresearch, advised to provide more local exhaust or air conditioning system aroundworking places of parking officers to reduce CO levelwhichproduced by vehicle. Also, weoffer to management handling the parking officers to givevitamin C and vitamin E as antioxidantthatreducetoxic in their body and to give check up facility for health condition regularly
Ambient Air Quality in China - The Impact of Particulate and Gaseous Pollutan...comller
China faces serious air quality challenges due to high levels of outdoor and indoor air pollution that exceed quality standards. Ambient air pollution increases health risks in the population. Enhanced air cleaning devices that combine technologies like HEPA filters, activated carbon, and silver nanoparticles are available to effectively remove air pollutants including PM10, PM2.5, formaldehyde, ozone, sulfur dioxide, nitrogen dioxide, and volatile organic compounds in order to improve indoor air quality. Testing of these devices in cities like Beijing, Shanghai, and Guangzhou show their effectiveness at reducing common pollutants.
VOLUME-7 ISSUE-6, JUNE 2019 , International Journal of Research in Advent Technology (IJRAT) , ISSN: 2321-9637 (Online)
Published By: MG Aricent Pvt Ltd
Air pollution is the introduction of chemicals or other materials into the atmosphere that can harm humans or the environment. It occurs naturally, such as from volcanoes, or is man-made through processes like fuel combustion from vehicles, factories, and power plants. Air pollutants can be classified as primary emissions or secondary pollutants formed when primary ones react in the air. Air pollution is a major global health risk and causes many respiratory and heart conditions, as well as lung cancer and early death. Efforts to reduce pollution include using cleaner fuels in vehicles and industry and installing pollution control devices.
Preliminary Studies on Mean Levels of Vehicular Emissions at Sections of Ower...ijtsrd
The study, investigated the vehicular emissions on the ambient air quality of sections of Owerri municipal road by measuring the mean concentrations of CO, NO2, SO2, VOCs, NH3 and suspended particulate matter (PM7, PM10 and TSP) arising mainly from the activities of motor vehicles in the month of October, 2017. The sampled stations were Wetheral road, Okigwe road and Control Roundabout, which constitute one of the heaviest traffic congestion hotspots in the city. The sampling was carried out both in the morning and afternoon on four sampling stations and a control point and standard methods were adopted for field investigations. The levels of gaseous emissions from vehicular activities were sampled using a gas measuring meter of models BW Multi gas Monitor, Aeroqual Environmental gas Monitor and Aerocet 531 particle mass monitor for (H2S, CO, NH3, CH4), (NO2, SO2, VOCS) and (Suspended particulate matter ranging from PM1 "“ PM10 and TSP) respectively. The result of the study showed that with the exception of NH3 (3.889ppm) and CO (7.944ppm) other air pollutants NO2 (0.108ppm), SO2 (0.146ppm), VOCs(0.556ppm), PM7 (0.088mgmm3), PM10 (0.140mgmm3) and TSP (0.216mgmm3) measured exceeded the concentration values stipulated by Federal Ministry of Environment (FMEnv.), WHO (World Health Organization) and the United State Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA). This could result to adverse environmental and health implications among the inhabitants. Regular air quality monitoring for better healthy living among residents of the study area is recommended. Dr. Umunnakwe Johnbosco Emeka | Dr. Aharanwa Bibian Chimezie"Preliminary Studies on Mean Levels of Vehicular Emissions at Sections of Owerri Road Nigeria" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-2 | Issue-5 , August 2018, URL: http://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd15745.pdf http://www.ijtsrd.com/other-scientific-research-area/enviormental-science/15745/preliminary-studies-on-mean-levels-of-vehicular-emissions-at-sections-of-owerri-road-nigeria/dr-umunnakwe-johnbosco-emeka
1) The study measured air pollution levels over two years in residential areas in and around Tirupati, India, a popular pilgrimage site that sees over 1 million visitors monthly.
2) Suspended particulate matter (SPM) and respirable particulate matter (PM10) violated national air quality standards, while carbon monoxide levels approached the limit. Sulfur dioxide and nitrogen oxides were within standards.
3) Peak pollution occurred in spring and winter. Summer pollution levels exceeded monsoon and winter levels for most pollutants, influenced both by local factors and meteorology. Overall pollutant levels correlated with each other and with meteorological parameters.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is a team of researchers not publication services or private publications running the journals for monetary benefits, we are association of scientists and academia who focus only on supporting authors who want to publish their work. The articles published in our journal can be accessed online, all the articles will be archived for real time access.
Our journal system primarily aims to bring out the research talent and the works done by sciaentists, academia, engineers, practitioners, scholars, post graduate students of engineering and science. This journal aims to cover the scientific research in a broader sense and not publishing a niche area of research facilitating researchers from various verticals to publish their papers. It is also aimed to provide a platform for the researchers to publish in a shorter of time, enabling them to continue further All articles published are freely available to scientific researchers in the Government agencies,educators and the general public. We are taking serious efforts to promote our journal across the globe in various ways, we are sure that our journal will act as a scientific platform for all researchers to publish their works online.
FACTORS RELATED TO COHb CONTENT TOWARD PARKING OFFICER OF PLAZA X SURABAYAirjes
The aim of thisresearchwas to study the effect of riskfactorsincludesage,gender, workinglives, body position whileworking, smoking habit, blood type, nutrientstatus, level of Hb, to COHblevelsblood in parking officersat X Plaza Surabaya. This researchwas an analyticobservationalstudywhichconducted cross sectional, using simple randomsamplingtechnique. The sample for thisresearchused 30 people.Themeasurement of carbonmonoxide air concentration at parking plaza x conducted on three-point surroundingofficerswork area. COHbcorrelationwithage, workingperiod, Hb, were analyzed usedPearsoncorrelation.The correlationbetweengender, smoking habit and body position whileworking to blood COHBlevelused T sampleanalyzed. The correlationbetweenblood types and bloodCOHblevelwasanalyzedbyanalysis of variance / ANOVA.The Spearman test was used to analyzed thenutritionalstatus. The resultshowedthathighestcarbonmonoxidelevelsfound in motorcyclewhich 16.1 ppm. Ambient air quality standard based on PP No. 41 of 1999 is 10 ppm, if wecomparedwith the resultweconcludethatlevels of CO at parking motor has exceeded the threshold. Based on thisresearch, advised to provide more local exhaust or air conditioning system aroundworking places of parking officers to reduce CO levelwhichproduced by vehicle. Also, weoffer to management handling the parking officers to givevitamin C and vitamin E as antioxidantthatreducetoxic in their body and to give check up facility for health condition regularly
Ambient Air Quality in China - The Impact of Particulate and Gaseous Pollutan...comller
China faces serious air quality challenges due to high levels of outdoor and indoor air pollution that exceed quality standards. Ambient air pollution increases health risks in the population. Enhanced air cleaning devices that combine technologies like HEPA filters, activated carbon, and silver nanoparticles are available to effectively remove air pollutants including PM10, PM2.5, formaldehyde, ozone, sulfur dioxide, nitrogen dioxide, and volatile organic compounds in order to improve indoor air quality. Testing of these devices in cities like Beijing, Shanghai, and Guangzhou show their effectiveness at reducing common pollutants.
VOLUME-7 ISSUE-6, JUNE 2019 , International Journal of Research in Advent Technology (IJRAT) , ISSN: 2321-9637 (Online)
Published By: MG Aricent Pvt Ltd
SIMULATION OF ATMOSPHERIC POLLUTANTS DISPERSION IN AN URBAN ENVIRONMENTAM Publications
Interest in air pollution investigation of urban environment due to existence of industrial and commercial activities along with vehicular emission and existence of buildings and streets which setup natural barrier for pollutant dispersion in the urban environment has increased. The air pollution modelling is a multidisciplinary subject when the entire cities are taken under consideration where urban planning and geometries are complex which needs a large software packages to be developed like Operational Street Pollution Model (OSPM), California Line Source model (CALINE series) etc. On overviewing various works it can be summarized that the air pollutant dispersion in urban street canyons and all linked phenomenon such as wind flow, pollutant concentrations, temperature distribution etc. generally depend on wind speed and direction, building heights and density, road width, source and intensity of air pollution, meteorological variables like temperature, humidity etc. A unique and surprising case is observed every time on numerous combinations of these factors. The main aim of this study is to simulate the atmospheric pollutant dispersion for given pollutant like carbon monoxide, sulphur dioxide and nitrogen dioxide and given atmospheric conditions like wind speed and direction. Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) simulation for analysing the atmospheric pollutant dispersion is done after natural airflow analysis. Volume rendering is done for variables such as phase 2 volume fraction and velocity with resolution as 250 pixels per inch and transparency as 20%. It can be observed that all the three pollutant namely nitrogen dioxide, sulphur dioxide and carbon monoxide the phase 2 volume fraction changes from 0 to 1. The wind velocity changes from 3.395×10-13 m/s to 1.692×102 m/s. The dispersion of pollutants follow the sequence Sulphur dioxide>Carbon monoxide>Nitrogen dioxide.
Air pollution is a major public health issue in India, especially in Delhi which has the dirtiest air of any city worldwide according to WHO. Chronic exposure to air pollution significantly increases health risks and diseases like asthma and COPD. While people spend most of their time indoors, indoor air can be 3-5 times more polluted than outdoor air. New technologies like PHIO+ and CPT can effectively purify indoor air and improve health by generating oxidizing ions and plasma to eliminate pollutants, microbes, and odors while also saving energy. These technologies can help maintain healthy indoor air quality in homes and buildings.
Urban Air Quality Modelling and Simulation: A Case Study of Kolhapur (M.S.), ...IDES Editor
As a consequence of urbanization a phenomenal
surge has been observed in the vehicular population in India,
giving rise to elevated levels of traffic related pollutants like
carbon monoxide, nitrogen oxides, hydrocarbons, and
particulates in Indian urban centers. These pollutants can
have both acute and chronic effects on human health. Thus
air quality management needs immediate attention. Air
quality models simulate the physical and chemical processes
occurring in the atmosphere to estimate the atmospheric
pollutant concentration. A variety of air quality models are
available ranging from simple empirical models to complex
Computational Fluid Dynamic (CFD) models. Air quality
models can be a valuable tool in pollution forecasting, air
quality management, traffic management and urban planning.
This paper evaluates the performance of widely used Danish
Operational Street Pollution Model (OSPM) under Indian
traffic conditions. Comparison between predicted and observed
concentrations was performed using both quantitative and
statistical methods. OSPM was found to perform exceedingly
well for the prediction of particulates whereas NO2 predictions
were poorly predicted.
Environmental issues in Delhi threaten the health and well-being of its inhabitants and wildlife. The city suffers from severe air and water pollution. During autumn and winter, crop burning results in smoke and air pollution blowing over Delhi. The Yamuna River, which Delhi depends on for water, is heavily polluted with dissolved oxygen levels and coliform bacteria counts far exceeding acceptable levels due to waste and sewage entering the river. Air pollution is caused mainly by industry and traffic, and may cause thousands of premature deaths annually. Overpopulation and resource overuse put heavy pressure on Delhi's environment.
Delhi air pollution. Dr Aninda Debnath ( MD, AIIMS )Aninda Debnath
This document discusses air pollution in Delhi and its causes and effects. It defines air pollution and different types of air pollutants. The key causes of air pollution in Delhi are vehicular emissions, industrial emissions, biomass burning, and meteorological conditions that trap pollutants near the surface. Air pollution is linked to various health effects like respiratory and cardiac issues. Monitoring is done through programs like NAMP and indices like AQI are used to inform people about pollution levels and health risks.
This document discusses air pollution in Uttar Pradesh, India, with a focus on Lucknow. Some key points:
- Lucknow is the 9th most polluted city in the world based on PM2.5 levels, and 4 cities in Uttar Pradesh are among the 10 most polluted in India.
- Major sources of air pollution in Lucknow are vehicles (87%), road dust (2%), garbage and agricultural burning (4%).
- Air pollution is a leading cause of death in India, with Uttar Pradesh having the most deaths attributed to air pollution in 2017 at 260,028.
- The Indian government launched a National Clean Air Programme to reduce PM 2.5
A case study on Air pollution due to Automobile Exhaust in Bengaluru IRJET Journal
This document summarizes a case study on air pollution due to automobile exhaust in Bengaluru, India. It finds that rapid population growth and increased vehicle ownership have led to higher emissions and degraded air quality. Vehicle exhaust is a major source of air pollution in the city. The study analyzed registered vehicle data and identified pollutants from exhaust. It recommends remote vehicle emissions sensing, engine modifications, fewer driving days, and stronger emissions testing to reduce pollution and improve the environment.
DEVELOPMENT OF DESULFURIZATION PROCESS IN ROMANIA THERMAL POWER PLANTSIAEME Publication
The purpose of this paper is an analysis of the SO2 pollution from Rovinari thermal power plant, before and after the installation of the desulphurisation facility, taking into account the unwanted effects upon the environment and human health. Modeling the dispersion of pollutants for the proximity areas of the Rovinari thermal power plant has been carried out by using the AUSTAL View specialized software within INSEMEX Petrosani. By putting the desulphurisation facilities into operation in phases, there is noticed the compliance with the enforced limit for the SO2 pollutant.
Toronto Air Quality Study - Toronto Environment OfficeJohn Helfrich
Toronto Public Health and Toronto Environment Office commissioned a study of Air Quality in the South Riverdale, Leslieville, Beaches communities. This report was published July 2011. The 5 most significant conclusions are reported in my blog at EastEndTorontoHomes.com
This document provides an analysis of air pollutant distributions from a typical construction site in Brazil. Six major air pollutants are analyzed using the Gaussian plume method. Based on the analysis and air quality standards from Brazil and WHO, emissions of nitrogen dioxide, carbon monoxide, and sulfur dioxide from the construction site pose the highest risk to surrounding areas within 100 meters. Mitigation measures are recommended to control emissions of these pollutants.
Air Pollution Prediction via Differential Evolution Strategies with Random Fo...IRJET Journal
This document discusses using a hybrid machine learning technique combining differential evolution and random forest methods to predict air pollution levels. It analyzes data on various pollutants from two cities in India - Delhi and Patna. The proposed approach is experimentally validated to achieve better performance compared to independent classifiers and multi-label classifiers in terms of accuracy, area under the curve, success index and correlation. Differential evolution is used to initialize population and optimize candidate solutions. Random forest creates an ensemble of decision trees to make predictions. The hybrid method is tested on predicting carbon monoxide, nitrogen dioxide and benzene levels using data from a monitoring station in Delhi.
A PREDICTIVE MODEL FOR OZONE UPLIFTING IN OBSTRUCTION PRONE ENVIRONMENTIAEME Publication
The document presents a predictive model for ozone uplifting in obstruction prone environments. The model is developed using dimensional analysis and relates the natural logarithm of ozone concentration at a height of 4 meters (Y) to the natural logarithm of the ratio of temperature at ground level to temperature at 4 meters (x1) and the natural logarithm of the product of wind speed and solar radiation (x2). Field data of these parameters is collected over 5 days for locations inside and outside an obstruction (fence wall). Regression analysis is used to calibrate the model and results show a correlation coefficient of 0.996 between measured and predicted ozone concentrations.
IJERA (International journal of Engineering Research and Applications) is International online, ... peer reviewed journal. For more detail or submit your article, please visit www.ijera.com
To what extent did the change to an overground meteropolitan light-rail syste...Alex Reavley
This document is a final year project that evaluates the extent to which the change to an overground, metropolitan light-rail (tram) system in Manchester in 1992 influenced air quality. It analyzes air quality data from 1992-2012 on various pollutants and discusses factors that impacted changes in air quality such as changes in fuel consumption and engine efficiency. It also examines patronage levels on Manchester's transport systems and how modal shares changed with the introduction of the tram network. The results showed an average 45.3% decrease in various pollutants, though the specific impacts of the tram system compared to other factors were difficult to distinguish.
This study investigated the daily concentration of lead in roadside topsoil at a roundabout in Osogbo, Nigeria over the course of a week. Samples were collected from eight locations each day and analyzed for lead content. The highest levels of lead were found on Tuesdays and Wednesdays along the route to the government secretariat, accounting for 28% and 29% of daily lead levels, respectively. Automobile exhaust was identified as the primary source of lead contamination. While levels were low compared to other studies, continued monitoring is recommended due to potential health risks from lead exposure, especially for children.
Camilla Andersson is a Swedish researcher specializing in air quality and climate modeling. She received her PhD in 2009 from Stockholm University, studying the dependency of past air pollution on climate variability and source regions over Europe. She has worked as a researcher at the Swedish Meteorological and Hydrological Institute since 2010, leading projects on air pollution modeling and its interaction with climate change. Her research focuses on developing regional air quality models and applying them to study topics like aerosol dynamics, surface ozone levels, particulate matter, and the impacts of climate change and variability on air quality in Europe and Sweden.
This document analyzes highway air pollution in Chennai, India. It aims to quantify the total number of vehicles, estimate road traffic and pollution loads, and compare measured and predicted carbon monoxide concentrations. The study finds that traffic is growing rapidly in Indian cities, leading to increased air pollution from vehicle exhaust. It measures ambient levels of pollutants like CO, HC, NOx, SO2 and SPM at various locations. The CALINE 4 model is used to predict CO concentrations, which are then statistically compared to observed values. The results help assess the impact of vehicular emissions on air quality and inform pollution management efforts.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
This document discusses air pollution, its sources, classification, and impacts on human health and the environment. It provides the following key points:
- Air pollution kills an estimated 7 million people worldwide each year. Many cities in India, including Delhi, are among the most polluted in the world.
- Both natural sources like dust storms and volcanoes as well as anthropogenic sources like vehicle emissions, industrial activities, and biomass burning contribute to air pollution.
- Major air pollutants are particulate matter, sulfur dioxide, nitrogen dioxide, carbon monoxide, ozone, and lead. Exposure can cause respiratory and cardiovascular issues.
- National standards have been established in India to monitor six criteria pollut
This study investigated spatial patterns of air pollution in an industrial estate in Lagos, Nigeria. Seven sampling sites were selected to measure levels of particulate matter (PM10), sulfur dioxide (SO2), nitrogen dioxide (NO2), carbon monoxide (CO), hydrogen sulfide (H2S), methane (CH4), and noise. Statistical analysis using principal component analysis and cluster analysis revealed two main sources of air pollution: traffic emissions contributed most to NO2 levels, while fossil fuel combustion and industrial sources contributed most to SO2, CO, and H2S levels. The levels of SO2, NO2, and PM10 exceeded national standards at some sites, indicating traffic and industrial pollution are problems. Appropriate vehicle emission controls
Case studies in improving urban air qualityngocjos
IGU study finds that the switch to natural gas helps mega-cities dramatically improve air quality and reduce emissions of GHG and air pollutants – enhancing and saving lives. On the sidelines of the COP21 negotiations in Paris the IGU has released a major study that highlights the interconnection that exists between reducing greenhouse gas emissions and reducing emissions of other air pollutants. It presents case studies of efforts in four cities — New York, Istanbul, Toronto, and Beijing — that have tackled or are tackling the issue of improving urban air quality and where gas has featured as the main contributor to their efforts. These cities can provide lessons for other cities seeking to reduce the potentially severe health consequences of urban air pollution.
Air Pollution In Punjab With Special Reference To Mandi Gobindgarh And Surrou...Scott Faria
1. The document analyzes air pollution in Mandi Gobindgarh, Punjab, India and surrounding rural areas.
2. Mandi Gobindgarh has many industries that produce high levels of air pollution, especially particulate matter, making it one of the most polluted towns in India.
3. The study aims to measure air pollution levels, identify sources of pollution, examine health impacts on the population, evaluate control measures, and find solutions to reduce pollution and effects.
SIMULATION OF ATMOSPHERIC POLLUTANTS DISPERSION IN AN URBAN ENVIRONMENTAM Publications
Interest in air pollution investigation of urban environment due to existence of industrial and commercial activities along with vehicular emission and existence of buildings and streets which setup natural barrier for pollutant dispersion in the urban environment has increased. The air pollution modelling is a multidisciplinary subject when the entire cities are taken under consideration where urban planning and geometries are complex which needs a large software packages to be developed like Operational Street Pollution Model (OSPM), California Line Source model (CALINE series) etc. On overviewing various works it can be summarized that the air pollutant dispersion in urban street canyons and all linked phenomenon such as wind flow, pollutant concentrations, temperature distribution etc. generally depend on wind speed and direction, building heights and density, road width, source and intensity of air pollution, meteorological variables like temperature, humidity etc. A unique and surprising case is observed every time on numerous combinations of these factors. The main aim of this study is to simulate the atmospheric pollutant dispersion for given pollutant like carbon monoxide, sulphur dioxide and nitrogen dioxide and given atmospheric conditions like wind speed and direction. Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) simulation for analysing the atmospheric pollutant dispersion is done after natural airflow analysis. Volume rendering is done for variables such as phase 2 volume fraction and velocity with resolution as 250 pixels per inch and transparency as 20%. It can be observed that all the three pollutant namely nitrogen dioxide, sulphur dioxide and carbon monoxide the phase 2 volume fraction changes from 0 to 1. The wind velocity changes from 3.395×10-13 m/s to 1.692×102 m/s. The dispersion of pollutants follow the sequence Sulphur dioxide>Carbon monoxide>Nitrogen dioxide.
Air pollution is a major public health issue in India, especially in Delhi which has the dirtiest air of any city worldwide according to WHO. Chronic exposure to air pollution significantly increases health risks and diseases like asthma and COPD. While people spend most of their time indoors, indoor air can be 3-5 times more polluted than outdoor air. New technologies like PHIO+ and CPT can effectively purify indoor air and improve health by generating oxidizing ions and plasma to eliminate pollutants, microbes, and odors while also saving energy. These technologies can help maintain healthy indoor air quality in homes and buildings.
Urban Air Quality Modelling and Simulation: A Case Study of Kolhapur (M.S.), ...IDES Editor
As a consequence of urbanization a phenomenal
surge has been observed in the vehicular population in India,
giving rise to elevated levels of traffic related pollutants like
carbon monoxide, nitrogen oxides, hydrocarbons, and
particulates in Indian urban centers. These pollutants can
have both acute and chronic effects on human health. Thus
air quality management needs immediate attention. Air
quality models simulate the physical and chemical processes
occurring in the atmosphere to estimate the atmospheric
pollutant concentration. A variety of air quality models are
available ranging from simple empirical models to complex
Computational Fluid Dynamic (CFD) models. Air quality
models can be a valuable tool in pollution forecasting, air
quality management, traffic management and urban planning.
This paper evaluates the performance of widely used Danish
Operational Street Pollution Model (OSPM) under Indian
traffic conditions. Comparison between predicted and observed
concentrations was performed using both quantitative and
statistical methods. OSPM was found to perform exceedingly
well for the prediction of particulates whereas NO2 predictions
were poorly predicted.
Environmental issues in Delhi threaten the health and well-being of its inhabitants and wildlife. The city suffers from severe air and water pollution. During autumn and winter, crop burning results in smoke and air pollution blowing over Delhi. The Yamuna River, which Delhi depends on for water, is heavily polluted with dissolved oxygen levels and coliform bacteria counts far exceeding acceptable levels due to waste and sewage entering the river. Air pollution is caused mainly by industry and traffic, and may cause thousands of premature deaths annually. Overpopulation and resource overuse put heavy pressure on Delhi's environment.
Delhi air pollution. Dr Aninda Debnath ( MD, AIIMS )Aninda Debnath
This document discusses air pollution in Delhi and its causes and effects. It defines air pollution and different types of air pollutants. The key causes of air pollution in Delhi are vehicular emissions, industrial emissions, biomass burning, and meteorological conditions that trap pollutants near the surface. Air pollution is linked to various health effects like respiratory and cardiac issues. Monitoring is done through programs like NAMP and indices like AQI are used to inform people about pollution levels and health risks.
This document discusses air pollution in Uttar Pradesh, India, with a focus on Lucknow. Some key points:
- Lucknow is the 9th most polluted city in the world based on PM2.5 levels, and 4 cities in Uttar Pradesh are among the 10 most polluted in India.
- Major sources of air pollution in Lucknow are vehicles (87%), road dust (2%), garbage and agricultural burning (4%).
- Air pollution is a leading cause of death in India, with Uttar Pradesh having the most deaths attributed to air pollution in 2017 at 260,028.
- The Indian government launched a National Clean Air Programme to reduce PM 2.5
A case study on Air pollution due to Automobile Exhaust in Bengaluru IRJET Journal
This document summarizes a case study on air pollution due to automobile exhaust in Bengaluru, India. It finds that rapid population growth and increased vehicle ownership have led to higher emissions and degraded air quality. Vehicle exhaust is a major source of air pollution in the city. The study analyzed registered vehicle data and identified pollutants from exhaust. It recommends remote vehicle emissions sensing, engine modifications, fewer driving days, and stronger emissions testing to reduce pollution and improve the environment.
DEVELOPMENT OF DESULFURIZATION PROCESS IN ROMANIA THERMAL POWER PLANTSIAEME Publication
The purpose of this paper is an analysis of the SO2 pollution from Rovinari thermal power plant, before and after the installation of the desulphurisation facility, taking into account the unwanted effects upon the environment and human health. Modeling the dispersion of pollutants for the proximity areas of the Rovinari thermal power plant has been carried out by using the AUSTAL View specialized software within INSEMEX Petrosani. By putting the desulphurisation facilities into operation in phases, there is noticed the compliance with the enforced limit for the SO2 pollutant.
Toronto Air Quality Study - Toronto Environment OfficeJohn Helfrich
Toronto Public Health and Toronto Environment Office commissioned a study of Air Quality in the South Riverdale, Leslieville, Beaches communities. This report was published July 2011. The 5 most significant conclusions are reported in my blog at EastEndTorontoHomes.com
This document provides an analysis of air pollutant distributions from a typical construction site in Brazil. Six major air pollutants are analyzed using the Gaussian plume method. Based on the analysis and air quality standards from Brazil and WHO, emissions of nitrogen dioxide, carbon monoxide, and sulfur dioxide from the construction site pose the highest risk to surrounding areas within 100 meters. Mitigation measures are recommended to control emissions of these pollutants.
Air Pollution Prediction via Differential Evolution Strategies with Random Fo...IRJET Journal
This document discusses using a hybrid machine learning technique combining differential evolution and random forest methods to predict air pollution levels. It analyzes data on various pollutants from two cities in India - Delhi and Patna. The proposed approach is experimentally validated to achieve better performance compared to independent classifiers and multi-label classifiers in terms of accuracy, area under the curve, success index and correlation. Differential evolution is used to initialize population and optimize candidate solutions. Random forest creates an ensemble of decision trees to make predictions. The hybrid method is tested on predicting carbon monoxide, nitrogen dioxide and benzene levels using data from a monitoring station in Delhi.
A PREDICTIVE MODEL FOR OZONE UPLIFTING IN OBSTRUCTION PRONE ENVIRONMENTIAEME Publication
The document presents a predictive model for ozone uplifting in obstruction prone environments. The model is developed using dimensional analysis and relates the natural logarithm of ozone concentration at a height of 4 meters (Y) to the natural logarithm of the ratio of temperature at ground level to temperature at 4 meters (x1) and the natural logarithm of the product of wind speed and solar radiation (x2). Field data of these parameters is collected over 5 days for locations inside and outside an obstruction (fence wall). Regression analysis is used to calibrate the model and results show a correlation coefficient of 0.996 between measured and predicted ozone concentrations.
IJERA (International journal of Engineering Research and Applications) is International online, ... peer reviewed journal. For more detail or submit your article, please visit www.ijera.com
To what extent did the change to an overground meteropolitan light-rail syste...Alex Reavley
This document is a final year project that evaluates the extent to which the change to an overground, metropolitan light-rail (tram) system in Manchester in 1992 influenced air quality. It analyzes air quality data from 1992-2012 on various pollutants and discusses factors that impacted changes in air quality such as changes in fuel consumption and engine efficiency. It also examines patronage levels on Manchester's transport systems and how modal shares changed with the introduction of the tram network. The results showed an average 45.3% decrease in various pollutants, though the specific impacts of the tram system compared to other factors were difficult to distinguish.
This study investigated the daily concentration of lead in roadside topsoil at a roundabout in Osogbo, Nigeria over the course of a week. Samples were collected from eight locations each day and analyzed for lead content. The highest levels of lead were found on Tuesdays and Wednesdays along the route to the government secretariat, accounting for 28% and 29% of daily lead levels, respectively. Automobile exhaust was identified as the primary source of lead contamination. While levels were low compared to other studies, continued monitoring is recommended due to potential health risks from lead exposure, especially for children.
Camilla Andersson is a Swedish researcher specializing in air quality and climate modeling. She received her PhD in 2009 from Stockholm University, studying the dependency of past air pollution on climate variability and source regions over Europe. She has worked as a researcher at the Swedish Meteorological and Hydrological Institute since 2010, leading projects on air pollution modeling and its interaction with climate change. Her research focuses on developing regional air quality models and applying them to study topics like aerosol dynamics, surface ozone levels, particulate matter, and the impacts of climate change and variability on air quality in Europe and Sweden.
This document analyzes highway air pollution in Chennai, India. It aims to quantify the total number of vehicles, estimate road traffic and pollution loads, and compare measured and predicted carbon monoxide concentrations. The study finds that traffic is growing rapidly in Indian cities, leading to increased air pollution from vehicle exhaust. It measures ambient levels of pollutants like CO, HC, NOx, SO2 and SPM at various locations. The CALINE 4 model is used to predict CO concentrations, which are then statistically compared to observed values. The results help assess the impact of vehicular emissions on air quality and inform pollution management efforts.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
This document discusses air pollution, its sources, classification, and impacts on human health and the environment. It provides the following key points:
- Air pollution kills an estimated 7 million people worldwide each year. Many cities in India, including Delhi, are among the most polluted in the world.
- Both natural sources like dust storms and volcanoes as well as anthropogenic sources like vehicle emissions, industrial activities, and biomass burning contribute to air pollution.
- Major air pollutants are particulate matter, sulfur dioxide, nitrogen dioxide, carbon monoxide, ozone, and lead. Exposure can cause respiratory and cardiovascular issues.
- National standards have been established in India to monitor six criteria pollut
This study investigated spatial patterns of air pollution in an industrial estate in Lagos, Nigeria. Seven sampling sites were selected to measure levels of particulate matter (PM10), sulfur dioxide (SO2), nitrogen dioxide (NO2), carbon monoxide (CO), hydrogen sulfide (H2S), methane (CH4), and noise. Statistical analysis using principal component analysis and cluster analysis revealed two main sources of air pollution: traffic emissions contributed most to NO2 levels, while fossil fuel combustion and industrial sources contributed most to SO2, CO, and H2S levels. The levels of SO2, NO2, and PM10 exceeded national standards at some sites, indicating traffic and industrial pollution are problems. Appropriate vehicle emission controls
Case studies in improving urban air qualityngocjos
IGU study finds that the switch to natural gas helps mega-cities dramatically improve air quality and reduce emissions of GHG and air pollutants – enhancing and saving lives. On the sidelines of the COP21 negotiations in Paris the IGU has released a major study that highlights the interconnection that exists between reducing greenhouse gas emissions and reducing emissions of other air pollutants. It presents case studies of efforts in four cities — New York, Istanbul, Toronto, and Beijing — that have tackled or are tackling the issue of improving urban air quality and where gas has featured as the main contributor to their efforts. These cities can provide lessons for other cities seeking to reduce the potentially severe health consequences of urban air pollution.
Air Pollution In Punjab With Special Reference To Mandi Gobindgarh And Surrou...Scott Faria
1. The document analyzes air pollution in Mandi Gobindgarh, Punjab, India and surrounding rural areas.
2. Mandi Gobindgarh has many industries that produce high levels of air pollution, especially particulate matter, making it one of the most polluted towns in India.
3. The study aims to measure air pollution levels, identify sources of pollution, examine health impacts on the population, evaluate control measures, and find solutions to reduce pollution and effects.
Study and Analysis of Air Pollution Quality in Lucknow CityIRJET Journal
This document summarizes a study of air pollution in Lucknow City, India. Air quality was measured at 9 locations in April-May 2022, including residential, commercial, and industrial areas. Levels of particulate matter, sulfur dioxide, nitrogen dioxide, and sound were found to exceed national standards. Vehicle emissions, industry, construction, waste burning, and other factors are contributing to increased air pollution in the growing city. Regular monitoring is needed to understand pollution sources and implement effective reduction strategies to address Lucknow's air quality problems.
This document summarizes a seminar presentation on using ornamental plants to improve air quality in cities. It discusses the importance of air quality to human and plant health, sources and types of air pollution, effects of air pollution on people and plants, and criteria for selecting plant species well-suited for controlling urban air pollution. It provides examples of research assessing how urban trees and greenery remove air pollutants. The document concludes that strategic planting of indigenous, pollution-tolerant species can help clean the air and create healthier urban environments.
Impact of Air Quality on Human Health In The Vicinity of Construction Sites i...IJERA Editor
Construction sites are important source of air pollution emitting pollutants like PM10, etc. which adversely affect human health especially the respiratory system. The present study aims at monitoring of PM10, health condition of workers, evaluation of API (Air Pollution Index) and development of correlation between API and human health in the vicinity of construction sites. In the present study relevant literature review has also been carried out to study and analyze the impact of air pollution on human health. Reconnaissance survey of 19 selected construction sites in Delhi-NCR has been conducted for the period January 2013 to December 2013 and health related data of people in the vicinity of construction sites has been collected individually through a questionnaire. The air quality data (for pollutant PM10) for the area in which the selected construction sites lie has been obtained from the continuous monitoring stations of Central Pollution Control Board. The monthly average PM10 concentration in the ambient air for the study period has been obtained for all the sites. The annual average PM10 level of all the sites has been estimated and compared with the prescribed value. Also the air pollution index (API) (for pollutant PM10) has been calculated for each site and compared with the percentage of people suffering with respiratory problems at the respective sites. The results show that the construction sites where the value of API for PM10 is higher there the percentage of people suffering with respiratory diseases has also been higher.
The document discusses air pollution in Bangladesh. It states that Bangladesh has the 4th worst air quality out of 92 countries according to the WHO. Air pollution kills an estimated 15,000 Bangladeshis each year. In rural areas, brick kilns and cooking stoves are major polluters, while in cities industrial emissions and vehicles are primary sources of pollution. Common air pollutants in Bangladesh include particulate matter from traffic jams and industrial emissions. Air pollution causes many health and environmental issues for Bangladeshis. Efforts are needed to control air pollution in the country.
Environmental health Effect and Air Pollution from cigarette smokers in Cross...IOSR Journals
The document examines the environmental health effects and air pollution from cigarette smokers in Cross River State, Nigeria. It analyzes data collected through questionnaires distributed to over 87,000 men across the state's 18 local government areas. The results show high levels of smoking, with the average number of cigarettes consumed per person per day ranging from 12 to 30. Over 900 patients were found to have smoking-related diseases like lung cancer, heart attacks, and respiratory illnesses. The study concludes that air pollution from cigarette smoking is a major contributor to health issues in Cross River State.
Heavy metal-contamination-in-solid-aerosols-and-top-soils-of-faisalabad-envio...Ijcem Journal
This document summarizes a study analyzing heavy metal contamination in solid aerosols and top soils in Faisalabad, Pakistan. Atomic absorption spectrometry was used to analyze samples of solid aerosols and soils from 50 sites for levels of cadmium, copper, zinc and lead. The study found elevated levels of cadmium and lead in solid aerosols, and all four metals in soils, with concentrations highest in industrial and commercial areas. Statistical analysis showed significant variability between sites. The authors conclude that various industries are contributing heavy metals to the local environment and negatively impacting human health.
Environmental health Effect and Air Pollution from cigarette smokers in Cross...IOSR Journals
This document summarizes a study assessing air pollution and environmental health effects from cigarette smokers in Cross River State, Nigeria. The study distributed questionnaires to over 87,000 men across the state's 18 local government areas, finding that the number of smokers ranged from around 4,000 to over 6,000 per area. The average number of cigarettes consumed per day varied significantly between areas but was generally between 12-30 cigarettes. The study also interviewed patients and found high numbers of people suffering from diseases linked to smoking like lung cancer, heart attacks, and strokes. In conclusion, the data collected suggests that cigarette smoking is a major contributor to air pollution and negative health effects in Cross River State.
Exceedance level of air pollutants in an urban area as a toolLaukik Raut
The air pollution exceedance status of an urban area has been studied for three different location for six
different air pollutants such as Sulphur dioxide (SO2), Oxides of nitrogen (NOx), by Wet chemical method
(West & Gaeke Method & Jacob & Hochheiser Method), Heavy Metal (Pb) by ICP-OES (Perkin Elmer),
and PAHs [benzo(a)anthracene] & Fluoranthene by using GC (Perkin Elmer), and Particulate Matter
(SPM, PM10,) by Federal Reference Method (Rupprecht & Patashnick Co.In) for one annual cyclic season
along with meteorological data (wind speed and direction). Seasonally variation of air pollution
parameters with respect to month throughout one year was studies and it has been observed that a suitable
control over few pollutants is needed in all the land uses. The air purification system is hence evaluated for
varying land uses. These results can be effectively used as tool for designing of air purification system.
This document summarizes a research study analyzing air pollution levels in Delhi, India during a period of hazy conditions in winter 2012. Monitoring data from three locations in Delhi showed elevated levels of particulate matter (PM10 and PM2.5), nitrogen dioxide, carbon monoxide and low winds compared to previous years. The hazy conditions lasted approximately 20 days and were attributed to factors like agricultural waste burning in neighboring states and a cyclone off the coast of Tamil Nadu, in addition to Delhi's geography and density. The study aimed to understand the cause of the unusually hazy conditions and resulting health concerns.
Air Pollution: Ways to tackle it in India vs other countriesUnnati Garg
Presentation on Air Pollution: Ways to tackle it in India vs other countries. It includes the causes of air pollution and ways to eradicate it used by India and other countries.
The document discusses air quality related issues and the causes and effects of air pollution. It provides background on key topics like what is air pollution, common air pollutants, and air quality indices. It then examines global issues like the haze problems in Southeast Asia countries. Local issues in Malaysia are also discussed such as the 2013 haze episode and its health and economic impacts. Studies on the health risks of air pollution in Klang Valley and CO2 emissions in Malaysia are summarized. The document concludes that both global and local factors contribute to air pollution, which affects health, education, and economies.
Urban Air Quality Modelling and Simulation: A Case Study of Kolhapur (M.S.), ...IDES Editor
As a consequence of urbanization a phenomenal
surge has been observed in the vehicular population in India,
giving rise to elevated levels of traffic related pollutants like
carbon monoxide, nitrogen oxides, hydrocarbons, and
particulates in Indian urban centers. These pollutants can
have both acute and chronic effects on human health. Thus
air quality management needs immediate attention. Air
quality models simulate the physical and chemical processes
occurring in the atmosphere to estimate the atmospheric
pollutant concentration. A variety of air quality models are
available ranging from simple empirical models to complex
Computational Fluid Dynamic (CFD) models. Air quality
models can be a valuable tool in pollution forecasting, air
quality management, traffic management and urban planning.
This paper evaluates the performance of widely used Danish
Operational Street Pollution Model (OSPM) under Indian
traffic conditions. Comparison between predicted and observed
concentrations was performed using both quantitative and
statistical methods. OSPM was found to perform exceedingly
well for the prediction of particulates whereas NO2 predictions
were poorly predicted.
Ambient Air Quality and Noise Assessment in Eleme Communities, Rivers State, ...GIFT KIISI NKIN
NKIN GIFT KIISI
Problems caused by ambient air pollution on human and the environment can be averted by steadily and strictly monitoring of the concentrations of outdoor pollutants. Human activities have triggered changes in the earths atmosphere. In this research, 7(Seven) selected Eleme communities, 4(four) zones in each community and 28(Twenty eight) sampling points in all locations were assessed for the concentrations of CO, SO2 , NO2 , NO, CO2 , SPM, O2 , noise level and as well Meteorological parameters using methods recommended by ASTM for air pollutants measurement and meteorological parameters. Findings of this research showed that, measured level of CO (1.00 - 43.00 ppm) at Akpajo, Aleto and Onne zone "B" exceeded the stipulated limit by NAAQS. Measured level of SO2 (0.00 - 1.30 ppm) at zone "B" and "D" in all locations were above permissible limit except in Alode and Ogale in which the concentrations of SO2 were 0.00 ppm through out the zones. NO2 (0.00 - 3.10 ppm) and NO (0.00 - 1.05 ppm) concentrations in zone "B" in all the
sampling locations exceeded the permissible limit by NAAQS except in Alode and Ogale. Aleto and Ogale zone "D" were also above limits. SPM(0.01 - 4.83 ppm) Levels in all locations and zones exceeded the limit given by W.H.O except in Ogale residential area. Noise Level (40.20 - 102 dBA) at Alesa, Aleto, Akpajo and Ebubu zone "B" were as well above
limits. In order to address the risk connected with the identified pollutants in the study area, more endeavour should be conveyed to the use of renewable energy and as well, cleaner air initiatives should be embarked upon.
Ambient Air Quality and Noise Assessment in Eleme Communities, Rivers State, ...GIFT KIISI NKIN
Problems caused by ambient air pollution on human and the environment can be averted by steadily and strictly monitoring of the concentrations of outdoor pollutants. Human activities have triggered changes in the earths atmosphere. In this research, 7(Seven) selected Eleme communities, 4(four) zones in each community and 28(Twenty eight) sampling points in all locations were assessed for the concentrations of CO, SO2 , NO2 , NO, CO2 , SPM, O2 , noise level and as well Meteorological parameters using methods recommended by ASTM for air pollutants measurement and meteorological parameters. Findings of this research showed that, measured level of CO (1.00 - 43.00 ppm) at Akpajo, Aleto and Onne zone "B" exceeded the stipulated limit by NAAQS. Measured level of SO2 (0.00 - 1.30 ppm) at zone "B" and "D" in all locations were above permissible limit except in Alode and Ogale in which the concentrations of SO2 were 0.00 ppm through out the zones. NO2 (0.00 - 3.10 ppm) and NO (0.00 - 1.05 ppm) concentrations in zone "B" in all the sampling locations exceeded the permissible limit by NAAQS except in Alode and Ogale. Aleto and Ogale zone "D" were also above limits. SPM(0.01 - 4.83 ppm) Levels in all locations and zones exceeded the limit given by W.H.O except in Ogale residential area. Noise Level (40.20 - 102 dBA) at Alesa, Aleto, Akpajo and Ebubu zone "B" were as well above limits. In order to address the risk connected with the identified pollutants in the study area, more endeavour should be conveyed to the use of renewable energy and as well, cleaner air initiatives should be embarked upon.
Keywords: Ambient Air; Pollution; Assessment; Eleme communities; Rivers Sate; Nigeria
Introduction
Activities and processes which include urbanization, population explosion industrialization and as well as intensive agricultural activities and bush burning have caused colossal damage to our environment [1,2,3]. Increase in population of human beings is closely associated with increase in industrialization and urbanization thereby resulting to the
destruction of natural habitat and pollution of the biosphere more and more. Air pollution may be defined as any atmospheric condition in which certain substances are present in such concentrations that they can produce undesirable effects on Man and his environment [2]. These substances include gases which are Sulphur Oxides, Nitrogen Oxides, Carbon Monoxide, Hydrocarbons and as well, particulate matter which are Smoke, Dust, Fumes, Aerosols among others. Moreover, radioactive materials and many others are also considered as air pollutants. Most of these substances are naturally present in low concentrations in the atmosphere and are usually considered to be harmless[3]. considering the sources of these pollutants, quite a number of them enters the atmosphere as a result of anthropogenic activities( human activities). On the basis of physical states, there are two major groups of air pollutants.
Similar to Monitoring of Particulate Matter and Gaseous Pollutant in Aurangabad City (20)
Axial Capacity Enhancement of CFRP Confined Columns Made of Steel Fiber Reinf...IOSRJMCE
Results of the experimental study on the axial compressive behavior of steel fiber reinforced concrete (SFRC) wrapped with fiber reinforced polymer (FRP) have been presented in this paper. A total of 18 concrete cylinders were tested under axial compression. The effects of steel fiber parameters were investigated which includes fiber aspect ratio (AR) and fiber volume fraction (VF). The concrete cylinders were divided into groups of confined and unconfined ones. In accordance with previous study, it was found that, FRP confined cylinders showed greater axial stress than that of unconfined specimens. Although the presence of steel fiber increases the peak axial stresses for both confined and unconfined group of specimens, but no significant change of peak axial stress (and peak strain) has been observed in both confined and unconfined group due to increase of fiber volume ratio. But with the increase of fiber aspect ratio, the peak axial stresses of both unconfined and FRPconfined cylinders were found to slightly decrease. It was also observed that, concrete specimens reinforced with internal steel fiber absorbed much higher energy than that of unreinforced ones.
Smart Response Surface Models using Legacy Data for Multidisciplinary Optimiz...IOSRJMCE
One of the key challenges in multidisciplinary design is integration of design and analysis methods of various systems in design framework. To achieve Multidisciplinary Design Optimization (MDO) goals of aircraft systems, high fidelity analysis are required from multiple disciplines like aerodynamics, structures or performance. High Fidelity Analysis like Computer-Aided Design and Engineering (CAD/CAE) techniques, complex computer models and computation-intensive analyses/simulations are often used to accurately study the system behaviour towards design optimization. Due to high computational cost and numerical noise associated with these analyses, they cannot be used effectively. The use of surrogates or Response Surface Models (RSM) is one approach in Multi Disciplinary design optimization to avoid the computation barrier and to take care of artificial minima due to numerical noise. This paper brings out a method based on use of “Smart Response Surface Models" to generate surrogate models, with its validated subspace, in the design space around the point of interest with the use of legacy data for MDO. The method has been evaluated on three test cases, which are created based on High Speed Civil Transport (HSCT) Multidisciplinary Design Optimization Test Suite
Experimental and Numerical Modal Analysis of a Compressor Mounting BracketIOSRJMCE
Experimental modal analysis has grown steadily in popularity since the advent of the digital FFT spectrum analyzer in the early 1970’s. Today, impact testing (or bump testing) has become widespread as a fast and economical means of finding the modes of vibration of a machine or structure. In this paper, it presents the experimental and numerical modal analysis of a compressor mounting bracket (CMB). The dynamic behavior of CMB is investigated through impact testing. The three-dimensional finite element models are constructed using Altair HyperMesh and an numerical modal analysis is then performed to generate natural frequencies and mode shapes in the three-orthogonal directions. The finite element model agrees well with the experimental tests and eventually it helps the designer to design upfront with much lesser cost and time of experimentation
Analysis and Design Aspects of Support Measures of Main Caverns of Karuma Hyd...IOSRJMCE
The Power house complex of Karuma Hydropower project comprises three main caverns i.e Power house, Transformer Hall and Tailrace surge gallery set at a depth of about 80m in mainly granitic gneiss rock medium. The cavern has been oriented in a N141° direction based on engineering considerations. The principle stress direction is also found nearly parallel to the axis of the caverns and thus the present orientation satisfies both engineering and geotechnical criteria. The support by way of rock anchors and SFRS/ Plain shotcrete has been provided based on analysis using phase 2 software. The underground caverns lie in low geostress field and therefore numerical simulation of excavation of these caverns were done to understand the rock mass behavior during excavation and thus help in design of excavation sequence and rock support. The excavation of all three caverns has since been completed and concrete works are in progress. This paper sums up the 3D simulation analysis of the rock medium and the proposed rock support system for the three caverns.
A Review: Effect of Laser Peening Treatment on Properties And Life Cycle of D...IOSRJMCE
- In this review, the effect of laser peening process with and without protective coating is discussed over the different material and it is observed that the residual stress are induced in material surface up to some depth according to process parameters of LSP. Fatigue strength and micro-hardness of material are enhance by inducing residual stresses which further depends on process parameters and material properties.
Experimental Evaluation of Refrigerant Mixtures as Substitutes for HFC134aIOSRJMCE
The document describes an experimental evaluation of refrigerant mixtures as substitutes for HFC134a in a 200 liter domestic refrigeration system. The study tested mixtures of propane (R290) and butane (R600a) at different mass ratios, including R600a/R290 at ratios of 70/30, 60/40, and 50/50 by weight percent. The results showed that the R600a/R290 mixture at a ratio of 60/40 performed better than the other mixtures and HFC134a in terms of refrigerating effect and coefficient of performance. Specifically, the 60/40 mixture achieved a refrigerating effect 10% higher than HFC134a at -5°C and 35.
Simulation and Analysis of Electrolyte Flow Pattern in ECM for L-Shaped Tool ...IOSRJMCE
Electrochemical machining (ECM) is a non-traditional machining method based on principle of reverse electroplating (anode loses metal to cathode). ECM uses principal of electrolysis to remove metal from the work piece. Due to improper tool design of complicated shapes, there are chances of passivation and boiling of electrolyte in ECM process that causes poor machining. In this present study three dimensional flow pattern of ECM process has been simulated using Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) in L-shaped tool models. This work is for optimizing the design of L-shaped tool and to study the flow pattern, current density distribution, velocity profile, temperature pattern, turbulence and final shape change of workpiece top surface. ANSYS was used for design and simulating this CFD problem, the geometrical model consists of a circular workpiece made with Iron, 20% brine solution (NaCl) as electrolyte and L-shaped copper tool with different kind of grooves.
Study on Transverse Displacement in Composite Laminated Plates across Thickne...IOSRJMCE
: In this paper main focus is given on alternative ways of thermal load applied through the thickness of laminated composite plate. Research has assumed gradient or constant thermal profile along the thickness of the plate. Laminated composite is a complex material therefore assumed loading profiles may not obey the gradient or constant thermal profile path therefore, as a research in all total 10 thermal profiles are studied. The results in tabular and graphical forms are presented along with discussion. First Order Shear Deformation Theory (FOST) is used for analysis. Various quantities, namely in plane as well as transverse displacements and stresses are obtained when thermal load is applied in various orientations along the thickness of the plate. Main focus in this article is analysis of transverse shear displacement and results are presented in tabular and graphical form.
Study of Forced Convection Heat Transfer with Single phase and mixture phase ...IOSRJMCE
In this study, forced convection heat transfer of nanoliquids is done using both single-phase and mixture-phase models and the results are compared with experimental results. The governing equations of the study here are discretized using the finite volume method. Hybrid differencing scheme is used to calculate the face values of the control volumes. A code is written using SIMPLER algorithm and then solved using the MATLAB engine. The mixture-phase model studied here, considers two slip mechanisms between nanoparticle and base-fluid, namely Brownian diffusion and thermophoresis. Al2O3-water nanofluid is used for the study of nanofluid and the study shows significant increase in convective heat transfer coefficient while the mixturephase model demonstrates slightly lower values than the single-phase model. The study is done with various nanoparticle concentrations and Reynolds numbers. With increasing particle concentration and Reynolds number, the convective heat transfer coefficient increases and as well as the shear stress. For low concentrations of the nanoparticle, Nusselt number is slightly lower than the base fluid and as the concentration increases, the Nusselt number also rises higher than the base fluid
Eigenvalue Buckling Computation and Impact on Pipeline Wall Thickness and Sub...IOSRJMCE
Submarine pipelines used in the transportation of hydrocarbon in the oil and gas industry are usually subjected to external hydrostatic pressure and compressive stresses resulting in susceptibility to buckling and loss of structural stability. The objective of the present work was to examine influence of wall thickness on eigenvalue buckling load and hydrostatic pressure on ocean depth. Linear buckling analysis was conducted employing finite element method using ANSYS software package and the simulation was conducted varying wall thickness and ocean depth. The investigation showed collapse buckling pressure decreased linearly with ocean water depth but increased with thickness increment. Pipeline buckling failure can be minimized with wall thickness optimization design and selection.
Mechanical Analysis of an Ixtle Based Cable for Its Use in ArchitectureIOSRJMCE
1) The document analyzes the mechanical properties of ixtle fibers from the Agave lechuguilla plant for potential use in architectural structures. Tests were conducted on loose fibers and fibers entwined together to analyze tensile strength.
2) Samples of stabilized clay soil were prepared with and without the addition of ixtle fibers. The effect of fiber length on adhesion and cracking was examined.
3) Compression tests showed soil mixtures without fiber had strength of 12kg/cm2, while adding fiber increased strength to 18kg/cm2, indicating potential to enhance earthen building materials.
Application of Artificial Neural Networking for Determining the Plane of Vibr...IOSRJMCE
In this paper a new approach for Artificial Neural Networking using Feed Forward Back Propagation Method and Levenberg-Marquardt backpropagation training function has been developed using Java Programming, where by directly feeding the RMS and Phase values of vibration, the unbalance plane can be detected with minimum error. In a Machine Fault Simulator RMS value and phase values of vibrations are collected from the four accelerometers placed in X and Y direction of Left and Right Bearings .Further these data are fed into the neural network for training purpose. In the testing phase of the neural network, the plane of vibration has been determined using different training algorithms available in MATLAB. Their prediction values have been compared with the actual value, errors for different training algorithms are calculated and a conclusion has been drawn for the best training function available for this current research work.
Effect of Stiffening System on Building Resistance to Earthquake ForcesIOSRJMCE
Multi-story steel buildings of various heights under the action of earthquake force are analyzed by using time-history analysis technique. The ground motion records of El Centro, California in 1940 are considered in this study. Different types of stiffening systems (bracing and shear walls) are used for the considered buildings. The main objective of this study is to evaluate the response of steel structures subjected to earthquake excitation and to investigate the effect of various stiffening systems in improving the response of these buildings. The finite element method of SAP 2000 V17program is used in the analysis. A static analysis is conducted to obtain an indication on the stiffness of the studied stiffening models in order to interpret the stiffness effect on the response of the structures under the seismic load. It is found that, the natural period of a structure is highly affected by the height of the structure and the used stiffeningsystem. It is inversely proportional with the stiffness and directly proportional with the height of the structure. It is concluded that the roof displacement andits maximum value at a specific momentdoes not give a clear indication for the behavior of building. Therefore the full time response of the building must be considered. Also it has been concluded that it is not necessarily when the stiffness of a building increases, the roof or any story displacement of the building decreases under earthquake load.
Resource Optimization of Construction Project Using Primavera P6IOSRJMCE
Construction projects are unique in nature, having their own difficulties, uncertainties and risks, posing never-ending questions concerning the resources and costs. There is always a conflict between ‘how much it will cost?’ and ‘where to raise the finances from?’. The success of a project depends upon the efficiency with which the project management gets the work done by utilizing the planned resources of men, materials, machinery, money and time.. In large scale projects, preparing an accurate and workable plan is very difficult. Resources are required to carry out specific tasks in a project, but the availability of resources within a given firm is always limited. While preparing the schedule structure, the Project Manager might schedule certain tasks in parallel. In such cases it might be possible that the same resource is being used in both the parallel tasks, while its availability is limited. This paper emphasises how the Project Manager could resolve such conflicts by using Resource Balancing in modern softwares such as Primavera (P6) R8.3, to reduce laborious computations. In this paper, the Resource Balancing techniques namely smoothing & leveling have been investigated in detail. This paper uses a case study in order to portray how Resource Balancing could be done using Primavera p6 and its effects are on the duration and cost of the entire project.
Optimization of Electrical Discharge Machining Process Parameters using SCM42...IOSRJMCE
This document summarizes research that used response surface methodology to optimize the electrical discharge machining (EDM) process parameters when machining SCM420 low alloy steel. The researchers investigated the effects of peak current, pulse on time, and gap voltage on material removal rate (MRR) and surface roughness (Ra). They conducted experiments according to a central composite design and analyzed the results to develop mathematical models relating the process parameters to the output responses. The analysis found that peak current had the greatest influence on both MRR and Ra, with MRR increasing and Ra decreasing at higher peak current levels. Optimal values for the process parameters to achieve high MRR and low Ra were determined to be a peak current of 22 amps, pulse
Efficient Mass Participation Ratio of Building with BasementIOSRJMCE
This study investigates the effect of basement floor(s) on seismic analysis of buildings. Considering the basement floor(s) in the seismic analysis using response spectrum method creates a problem regarding the mass participation ratio (MPR) which should not be less than 90% of total mass of building as a requirement by the code. While the MPR depending on the number of mode shapes used in the modal analysis, some codes allow to neglect this ratio with condition that use a reduced number of mode shapes with some restrictions to calculate it. A parametric study was performed to investigate this reduced number of mode shapes and a new restriction was performed to calculate it. The natural period, the top lateral displacement and the internal straining actions using the reduced numbers of mode shapes were compared with those of building where using the number of mode shape which can reach 90% MPR. Finite element simulations are conducted using ANSYS program to investigate the effect of basement floor(s). Results are presented for different buildings by considering different numbers of floors for the super structure (2, 5, 10, 15 and 20), the number of basements (1 and 3) and spring support stiffness, which simulate the effect of soil. The numerical results of the considered cases show that the requirement of 90% MPR can be neglect by using a reduced number of mode shapes and some restrictions stated in this study. In such case the accuracy will be not less than 95%.
Literature Review of Experimental Study on Load Bearing Masonry WallIOSRJMCE
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Monitoring of Particulate Matter and Gaseous Pollutant in Aurangabad City
1. IOSR Journal of Mechanical and Civil Engineering (IOSR-JMCE)
e-ISSN: 2278-1684,p-ISSN: 2320-334X, Volume 14, Issue 1 Ver. I (Jan. - Feb. 2017), PP 10-15
www.iosrjournals.org
DOI: 10.9790/1684-1401011015 www.iosrjournals.org 10 | Page
Monitoring of Particulate Matter and Gaseous Pollutant in
Aurangabad City
Gajanan Shelke1
, Dr.Mohammed Sadeque2
1
Post Graduate Student Environmental Engg., Jawaharlal Nehru Engineering College, Aurangabad.
2
Associate Professor, Dept. of Civil Engg., Jawaharlal Nehru Engineering College , Aurangabad.
Abstract: Concentration of gaseous pollutant and particulate matter are the major cause of respiratory disease
and deaths. The dust pollution is serious matter almost in all cities of Maharashtra. This paper deals with the
results of ambient monitoring of Aurangabad city for particulate matter, sulphur dioxide and nitrogen dioxide.
The sulphur dioxide concentration is measured by Modified West and Geake Method whereas nitrogen dioxide
is measured by Modified Jacob and Hochheiser method. The results shows a very high concentration of
particulate matter, however sulphur dioxide and nitrogen dioxide were within the permissible limits.
Keywords: Pollution, particulate matter, gaseous pollutant, human health.
I. Introduction
Air, that human breath is mixture of gases and small solid and liquid particles. On an average a person
breathes 22,000 times a day and take in about 24 kg of air in the process to sustain the requirement of oxygen.
Air pollution has three main sources from human activities; stationary mobile and indoor. Air pollution occur
when air contains substance in quantities that could harm the comfort or health of human and animals, or could
called air pollutant and can be either particles, liquids or gaseous in nature [1]. The air pollutants can be
classified as primary or secondary pollutants. The primary air pollutants are harmful chemicals which directly
enter the air due to natural events of human activities. A secondary air pollutant is a harmful chemical produced
in the air due to chemical reaction between two or more components. That is primary pollutant combines with
some component of the atmosphere to produce a secondary pollutant [2]. Among the most common and
poisonous air pollutants are sulphur dioxide (SO2), formed when fossil fuels such as coal, gas and oil are used
for power generation; suspended particulate matter (SPM), solid and liquid particles emitted from numerous
man -made and natural sources such as industrial dust, volcanic eruptions and diesel-powered vehicles; and
nitrogen oxides (NOx), from natural sources such as lightning, fires [3]. Particulate matter (PM) is the generic
term used for a type of air pollutants, consisting of complex and varying mixtures of particles suspended in the
breathing air, which vary in size and composition, and are produced by a wide variety of natural and
anthropogenic activities. Major sources of particulate pollution are factories, power plants, refuse incinerators,
motor vehicles, construction activity, fires, and natural windblown dust. For ambient air quality monitoring
particle size with aerodynamic diameter smaller than 2.5mm (PM2.5) and 10mm (PM10) are taken into
consideration. The size of the particles varies (PM2.5 and PM10 for aerodynamic diameter smaller than 2.5 mm
and 10 mm respectively) [4]. Nitrogen dioxide and related nitrogen oxides (NOx) are produced when fuel is
burned. These compounds contribute to ozone formation and are a health problem themselves. The effect of
NOx exposure on the respiratory system is similar to that of ozone and sulphur dioxide. Nitrogen oxides are by-
products of fuel combustion and contribute to the formation of ground-level ozone. Health effects include
coughing, shortness of breath, and decreased lung function [5]. A sulphur dioxide is a primary air pollutant and
its source is human activities and sometimes even natural events are responsible for it. As a result of chemical
reaction of primary air pollutants, secondary air pollutants like sulphuric acid are produced in the atmosphere
[6]. All these particulate matter and gaseous pollutant has adverse effect on environment and human health
.Worldwide epidemiological studies show a consistent increase in cardiac and respiratory morbidity and
mortality from exposure to particulate matter(PM) [7].PM is a key ingredient of polluted air and its estimated to
killed more than 500,000 people each year [8].Each 10 µg/m3
elevation in fine particulate air pollution has been
associated with approximately with 4,6 and 8% increased risk of all cause, cardio pulmonary and lung cancer
mortality respectively [9].In December 1952, a dense smog containing sulphur dioxide and smoke particulate
descended upon London, resulting in more than 3,000 excess deaths oven 3 weeks and as many as 12,000
through February 1953 [10].Children are particularly sensitive as their lungs as well as immune system are not
completely developed when compared to adult one [11].To prevent this staggering loss of life we must
understand the characteristics of toxic particles and gain insight into how these characteristics are related to
adverse health effect [12].
Since most of the study the pollution studies in India focused on megacities, as smaller cities were generally
taken as clean. This study was undertaken to determine the status of particulate matter (PM10) and gaseous
2. Monitoring of Particulate Matter and Gaseous Pollutant in Aurangabad City
DOI: 10.9790/1684-1401011015 www.iosrjournals.org 11 | Page
pollutant (SO2 and NO2) due to vehicular traffic, industrial, construction and demolition, at different location of
Aurangabad city. Aurangabad is developing city of Maharashtra state in India, surrounded by four industrial
areas. This project is taken into consideration as very few studies has been carried out in past.
II. Materials and Methods
2.1 Study area
Aurangabad is named after the Mughal Emperor Aurangzeb. The city is a tourism hub, surrounded by many
historical monument. Aurangabad is titled “The city of Gates” and was declared “Tourism Capital of
Maharashtra” By population it is 5th largest city in Maharashtra after Mumbai, Pune, Nagpur and Nashik.
Aurangabad is emerging as a prominent location for IT and manufacturing as it has many colleges and
universities. The city is situated at a latitude of 19°53'59'' North and longitude 75°20'59'' East. Aurangabad’s
area is about 138 km2
. The climate of Marathwada region is generally hot and dry. Annual mean temperatures
in Aurangabad range from 17 to 33 °C. Most of the rainfall occurs in the monsoon season from June to
September. The relative humidity is extremely low in this region for a major part of the year and ranges between
35 to 50%, while it is the highest (85%) during monsoon. Population of Aurangabad according to provisional
report Census Board of India is 1,175,116. The number of male and female are 6,09,206 and 5,65,910
respectively. The city has large number of industrial units i.e. small, medium and large-scale. as about 1020 and
almost 35,000 workers find their employment in these units[13]. Study area of Aurangabad with different
sampling locations according to their longitudes are shown in Figure 1.
Figure No. 1- Map Showing Sampling Locations
For the study the samples were collected from different eleven locations in Aurangabad during May,2016-
June,2016. The sample collected for 24 hour. Whatman filter papers are used for sampling of PM10 with
Respirable Dust Sampler (Model-APM460DXNL,Envirotech,New Delhi). For sampling of NO2 and SO2 dust
sampler is attached with gas analyzer (Model-APM411TE, Envirotech, New Delhi). Humidity is taken into
consideration during sampling period. Normally the sampler was kept on height ranging from 3m to 6m. For the
further analysis standard methods given by Central Pollution Control Board of India (CPCB) is adopted.
Sampling sites are chosen according to population, land use pattern and traffic densities shown in Table 1.
3. Monitoring of Particulate Matter and Gaseous Pollutant in Aurangabad City
DOI: 10.9790/1684-1401011015 www.iosrjournals.org 12 | Page
Table 1: Sampling Locations
SR.NO Sampling
Location
Description Traffic
Density
Land Use pattern
1 MGM
Institutional
Campus
Educational campus with 9000 students and 1000 faculties. Also
consists of Hospital Area.
Medium Institutional
2 Shivaji Nagar Densely polluted residential area with market. In the evening traffic
increases.
High Residential cum
commercial
3 Sven Hills On Jalna road near to flyover, surrounded by commercial complex.
In the evening traffic increases.
High Commercial
4 T.V Centre Near to SP office. Pedestrian movement is more. Narrow road width.
In the evening traffic increases.
High Residential cum
commercial
5 Harsul
T-point
City outskirts with roadway and state transport buses movement.
Heavy vehicles traffic is more.
High Residential cum
commercial
6 Chikalthana
MIDC
Industrial area with most of the units are functioning. Medium Industrial area
7 University Area Oldest area of city with number of institutional centers, tourist place
like Bibika Makabara.
Medium Residential cum
Institutional
8 Baba Petrol
Pump
From baba petrol pump roads deflects toward Pune, Nashik. Border
of city with high numbers of heavy vehicles. In the evening traffic
increases.
High Commercial
9 Arif colony On high elevation other than all location. Medium Residential
10 Paithan Road City outskirts where vehicles can bypass the city. Heavy truck and
private vehicles traffic.
High Residential cum
commercial
11 Kranti Chowk Near to flyover surrounded by commercial complex. In the evening
traffic increases.
High Commercial
2.2 Methods
2.2.1 Particulate matter (PM10)
The 24 hours desiccated filter papers (Whatman filter 8 X 10 in) were pre-weighted on the balance with
0.00001 g sensitivity. To avoid the contamination the conditioned and weighted filter papers were taken to the
field in close envelops for sampling. Particulate matter (PM10) sampling was done at flow rate of 1.1 m3
/min on
High Volume Sampler for 24 hours. Before starting sampling, initial volume, timer, and manometer reading
were recorded. After ensuring sampler was properly screwed, filter paper was loaded and sampler was started.
Air is drawn through a size-selective inlet and through a filter at a flow rate, which is typically 1.1 m3
/min.
Particles with aerodynamic diameter less than the cut-point of the inlet are collected, by the filter. After
sampling loaded filter paper was removed and placed in enveloped. Loaded filter paper was again weighted to
determine PM10 concentration.
2.2.2 Sulphur dioxide
According to “West and Geake” method the sulphur dioxide concentration were determined at the
impingent rate above 1 m3
/min but not more than 2.2 m3
/min. Sulphur dioxide from air is absorbed in a solution
of potassium tetrachloromercurate (TCM). A dichlorosulphitomercurate complex, which resists oxidation by the
oxygen in the air, is formed. Once formed, this complex is stable to strong oxidants such as ozone and oxides of
nitrogen and therefore, the absorber solution may be stored for some time prior to analysis. The complex is
made to react with para-rosaniline and formaldehyde to form the intensely coloured pararosaniline
methylsulphonic acid. The absorbance of the solution is measured by means of 560 nm
2.2.3 Nitrogen dioxide
According to “ Modified Jacob and Hochheiser method ” method the sulphur dioxide concentration
were determined at the impingent rate above 1 m3
/min but not more than 2.2 m3
/min. Ambient nitrogen dioxide
(NO2) is collected by bubbling air through a solution of sodium hydroxide and sodium arsenite. The
concentration of nitrite ion (NO2) produced during sampling is determined colorimetrically by reacting the
nitrite ion with phosphoric acid, sulfanilamide, and N-(1-naphthyl)-ethylenediamine dihydrochloride (NEDA)
and measuring the absorbance of the highly coloured azo-dye at 540 nm. Attachment of dust sampler and
gaseous pollutant is as shown in Figure.2.
4. Monitoring of Particulate Matter and Gaseous Pollutant in Aurangabad City
DOI: 10.9790/1684-1401011015 www.iosrjournals.org 13 | Page
Figure No. 2- Dust sampler with gaseous attachment
III. Result And Discussion
Monitoring of particulate matter (PM10) and gaseous pollutant (SO2and NO2) has been carried out from
May,2016-June,2016 at different locations. Results are compared with permissible limits given by Central
Pollution Control Board of India [The Gazette of India, Part III-Section4] as shown in Table 2.
Table 2: National Ambient Air Quality Standards
Sr.No Pollutants Time weighted
average
Concentration in ambient air
Industrial
Residential, Rural
and Other Area
Ecologically sensitive
area (notified by Central
Govt.)
1 Sulphur Dioxide(SO2)(µg/m3
) 24 hours 80 80
2 Nitrogen Dioxide(NO2)(µg/m3
) 24 hours 80 80
3 Particulate Matter(PM10)(µg/m3
) 24 hours 100 100
Sulphur dioxide: Concentration of sulphur dioxide ranges from 9.08 µg/m3
at Arif colony to 69.91 µg/m3
at
Chikalthana MIDC as shown in Figure 3.Concentration of sulphur dioxide at all the location is within
permissible limits. Concentration of sulphur dioxide at Chikalthana MIDC is just reaching to the permissible
limits given by Central Pollution Control Board of India It is highest concentration among all the locations. It
might be because on continues burning of coal.
Figure No. 3- SO2 Concentration at different locations.
5. Monitoring of Particulate Matter and Gaseous Pollutant in Aurangabad City
DOI: 10.9790/1684-1401011015 www.iosrjournals.org 14 | Page
Concentration of nitrogen dioxide ranges from 19.68 µg/m3
at Arif colony to 72.85 µg/m3
at Harsul T-point as
shown in Figure 4. At Harsul T-point concentration is more than all other locations. The second highest
concentration was found at Kranti chowk. It might because of the emission from heavy vehicular traffic.
Minimum value of nitrogen dioxide was found 19.68 µg/m3
at Arif colony, it may be because of residential area
surrounded by greenery and its high elevation as compare to other locations. Still values of nitrogen dioxide at
all the locations are within the permissible limits given by Central Pollution Control Board of India of India.
Figure No. 4- NO2 Concentration at different locations
Particulate matter(PM10): Concentration of particulate matter ranges from 99.70 µg/m3
at MGM campus to
398.28 µg/m3
at Harsul T-point as shown in Figure 5. This is most concern parameter, concentrations were
found to be much higher than permissible limits given by Central Pollution Control Board of India. Poor roads,
pot holes, draught, less greenery, houses and commercial places located close to the roads and high traffic
density might be the reasons of high concentration of particulate matter. Open carrier of construction and
demolition material is also one of reason of high concentration. Also uncovered land might be the reason for
increasing concentration. In present monitoring it was found that Harsul T-point has highest concentration of
particulate matter.
Though the concentration of sulphur dioxide and nitrogen dioxide is within the permissible limits but
concentration comparing previous year data is rapidly increasing. This rapidly increasing concentration will
have adverse effect on next generation. Hence strategies have to be adopted for combating the menace of air
pollution. Otherwise like particulate matter, gaseous pollutant will cross the permissible limits and will
produced adverse condition for city.
Figure No. 5 - PM10 Concentration at different locations
6. Monitoring of Particulate Matter and Gaseous Pollutant in Aurangabad City
DOI: 10.9790/1684-1401011015 www.iosrjournals.org 15 | Page
IV. Conclusion
Based on the present study which was carried out to measure the concentration of particulate matter(PM10)
and gaseous pollutant(SO2and NO2) at different locations in Aurangabad city, the following conclusion can be
made.
1) The highest concentration of SO2 was 69.9 µg/m3
at Chikalthana MIDC, which is within the permissible
limit given by Central Pollution Control Board of India (80 µg/m3
).
2) The highest concentration of NO2 was 72.85 µg/m3
at Harsul T-point which is within the permissible limit
given by Central Pollution Control Board of India (80 µg/m3
).
3) Concentration of particulate matter(PM10) was found to be very high which ranges from 99.70 µg/m3
at
MGM campus to 398.28 µg/m3
at Harsul T-point in comparison to permissible limits given by Central
Pollution Control Board of India (100 µg/m3
).
Following control measures can be adopted in order to decrease the concentration of particulate matter and
gaseous pollutant.
a) Improving the condition of roads, buses and grass should be planted to avoid air pollution. All the area
should be covered with roads, paving blocks or grass
b) Open carrier carrying construction and demolition material should be banned within the city.
c) Motivate the people to use public transport system.
d) Vehicles older than 15 years should be taken off the road.
e) Overloading of vehicles should be avoided
f) CNG should be promoted in the city.
g) Plantation program should be carried out in the city.
h) Provision of water fountain at each junction of roads.
i) Emissions from the vehicles should be checked regularly.
j) Roads should be cleaned periodically by advance road cleaner machine.
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