The study, investigated the vehicular emissions on the ambient air quality of sections of Owerri municipal road by measuring the mean concentrations of CO, NO2, SO2, VOCs, NH3 and suspended particulate matter (PM7, PM10 and TSP) arising mainly from the activities of motor vehicles in the month of October, 2017. The sampled stations were Wetheral road, Okigwe road and Control Roundabout, which constitute one of the heaviest traffic congestion hotspots in the city. The sampling was carried out both in the morning and afternoon on four sampling stations and a control point and standard methods were adopted for field investigations. The levels of gaseous emissions from vehicular activities were sampled using a gas measuring meter of models BW Multi gas Monitor, Aeroqual Environmental gas Monitor and Aerocet 531 particle mass monitor for (H2S, CO, NH3, CH4), (NO2, SO2, VOCS) and (Suspended particulate matter ranging from PM1 "“ PM10 and TSP) respectively. The result of the study showed that with the exception of NH3 (3.889ppm) and CO (7.944ppm) other air pollutants NO2 (0.108ppm), SO2 (0.146ppm), VOCs(0.556ppm), PM7 (0.088mgmm3), PM10 (0.140mgmm3) and TSP (0.216mgmm3) measured exceeded the concentration values stipulated by Federal Ministry of Environment (FMEnv.), WHO (World Health Organization) and the United State Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA). This could result to adverse environmental and health implications among the inhabitants. Regular air quality monitoring for better healthy living among residents of the study area is recommended. Dr. Umunnakwe Johnbosco Emeka | Dr. Aharanwa Bibian Chimezie"Preliminary Studies on Mean Levels of Vehicular Emissions at Sections of Owerri Road Nigeria" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-2 | Issue-5 , August 2018, URL: http://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd15745.pdf http://www.ijtsrd.com/other-scientific-research-area/enviormental-science/15745/preliminary-studies-on-mean-levels-of-vehicular-emissions-at-sections-of-owerri-road-nigeria/dr-umunnakwe-johnbosco-emeka
FACTORS RELATED TO COHb CONTENT TOWARD PARKING OFFICER OF PLAZA X SURABAYAirjes
The aim of thisresearchwas to study the effect of riskfactorsincludesage,gender, workinglives, body position whileworking, smoking habit, blood type, nutrientstatus, level of Hb, to COHblevelsblood in parking officersat X Plaza Surabaya. This researchwas an analyticobservationalstudywhichconducted cross sectional, using simple randomsamplingtechnique. The sample for thisresearchused 30 people.Themeasurement of carbonmonoxide air concentration at parking plaza x conducted on three-point surroundingofficerswork area. COHbcorrelationwithage, workingperiod, Hb, were analyzed usedPearsoncorrelation.The correlationbetweengender, smoking habit and body position whileworking to blood COHBlevelused T sampleanalyzed. The correlationbetweenblood types and bloodCOHblevelwasanalyzedbyanalysis of variance / ANOVA.The Spearman test was used to analyzed thenutritionalstatus. The resultshowedthathighestcarbonmonoxidelevelsfound in motorcyclewhich 16.1 ppm. Ambient air quality standard based on PP No. 41 of 1999 is 10 ppm, if wecomparedwith the resultweconcludethatlevels of CO at parking motor has exceeded the threshold. Based on thisresearch, advised to provide more local exhaust or air conditioning system aroundworking places of parking officers to reduce CO levelwhichproduced by vehicle. Also, weoffer to management handling the parking officers to givevitamin C and vitamin E as antioxidantthatreducetoxic in their body and to give check up facility for health condition regularly
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
Impact of Air Quality on Human Health In The Vicinity of Construction Sites i...IJERA Editor
Construction sites are important source of air pollution emitting pollutants like PM10, etc. which adversely affect human health especially the respiratory system. The present study aims at monitoring of PM10, health condition of workers, evaluation of API (Air Pollution Index) and development of correlation between API and human health in the vicinity of construction sites. In the present study relevant literature review has also been carried out to study and analyze the impact of air pollution on human health. Reconnaissance survey of 19 selected construction sites in Delhi-NCR has been conducted for the period January 2013 to December 2013 and health related data of people in the vicinity of construction sites has been collected individually through a questionnaire. The air quality data (for pollutant PM10) for the area in which the selected construction sites lie has been obtained from the continuous monitoring stations of Central Pollution Control Board. The monthly average PM10 concentration in the ambient air for the study period has been obtained for all the sites. The annual average PM10 level of all the sites has been estimated and compared with the prescribed value. Also the air pollution index (API) (for pollutant PM10) has been calculated for each site and compared with the percentage of people suffering with respiratory problems at the respective sites. The results show that the construction sites where the value of API for PM10 is higher there the percentage of people suffering with respiratory diseases has also been higher.
FACTORS RELATED TO COHb CONTENT TOWARD PARKING OFFICER OF PLAZA X SURABAYAirjes
The aim of thisresearchwas to study the effect of riskfactorsincludesage,gender, workinglives, body position whileworking, smoking habit, blood type, nutrientstatus, level of Hb, to COHblevelsblood in parking officersat X Plaza Surabaya. This researchwas an analyticobservationalstudywhichconducted cross sectional, using simple randomsamplingtechnique. The sample for thisresearchused 30 people.Themeasurement of carbonmonoxide air concentration at parking plaza x conducted on three-point surroundingofficerswork area. COHbcorrelationwithage, workingperiod, Hb, were analyzed usedPearsoncorrelation.The correlationbetweengender, smoking habit and body position whileworking to blood COHBlevelused T sampleanalyzed. The correlationbetweenblood types and bloodCOHblevelwasanalyzedbyanalysis of variance / ANOVA.The Spearman test was used to analyzed thenutritionalstatus. The resultshowedthathighestcarbonmonoxidelevelsfound in motorcyclewhich 16.1 ppm. Ambient air quality standard based on PP No. 41 of 1999 is 10 ppm, if wecomparedwith the resultweconcludethatlevels of CO at parking motor has exceeded the threshold. Based on thisresearch, advised to provide more local exhaust or air conditioning system aroundworking places of parking officers to reduce CO levelwhichproduced by vehicle. Also, weoffer to management handling the parking officers to givevitamin C and vitamin E as antioxidantthatreducetoxic in their body and to give check up facility for health condition regularly
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
Impact of Air Quality on Human Health In The Vicinity of Construction Sites i...IJERA Editor
Construction sites are important source of air pollution emitting pollutants like PM10, etc. which adversely affect human health especially the respiratory system. The present study aims at monitoring of PM10, health condition of workers, evaluation of API (Air Pollution Index) and development of correlation between API and human health in the vicinity of construction sites. In the present study relevant literature review has also been carried out to study and analyze the impact of air pollution on human health. Reconnaissance survey of 19 selected construction sites in Delhi-NCR has been conducted for the period January 2013 to December 2013 and health related data of people in the vicinity of construction sites has been collected individually through a questionnaire. The air quality data (for pollutant PM10) for the area in which the selected construction sites lie has been obtained from the continuous monitoring stations of Central Pollution Control Board. The monthly average PM10 concentration in the ambient air for the study period has been obtained for all the sites. The annual average PM10 level of all the sites has been estimated and compared with the prescribed value. Also the air pollution index (API) (for pollutant PM10) has been calculated for each site and compared with the percentage of people suffering with respiratory problems at the respective sites. The results show that the construction sites where the value of API for PM10 is higher there the percentage of people suffering with respiratory diseases has also been higher.
Assessment of Sulphur Dioxide Levels in Selected Sites in Athi River, Kenyaijtsrd
Industrialization, economic growth, urbanization and population growth have been responsible for air pollution in developing countries. The discharge of harmful chemicals and increased combustion of fossil fuels, affect both the physical environment and the public health. Air pollution effects are both acute and chronic on human health, ranging from minor upper respiratory irritation to chronic respiratory and heart disease, lung cancer, acute respiratory infections in children and chronic bronchitis in adults. A study was conducted to assess the effect of sulfur dioxide on air quality at three sites in Athi River town, Kenya which included one non-industrial site. The air samples were collected by scrubbing them through appropriate trapping solutions and subsequently analyzed in the laboratory using colorimetric method. The meteorological parameters namely; temperature, relative humidity, wind speed and wind direction were also measured during the sampling exercise. The mean concentrations of sulphur dioxide at the various sampling sites during rainy season were: Shalom Hospital (602 -µg/m3); Vannilaz Restaurant (793 -µg/m3); Redeemed Gospel Church (861 -µg/m3) and Sabaki residential Estate (370 -µg/m3). The levels exceeded the guidelines recommended by WHO which has set a maximum of 500 -µg/m3, for 10 minutes exposure, however the levels at Sabaki residential Estate were low. Mean concentrations of sulphur dioxide during the dry season for Shalom Hospital, Vanillaz Restaurant, Redeemed Gospel church and Sabaki residential Estate were 863, 875,862 and 664 -µg/m3 respectively. The elevated levels of SO2 was associated with heavy vehicular traffic and the various industrial activities mainly cement manufacturing plants. Sulphur dioxide may also be emitted from diesel-powered vehicles and coal burning in the industries. The study revealed that Shalom Hospital, Vanillaz Restaurant and Redeemed Gospel Church were polluted with sulphur dioxide during the rainy season except Sabaki residential Estate but during the dry season all the sites were polluted with sulphur dioxide. Birgen J. | Wafula G. | Yusuf A. | Onyatta J."Assessment of Sulphur Dioxide Levels in Selected Sites in Athi River, Kenya" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-1 | Issue-5 , August 2017, URL: http://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd2320.pdf http://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/computer-engineering/2320/assessment-of-sulphur-dioxide-levels-in--selected-sites-in-athi-river-kenya/birgen-j
Risk Assessment of Human Health by Heavy Metals Exposure to Communities along...Premier Publishers
In this study, heavy metals (Cd, Pb, Cr, Zn, Cu and Ni) concentrations were determined in soil samples taken from Pilafu, Shiwa, Fadama-rake and Damdrai along Hong major road using Atomic absorption spectrophotometer. The determined concentrations were used to investigate their influence on human health risk through ingestion, inhalation and dermal exposure path ways. The result revealed that the extent of human health risk varied with exposure path ways, Metal species and sample area. The target hazard quotient for all the elements through each exposure path way were observed to be >1, except Zn in ingestion for adults and in dermal for children and also Cu for children in dermal. However, the health index values for adults were observed to be much higher than the children for THQinh and THQdermal. But for THQing the HI values for children were observed to be higher than the adults. While in inhalation exposure path way all the cancer risk index values were observed to be higher in adults than in children except Ni which is higher in children than in adults. The combine effect for each exposure path way shows high possibility of carcinogenic risk by inhalation route. Indicating some concern about the expansion of unregulated settlements along heavy traffic highways.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is a team of researchers not publication services or private publications running the journals for monetary benefits, we are association of scientists and academia who focus only on supporting authors who want to publish their work. The articles published in our journal can be accessed online, all the articles will be archived for real time access.
Our journal system primarily aims to bring out the research talent and the works done by sciaentists, academia, engineers, practitioners, scholars, post graduate students of engineering and science. This journal aims to cover the scientific research in a broader sense and not publishing a niche area of research facilitating researchers from various verticals to publish their papers. It is also aimed to provide a platform for the researchers to publish in a shorter of time, enabling them to continue further All articles published are freely available to scientific researchers in the Government agencies,educators and the general public. We are taking serious efforts to promote our journal across the globe in various ways, we are sure that our journal will act as a scientific platform for all researchers to publish their works online.
Carbon monoxide Content of Exhaust Emissions from Agricultural Tractor Engine...IJAEMSJORNAL
This study aims at contributing to the information buildup required for advocating the need for urgent reduction of environmental pollution by exhaust emissions from fossil fuel powered Engines in Nigeria. It was, concluded from the results obtained from the study that carbon monoxide content of the exhaust emissions of agricultural tractors are approximately forty nine(49) times higher than the recommended maximum level of 0.5 % vol CO (v/v) by the US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). FIAT 70-666 contributed the largest content of 2.9 % vol of CO (v/v) while MASSEY FERGUSSON MF 375 contributed the least amount of 1.7 % vol of CO(v/v). Only the engine capacity had significant effect on the carbon monoxide content of the exhaust emissions of the agricultural tractors; the model/make selection did not significantly affect the CO content of their exhaust emissions.
Presentation by Vlatka Matkovic at the OpenDataDay event 'Towards Clean Air with Open Data'. The event took place at BeCentral in Brussels on Saturday 3 March 2018.
AIR POLLUTION CONTROL course material by Prof S S JAHAGIRDAR,NKOCET,SOLAPUR for BE (CIVIL ) students of Solapur university. Content will be also useful for SHIVAJI and PUNE university students
SIMULATION OF ATMOSPHERIC POLLUTANTS DISPERSION IN AN URBAN ENVIRONMENTAM Publications
Interest in air pollution investigation of urban environment due to existence of industrial and commercial activities along with vehicular emission and existence of buildings and streets which setup natural barrier for pollutant dispersion in the urban environment has increased. The air pollution modelling is a multidisciplinary subject when the entire cities are taken under consideration where urban planning and geometries are complex which needs a large software packages to be developed like Operational Street Pollution Model (OSPM), California Line Source model (CALINE series) etc. On overviewing various works it can be summarized that the air pollutant dispersion in urban street canyons and all linked phenomenon such as wind flow, pollutant concentrations, temperature distribution etc. generally depend on wind speed and direction, building heights and density, road width, source and intensity of air pollution, meteorological variables like temperature, humidity etc. A unique and surprising case is observed every time on numerous combinations of these factors. The main aim of this study is to simulate the atmospheric pollutant dispersion for given pollutant like carbon monoxide, sulphur dioxide and nitrogen dioxide and given atmospheric conditions like wind speed and direction. Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) simulation for analysing the atmospheric pollutant dispersion is done after natural airflow analysis. Volume rendering is done for variables such as phase 2 volume fraction and velocity with resolution as 250 pixels per inch and transparency as 20%. It can be observed that all the three pollutant namely nitrogen dioxide, sulphur dioxide and carbon monoxide the phase 2 volume fraction changes from 0 to 1. The wind velocity changes from 3.395×10-13 m/s to 1.692×102 m/s. The dispersion of pollutants follow the sequence Sulphur dioxide>Carbon monoxide>Nitrogen dioxide.
environmental assessment of vehicular emissionIJEAB
Port Harcourt is a coastal city located in the Niger Delta region of Nigeria, with very short dry season and long heavy rainy season periods. The objective of this study was to assess air pollution level from vehicular emission during the rainy season period. Three locations in the city noted for high traffic congestion were selected for the study. Air sampling in these locations were carried out for 11 days, covering peak and off peak periods. The following air pollutants were measured namely; nitrogen oxides (NOx), sulphur oxides (SOx), carbon monoxide (CO) and unburnt hydrocarbons (CxHy), as well as climatic elements – ambient temperature and relative humidity. The air pollutant levels obtained were compared with local and international standards. CO complied with international standard, but exceeded local standard. There is need for effective air pollution monitoring and control, this will go a long way to reduce the health risk associated with air pollution in the city.
Assessment of Sulphur Dioxide Levels in Selected Sites in Athi River, Kenyaijtsrd
Industrialization, economic growth, urbanization and population growth have been responsible for air pollution in developing countries. The discharge of harmful chemicals and increased combustion of fossil fuels, affect both the physical environment and the public health. Air pollution effects are both acute and chronic on human health, ranging from minor upper respiratory irritation to chronic respiratory and heart disease, lung cancer, acute respiratory infections in children and chronic bronchitis in adults. A study was conducted to assess the effect of sulfur dioxide on air quality at three sites in Athi River town, Kenya which included one non-industrial site. The air samples were collected by scrubbing them through appropriate trapping solutions and subsequently analyzed in the laboratory using colorimetric method. The meteorological parameters namely; temperature, relative humidity, wind speed and wind direction were also measured during the sampling exercise. The mean concentrations of sulphur dioxide at the various sampling sites during rainy season were: Shalom Hospital (602 -µg/m3); Vannilaz Restaurant (793 -µg/m3); Redeemed Gospel Church (861 -µg/m3) and Sabaki residential Estate (370 -µg/m3). The levels exceeded the guidelines recommended by WHO which has set a maximum of 500 -µg/m3, for 10 minutes exposure, however the levels at Sabaki residential Estate were low. Mean concentrations of sulphur dioxide during the dry season for Shalom Hospital, Vanillaz Restaurant, Redeemed Gospel church and Sabaki residential Estate were 863, 875,862 and 664 -µg/m3 respectively. The elevated levels of SO2 was associated with heavy vehicular traffic and the various industrial activities mainly cement manufacturing plants. Sulphur dioxide may also be emitted from diesel-powered vehicles and coal burning in the industries. The study revealed that Shalom Hospital, Vanillaz Restaurant and Redeemed Gospel Church were polluted with sulphur dioxide during the rainy season except Sabaki residential Estate but during the dry season all the sites were polluted with sulphur dioxide. Birgen J. | Wafula G. | Yusuf A. | Onyatta J."Assessment of Sulphur Dioxide Levels in Selected Sites in Athi River, Kenya" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-1 | Issue-5 , August 2017, URL: http://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd2320.pdf http://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/computer-engineering/2320/assessment-of-sulphur-dioxide-levels-in--selected-sites-in-athi-river-kenya/birgen-j
Risk Assessment of Human Health by Heavy Metals Exposure to Communities along...Premier Publishers
In this study, heavy metals (Cd, Pb, Cr, Zn, Cu and Ni) concentrations were determined in soil samples taken from Pilafu, Shiwa, Fadama-rake and Damdrai along Hong major road using Atomic absorption spectrophotometer. The determined concentrations were used to investigate their influence on human health risk through ingestion, inhalation and dermal exposure path ways. The result revealed that the extent of human health risk varied with exposure path ways, Metal species and sample area. The target hazard quotient for all the elements through each exposure path way were observed to be >1, except Zn in ingestion for adults and in dermal for children and also Cu for children in dermal. However, the health index values for adults were observed to be much higher than the children for THQinh and THQdermal. But for THQing the HI values for children were observed to be higher than the adults. While in inhalation exposure path way all the cancer risk index values were observed to be higher in adults than in children except Ni which is higher in children than in adults. The combine effect for each exposure path way shows high possibility of carcinogenic risk by inhalation route. Indicating some concern about the expansion of unregulated settlements along heavy traffic highways.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is a team of researchers not publication services or private publications running the journals for monetary benefits, we are association of scientists and academia who focus only on supporting authors who want to publish their work. The articles published in our journal can be accessed online, all the articles will be archived for real time access.
Our journal system primarily aims to bring out the research talent and the works done by sciaentists, academia, engineers, practitioners, scholars, post graduate students of engineering and science. This journal aims to cover the scientific research in a broader sense and not publishing a niche area of research facilitating researchers from various verticals to publish their papers. It is also aimed to provide a platform for the researchers to publish in a shorter of time, enabling them to continue further All articles published are freely available to scientific researchers in the Government agencies,educators and the general public. We are taking serious efforts to promote our journal across the globe in various ways, we are sure that our journal will act as a scientific platform for all researchers to publish their works online.
Carbon monoxide Content of Exhaust Emissions from Agricultural Tractor Engine...IJAEMSJORNAL
This study aims at contributing to the information buildup required for advocating the need for urgent reduction of environmental pollution by exhaust emissions from fossil fuel powered Engines in Nigeria. It was, concluded from the results obtained from the study that carbon monoxide content of the exhaust emissions of agricultural tractors are approximately forty nine(49) times higher than the recommended maximum level of 0.5 % vol CO (v/v) by the US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). FIAT 70-666 contributed the largest content of 2.9 % vol of CO (v/v) while MASSEY FERGUSSON MF 375 contributed the least amount of 1.7 % vol of CO(v/v). Only the engine capacity had significant effect on the carbon monoxide content of the exhaust emissions of the agricultural tractors; the model/make selection did not significantly affect the CO content of their exhaust emissions.
Presentation by Vlatka Matkovic at the OpenDataDay event 'Towards Clean Air with Open Data'. The event took place at BeCentral in Brussels on Saturday 3 March 2018.
AIR POLLUTION CONTROL course material by Prof S S JAHAGIRDAR,NKOCET,SOLAPUR for BE (CIVIL ) students of Solapur university. Content will be also useful for SHIVAJI and PUNE university students
SIMULATION OF ATMOSPHERIC POLLUTANTS DISPERSION IN AN URBAN ENVIRONMENTAM Publications
Interest in air pollution investigation of urban environment due to existence of industrial and commercial activities along with vehicular emission and existence of buildings and streets which setup natural barrier for pollutant dispersion in the urban environment has increased. The air pollution modelling is a multidisciplinary subject when the entire cities are taken under consideration where urban planning and geometries are complex which needs a large software packages to be developed like Operational Street Pollution Model (OSPM), California Line Source model (CALINE series) etc. On overviewing various works it can be summarized that the air pollutant dispersion in urban street canyons and all linked phenomenon such as wind flow, pollutant concentrations, temperature distribution etc. generally depend on wind speed and direction, building heights and density, road width, source and intensity of air pollution, meteorological variables like temperature, humidity etc. A unique and surprising case is observed every time on numerous combinations of these factors. The main aim of this study is to simulate the atmospheric pollutant dispersion for given pollutant like carbon monoxide, sulphur dioxide and nitrogen dioxide and given atmospheric conditions like wind speed and direction. Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) simulation for analysing the atmospheric pollutant dispersion is done after natural airflow analysis. Volume rendering is done for variables such as phase 2 volume fraction and velocity with resolution as 250 pixels per inch and transparency as 20%. It can be observed that all the three pollutant namely nitrogen dioxide, sulphur dioxide and carbon monoxide the phase 2 volume fraction changes from 0 to 1. The wind velocity changes from 3.395×10-13 m/s to 1.692×102 m/s. The dispersion of pollutants follow the sequence Sulphur dioxide>Carbon monoxide>Nitrogen dioxide.
environmental assessment of vehicular emissionIJEAB
Port Harcourt is a coastal city located in the Niger Delta region of Nigeria, with very short dry season and long heavy rainy season periods. The objective of this study was to assess air pollution level from vehicular emission during the rainy season period. Three locations in the city noted for high traffic congestion were selected for the study. Air sampling in these locations were carried out for 11 days, covering peak and off peak periods. The following air pollutants were measured namely; nitrogen oxides (NOx), sulphur oxides (SOx), carbon monoxide (CO) and unburnt hydrocarbons (CxHy), as well as climatic elements – ambient temperature and relative humidity. The air pollutant levels obtained were compared with local and international standards. CO complied with international standard, but exceeded local standard. There is need for effective air pollution monitoring and control, this will go a long way to reduce the health risk associated with air pollution in the city.
Air Pollution: Ways to tackle it in India vs other countriesUnnati Garg
Presentation on Air Pollution: Ways to tackle it in India vs other countries. It includes the causes of air pollution and ways to eradicate it used by India and other countries.
Ambient Air Quality and Noise Assessment in Eleme Communities, Rivers State, ...GIFT KIISI NKIN
NKIN GIFT KIISI
Problems caused by ambient air pollution on human and the environment can be averted by steadily and strictly monitoring of the concentrations of outdoor pollutants. Human activities have triggered changes in the earths atmosphere. In this research, 7(Seven) selected Eleme communities, 4(four) zones in each community and 28(Twenty eight) sampling points in all locations were assessed for the concentrations of CO, SO2 , NO2 , NO, CO2 , SPM, O2 , noise level and as well Meteorological parameters using methods recommended by ASTM for air pollutants measurement and meteorological parameters. Findings of this research showed that, measured level of CO (1.00 - 43.00 ppm) at Akpajo, Aleto and Onne zone "B" exceeded the stipulated limit by NAAQS. Measured level of SO2 (0.00 - 1.30 ppm) at zone "B" and "D" in all locations were above permissible limit except in Alode and Ogale in which the concentrations of SO2 were 0.00 ppm through out the zones. NO2 (0.00 - 3.10 ppm) and NO (0.00 - 1.05 ppm) concentrations in zone "B" in all the
sampling locations exceeded the permissible limit by NAAQS except in Alode and Ogale. Aleto and Ogale zone "D" were also above limits. SPM(0.01 - 4.83 ppm) Levels in all locations and zones exceeded the limit given by W.H.O except in Ogale residential area. Noise Level (40.20 - 102 dBA) at Alesa, Aleto, Akpajo and Ebubu zone "B" were as well above
limits. In order to address the risk connected with the identified pollutants in the study area, more endeavour should be conveyed to the use of renewable energy and as well, cleaner air initiatives should be embarked upon.
Ambient Air Quality and Noise Assessment in Eleme Communities, Rivers State, ...GIFT KIISI NKIN
Problems caused by ambient air pollution on human and the environment can be averted by steadily and strictly monitoring of the concentrations of outdoor pollutants. Human activities have triggered changes in the earths atmosphere. In this research, 7(Seven) selected Eleme communities, 4(four) zones in each community and 28(Twenty eight) sampling points in all locations were assessed for the concentrations of CO, SO2 , NO2 , NO, CO2 , SPM, O2 , noise level and as well Meteorological parameters using methods recommended by ASTM for air pollutants measurement and meteorological parameters. Findings of this research showed that, measured level of CO (1.00 - 43.00 ppm) at Akpajo, Aleto and Onne zone "B" exceeded the stipulated limit by NAAQS. Measured level of SO2 (0.00 - 1.30 ppm) at zone "B" and "D" in all locations were above permissible limit except in Alode and Ogale in which the concentrations of SO2 were 0.00 ppm through out the zones. NO2 (0.00 - 3.10 ppm) and NO (0.00 - 1.05 ppm) concentrations in zone "B" in all the sampling locations exceeded the permissible limit by NAAQS except in Alode and Ogale. Aleto and Ogale zone "D" were also above limits. SPM(0.01 - 4.83 ppm) Levels in all locations and zones exceeded the limit given by W.H.O except in Ogale residential area. Noise Level (40.20 - 102 dBA) at Alesa, Aleto, Akpajo and Ebubu zone "B" were as well above limits. In order to address the risk connected with the identified pollutants in the study area, more endeavour should be conveyed to the use of renewable energy and as well, cleaner air initiatives should be embarked upon.
Keywords: Ambient Air; Pollution; Assessment; Eleme communities; Rivers Sate; Nigeria
Introduction
Activities and processes which include urbanization, population explosion industrialization and as well as intensive agricultural activities and bush burning have caused colossal damage to our environment [1,2,3]. Increase in population of human beings is closely associated with increase in industrialization and urbanization thereby resulting to the
destruction of natural habitat and pollution of the biosphere more and more. Air pollution may be defined as any atmospheric condition in which certain substances are present in such concentrations that they can produce undesirable effects on Man and his environment [2]. These substances include gases which are Sulphur Oxides, Nitrogen Oxides, Carbon Monoxide, Hydrocarbons and as well, particulate matter which are Smoke, Dust, Fumes, Aerosols among others. Moreover, radioactive materials and many others are also considered as air pollutants. Most of these substances are naturally present in low concentrations in the atmosphere and are usually considered to be harmless[3]. considering the sources of these pollutants, quite a number of them enters the atmosphere as a result of anthropogenic activities( human activities). On the basis of physical states, there are two major groups of air pollutants.
Environmental health Effect and Air Pollution from cigarette smokers in Cross...IOSR Journals
This study is aimed at assessing the cause of air pollution and Environmental health effect on people living in Cross River State using cigarette smokers as a case study. Data was gathered through a well designed and articulated oral and written questionnaires, direct and first-hand observation of the environment, and comprehensive interview sessions were carried out with community Heads (Royal Authorities where possible), patients and youths. A total of one hundred and seventeen thousand (117,000) questionnaires were randomly distributed evenly to men of about 20-75years old in all the Eighteen (18) Local Government Area in Cross River State. Eighty seven thousand, five hundred and thirty three (87,533) valid questionnaire were received back. Nine hundred (900) of the people reported that they do not smoke any cigarette. Table 1 shows the total number of people who smoke cigarette. Table 2a,b show the total number of patients with smoking related diseases. Most of these patients with smoking related diseases such as decrease in lung function, increase of heart attack, Respiratory diseases, cancer, asthma, and other health effects are having those disease conditions as a result of their smoking habits.
Health Effects and Burden of Air Pollution: in Global and Nepal's PerspectiveYadav Joshi
Air pollution is a serious public health issue in Nepal where a total of 33,000 deaths annually occur due to air pollution. The indoor, outdoor and transboundary forms of air pollution are major causes of a burden to public health. In Kathmandu valley, PAHCs are major threats mostly in children. Due to lack of available health and AAQ related database, it is difficult to establish the relationships on adverse health effects of air pollution in Nepal
The government must provide opportunities to environmental health researchers and academicians in research. South Asian countries must integrate to solve the air pollution-related health issues. As an environmental epidemiologist, I am eagerly looking forward to joining the researchers who are working in this area.
Related links:
http://kutniti.com/index.php/2015/09/20/air-pollution-a-migraine-for-south-asia/
http://kathmandupost.ekantipur.com/news/2018-01-25/nepals-air-quality-is-worst-in-the-world-epi-report.html
https://danwatch.dk/en/undersoegelse/massive-pollution-at-carlsberg-brewery-in-nepal/
http://janatapostdaily.com/news-details/1046/2018-02-07
http://kutniti.com/index.php/2015/07/08/adverse-health-consequences-of-climate-change-south-asian-perspective/
Monitoring of Particulate Matter and Gaseous Pollutant in Aurangabad CityIOSRJMCE
Concentration of gaseous pollutant and particulate matter are the major cause of respiratory disease and deaths. The dust pollution is serious matter almost in all cities of Maharashtra. This paper deals with the results of ambient monitoring of Aurangabad city for particulate matter, sulphur dioxide and nitrogen dioxide. The sulphur dioxide concentration is measured by Modified West and Geake Method whereas nitrogen dioxide is measured by Modified Jacob and Hochheiser method. The results shows a very high concentration of particulate matter, however sulphur dioxide and nitrogen dioxide were within the permissible limits.
‘Six Sigma Technique’ A Journey Through its Implementationijtsrd
The manufacturing industries all over the world are facing tough challenges for growth, development and sustainability in today’s competitive environment. They have to achieve apex position by adapting with the global competitive environment by delivering goods and services at low cost, prime quality and better price to increase wealth and consumer satisfaction. Cost Management ensures profit, growth and sustainability of the business with implementation of Continuous Improvement Technique like Six Sigma. This leads to optimize Business performance. The method drives for customer satisfaction, low variation, reduction in waste and cycle time resulting into a competitive advantage over other industries which did not implement it. The main objective of this paper ‘Six Sigma Technique A Journey Through Its Implementation’ is to conceptualize the effectiveness of Six Sigma Technique through the journey of its implementation. Aditi Sunilkumar Ghosalkar "‘Six Sigma Technique’: A Journey Through its Implementation" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64546.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/other-scientific-research-area/other/64546/‘six-sigma-technique’-a-journey-through-its-implementation/aditi-sunilkumar-ghosalkar
Edge Computing in Space Enhancing Data Processing and Communication for Space...ijtsrd
Edge computing, a paradigm that involves processing data closer to its source, has gained significant attention for its potential to revolutionize data processing and communication in space missions. With the increasing complexity and data volume generated by modern space missions, traditional centralized computing approaches face challenges related to latency, bandwidth, and security. Edge computing in space, involving on board processing and analysis of data, offers promising solutions to these challenges. This paper explores the concept of edge computing in space, its benefits, applications, and future prospects in enhancing space missions. Manish Verma "Edge Computing in Space: Enhancing Data Processing and Communication for Space Missions" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64541.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/computer-science/artificial-intelligence/64541/edge-computing-in-space-enhancing-data-processing-and-communication-for-space-missions/manish-verma
Dynamics of Communal Politics in 21st Century India Challenges and Prospectsijtsrd
Communal politics in India has evolved through centuries, weaving a complex tapestry shaped by historical legacies, colonial influences, and contemporary socio political transformations. This research comprehensively examines the dynamics of communal politics in 21st century India, emphasizing its historical roots, socio political dynamics, economic implications, challenges, and prospects for mitigation. The historical perspective unravels the intricate interplay of religious identities and power dynamics from ancient civilizations to the impact of colonial rule, providing insights into the evolution of communalism. The socio political dynamics section delves into the contemporary manifestations, exploring the roles of identity politics, socio economic disparities, and globalization. The economic implications section highlights how communal politics intersects with economic issues, perpetuating disparities and influencing resource allocation. Challenges posed by communal politics are scrutinized, revealing multifaceted issues ranging from social fragmentation to threats against democratic values. The prospects for mitigation present a multifaceted approach, incorporating policy interventions, community engagement, and educational initiatives. The paper conducts a comparative analysis with international examples, identifying common patterns such as identity politics and economic disparities. It also examines unique challenges, emphasizing Indias diverse religious landscape, historical legacy, and secular framework. Lessons for effective strategies are drawn from international experiences, offering insights into inclusive policies, interfaith dialogue, media regulation, and global cooperation. By scrutinizing historical epochs, contemporary dynamics, economic implications, and international comparisons, this research provides a comprehensive understanding of communal politics in India. The proposed strategies for mitigation underscore the importance of a holistic approach to foster social harmony, inclusivity, and democratic values. Rose Hossain "Dynamics of Communal Politics in 21st Century India: Challenges and Prospects" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64528.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/humanities-and-the-arts/history/64528/dynamics-of-communal-politics-in-21st-century-india-challenges-and-prospects/rose-hossain
Assess Perspective and Knowledge of Healthcare Providers Towards Elehealth in...ijtsrd
Background and Objective Telehealth has become a well known tool for the delivery of health care in Saudi Arabia, and the perspective and knowledge of healthcare providers are influential in the implementation, adoption and advancement of the method. This systematic review was conducted to examine the current literature base regarding telehealth and the related healthcare professional perspective and knowledge in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. Materials and Methods This systematic review was conducted by searching 7 databases including, MEDLINE, CINHAL, Web of Science, Scopus, PubMed, PsycINFO, and ProQuest Central. Studies on healthcare practitioners telehealth knowledge and perspectives published in English in Saudi Arabia from 2000 to 2023 were included. Boland directed this comprehensive review. The researchers examined each connected study using the AXIS tool, which evaluates cross sectional systematic reviews. Narrative synthesis was used to summarise and convey the data. Results Out of 1840 search results, 10 studies were included. Positive outlook and limited knowledge among providers were seen across trials. Healthcare professionals like telehealth for its ability to improve quality, access, and delivery, save time and money, and be successful. Age, gender, occupation, and work experience also affect health workers knowledge. In Saudi Arabia, healthcare professionals face inadequate expert assistance, patient privacy, internet connection concerns, lack of training courses, lack of telehealth understanding, and high costs while performing telemedicine. Conclusions Healthcare practitioners telehealth perceptions and knowledge were examined in this systematic study. Its collection of concerned experts different personal attitudes and expertise would help enhance telehealths implementation in Saudi Arabia, develop its healthcare delivery alternative, and eliminate frequent problems. Badriah Mousa I Mulayhi | Dr. Jomin George | Judy Jenkins "Assess Perspective and Knowledge of Healthcare Providers Towards Elehealth in Saudi Arabia: A Systematic Review" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64535.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/medicine/other/64535/assess-perspective-and-knowledge-of-healthcare-providers-towards-elehealth-in-saudi-arabia-a-systematic-review/badriah-mousa-i-mulayhi
The Impact of Digital Media on the Decentralization of Power and the Erosion ...ijtsrd
The impact of digital media on the distribution of power and the weakening of traditional gatekeepers has gained considerable attention in recent years. The adoption of digital technologies and the internet has resulted in declining influence and power for traditional gatekeepers such as publishing houses and news organizations. Simultaneously, digital media has facilitated the emergence of new voices and players in the media industry. Digital medias impact on power decentralization and gatekeeper erosion is visible in several ways. One significant aspect is the democratization of information, which enables anyone with an internet connection to publish and share content globally, leading to citizen journalism and bypassing traditional gatekeepers. Another aspect is the disruption of conventional media industry business models, as traditional organizations struggle to adjust to the decrease in advertising revenue and the rise of digital platforms. Alternative business models, such as subscription models and crowdfunding, have become more prevalent, leading to the emergence of new players. Overall, the impact of digital media on the distribution of power and the weakening of traditional gatekeepers has brought about significant changes in the media landscape and the way information is shared. Further research is required to fully comprehend the implications of these changes and their impact on society. Dr. Kusum Lata "The Impact of Digital Media on the Decentralization of Power and the Erosion of Traditional Gatekeepers" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64544.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/humanities-and-the-arts/political-science/64544/the-impact-of-digital-media-on-the-decentralization-of-power-and-the-erosion-of-traditional-gatekeepers/dr-kusum-lata
Online Voices, Offline Impact Ambedkars Ideals and Socio Political Inclusion ...ijtsrd
This research investigates the nexus between online discussions on Dr. B.R. Ambedkars ideals and their impact on social inclusion among college students in Gurugram, Haryana. Surveying 240 students from 12 government colleges, findings indicate that 65 actively engage in online discussions, with 80 demonstrating moderate to high awareness of Ambedkars ideals. Statistically significant correlations reveal that higher online engagement correlates with increased awareness p 0.05 and perceived social inclusion. Variations across colleges and a notable effect of college type on perceived social inclusion highlight the influence of contextual factors. Furthermore, the intersectional analysis underscores nuanced differences based on gender, caste, and socio economic status. Dr. Kusum Lata "Online Voices, Offline Impact: Ambedkar's Ideals and Socio-Political Inclusion - A Study of Gurugram District" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64543.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/humanities-and-the-arts/political-science/64543/online-voices-offline-impact-ambedkars-ideals-and-sociopolitical-inclusion--a-study-of-gurugram-district/dr-kusum-lata
Problems and Challenges of Agro Entreprenurship A Studyijtsrd
Noting calls for contextualizing Agro entrepreneurs problems and challenges of the agro entrepreneurs and for greater attention to the Role of entrepreneurs in agro entrepreneurship research, we conduct a systematic literature review of extent research in agriculture entrepreneurship to overcome the study objectives of complications of agro entrepreneurs through various factors, Development of agriculture products is a key factor for the overall economic growth of agro entrepreneurs Agro Entrepreneurs produces firsthand large scale employment, utilizes the labor and natural resources, This research outlines the problems of Weather and Soil Erosions, Market price fluctuation, stimulates labor cost problems, reduces concentration of Price volatility, Dependency on Intermediaries, induces Limited Bargaining Power, and Storage and Transportation Costs. This paper mainly devoted to highlight Problems and challenges faced for the sustainable of Agro Entrepreneurs in India. Vinay Prasad B "Problems and Challenges of Agro Entreprenurship - A Study" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64540.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/other-scientific-research-area/other/64540/problems-and-challenges-of-agro-entreprenurship--a-study/vinay-prasad-b
Comparative Analysis of Total Corporate Disclosure of Selected IT Companies o...ijtsrd
Disclosure is a process through which a business enterprise communicates with external parties. A corporate disclosure is communication of financial and non financial information of the activities of a business enterprise to the interested entities. Corporate disclosure is done through publishing annual reports. So corporate disclosure through annual reports plays a vital role in the life of all the companies and provides valuable information to investors. The basic objectives of corporate disclosure is to give a true and fair view of companies to the parties related either directly or indirectly like owner, government, creditors, shareholders etc. in the companies act, provisions have been made about mandatory and voluntary disclosure. The IT sector in India is rapidly growing, the trend to invest in the IT sector is rising and employment opportunities in IT sectors are also increasing. Therefore the IT sector is expected to have fair, full and adequate disclosure of all information. Unfair and incomplete disclosure may adversely affect the entire economy. A research study on disclosure practices of IT companies could play an important role in this regard. Hence, the present research study has been done to study and review comparative analysis of total corporate disclosure of selected IT companies of India and to put forward overall findings and suggestions with a view to increase disclosure score of these companies. The researcher hopes that the present research study will be helpful to all selected Companies for improving level of corporate disclosure through annual reports as well as the government, creditors, investors, all business organizations and upcoming researcher for comparative analyses of level of corporate disclosure with special reference to selected IT companies. Dr. Vaibhavi D. Thaker "Comparative Analysis of Total Corporate Disclosure of Selected IT Companies of India" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64539.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/other-scientific-research-area/other/64539/comparative-analysis-of-total-corporate-disclosure-of-selected-it-companies-of-india/dr-vaibhavi-d-thaker
The Impact of Educational Background and Professional Training on Human Right...ijtsrd
This study investigated the impact of educational background and professional training on human rights awareness among secondary school teachers in the Marathwada region of Maharashtra, India. The key findings reveal that higher levels of education, particularly a master’s degree, and fields of study related to education, humanities, or social sciences are associated with greater human rights awareness among teachers. Additionally, both pre service teacher training and in service professional development programs focused on human rights education significantly enhance teacher’s knowledge, skills, and competencies in promoting human rights principles in their classrooms. Baig Ameer Bee Mirza Abdul Aziz | Dr. Syed Azaz Ali Amjad Ali "The Impact of Educational Background and Professional Training on Human Rights Awareness among Secondary School Teachers" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64529.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/humanities-and-the-arts/education/64529/the-impact-of-educational-background-and-professional-training-on-human-rights-awareness-among-secondary-school-teachers/baig-ameer-bee-mirza-abdul-aziz
A Study on the Effective Teaching Learning Process in English Curriculum at t...ijtsrd
“One Language sets you in a corridor for life. Two languages open every door along the way” Frank Smith English as a foreign language or as a second language has been ruling in India since the period of Lord Macaulay. But the question is how much we teach or learn English properly in our culture. Is there any scope to use English as a language rather than a subject How much we learn or teach English without any interference of mother language specially in the classroom teaching learning scenario in West Bengal By considering all these issues the researcher has attempted in this article to focus on the effective teaching learning process comparing to other traditional strategies in the field of English curriculum at the secondary level to investigate whether they fulfill the present teaching learning requirements or not by examining the validity of the present curriculum of English. The purpose of this study is to focus on the effectiveness of the systematic, scientific, sequential and logical transaction of the course between the teachers and the learners in the perspective of the 5Es programme that is engage, explore, explain, extend and evaluate. Sanchali Mondal | Santinath Sarkar "A Study on the Effective Teaching Learning Process in English Curriculum at the Secondary Level of West Bengal" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd62412.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/humanities-and-the-arts/education/62412/a-study-on-the-effective-teaching-learning-process-in-english-curriculum-at-the-secondary-level-of-west-bengal/sanchali-mondal
The Role of Mentoring and Its Influence on the Effectiveness of the Teaching ...ijtsrd
This paper reports on a study which was conducted to investigate the role of mentoring and its influence on the effectiveness of the teaching of Physics in secondary schools in the South West Region of Cameroon. The study adopted the convergent parallel mixed methods design, focusing on respondents in secondary schools in the South West Region of Cameroon. Both quantitative and qualitative data were collected, analysed separately, and the results were compared to see if the findings confirm or disconfirm each other. The quantitative analysis found that majority of the respondents 72 of Physics teachers affirmed that they had more experienced colleagues as mentors to help build their confidence, improve their teaching, and help them improve their effectiveness and efficiency in guiding learners’ achievements. Only 28 of the respondents disagreed with these statements. With majority respondents 72 agreeing with the statements, it implies that in most secondary schools, experienced Physics teachers act as mentors to build teachers’ confidence in teaching and improving students’ learning. The interview qualitative data analysis summarized how secondary school Principals use meetings with mentors and mentees to promote mentorship in the school milieu. This has helped strengthen teachers’ classroom practices in secondary schools in the South West Region of Cameroon. With the results confirming each other, the study recommends that mentoring should focus on helping teachers employ social interactions and instructional practices feedback and clarity in teaching that have direct measurable impact on students’ learning achievements. Andrew Ngeim Sumba | Frederick Ebot Ashu | Peter Agborbechem Tambi "The Role of Mentoring and Its Influence on the Effectiveness of the Teaching of Physics in Secondary Schools in the South West Region of Cameroon" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64524.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/management/management-development/64524/the-role-of-mentoring-and-its-influence-on-the-effectiveness-of-the-teaching-of-physics-in-secondary-schools-in-the-south-west-region-of-cameroon/andrew-ngeim-sumba
Design Simulation and Hardware Construction of an Arduino Microcontroller Bas...ijtsrd
This study primarily focuses on the design of a high side buck converter using an Arduino microcontroller. The converter is specifically intended for use in DC DC applications, particularly in standalone solar PV systems where the PV output voltage exceeds the load or battery voltage. To evaluate the performance of the converter, simulation experiments are conducted using Proteus Software. These simulations provide insights into the input and output voltages, currents, powers, and efficiency under different state of charge SoC conditions of a 12V,70Ah rechargeable lead acid battery. Additionally, the hardware design of the converter is implemented, and practical data is collected through operation, monitoring, and recording. By comparing the simulation results with the practical results, the efficiency and performance of the designed converter are assessed. The findings indicate that while the buck converter is suitable for practical use in standalone PV systems, its efficiency is compromised due to a lower output current. Chan Myae Aung | Dr. Ei Mon "Design Simulation and Hardware Construction of an Arduino-Microcontroller Based DC-DC High-Side Buck Converter for Standalone PV System" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64518.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/mechanical-engineering/64518/design-simulation-and-hardware-construction-of-an-arduinomicrocontroller-based-dcdc-highside-buck-converter-for-standalone-pv-system/chan-myae-aung
Sustainable Energy by Paul A. Adekunte | Matthew N. O. Sadiku | Janet O. Sadikuijtsrd
Energy becomes sustainable if it meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs. Some of the definitions of sustainable energy include the considerations of environmental aspects such as greenhouse gas emissions, social, and economic aspects such as energy poverty. Generally far more sustainable than fossil fuel are renewable energy sources such as wind, hydroelectric power, solar, and geothermal energy sources. Worthy of note is that some renewable energy projects, like the clearing of forests to produce biofuels, can cause severe environmental damage. The sustainability of nuclear power which is a low carbon source is highly debated because of concerns about radioactive waste, nuclear proliferation, and accidents. The switching from coal to natural gas has environmental benefits, including a lower climate impact, but could lead to delay in switching to more sustainable options. “Carbon capture and storage” can be built into power plants to remove the carbon dioxide CO2 emissions, but this technology is expensive and has rarely been implemented. Leading non renewable energy sources around the world is fossil fuels, coal, petroleum, and natural gas. Nuclear energy is usually considered another non renewable energy source, although nuclear energy itself is a renewable energy source, but the material used in nuclear power plants is not. The paper addresses the issue of sustainable energy, its attendant benefits to the future generation, and humanity in general. Paul A. Adekunte | Matthew N. O. Sadiku | Janet O. Sadiku "Sustainable Energy" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64534.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/electrical-engineering/64534/sustainable-energy/paul-a-adekunte
Concepts for Sudan Survey Act Implementations Executive Regulations and Stand...ijtsrd
This paper aims to outline the executive regulations, survey standards, and specifications required for the implementation of the Sudan Survey Act, and for regulating and organizing all surveying work activities in Sudan. The act has been discussed for more than 5 years. The Land Survey Act was initiated by the Sudan Survey Authority and all official legislations were headed by the Sudan Ministry of Justice till it was issued in 2022. The paper presents conceptual guidelines to be used for the Survey Act implementation and to regulate the survey work practice, standardizing the field surveys, processing, quality control, procedures, and the processes related to survey work carried out by the stakeholders and relevant authorities in Sudan. The conceptual guidelines are meant to improve the quality and harmonization of geospatial data and to aid decision making processes as well as geospatial information systems. The established comprehensive executive regulations will govern and regulate the implementation of the Sudan Survey Geomatics Act in all surveying and mapping practices undertaken by the Sudan Survey Authority SSA and state local survey departments for public or private sector organizations. The targeted standards and specifications include the reference frame, projection, coordinate systems, and the guidelines and specifications that must be followed in the field of survey work, processes, and mapping products. In the last few decades, there has been a growing awareness of the importance of geomatics activities and measurements on the Earths surface in space and time, together with observing and mapping the changes. In such cases, data must be captured promptly, standardized, and obtained with more accuracy and specified in much detail. The paper will also highlight the current situation in Sudan, the degree to which survey standards are used, the problems encountered, and the errors that arise from not using the standards and survey specifications. Kamal A. A. Sami "Concepts for Sudan Survey Act Implementations - Executive Regulations and Standards" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd63484.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/civil-engineering/63484/concepts-for-sudan-survey-act-implementations--executive-regulations-and-standards/kamal-a-a-sami
Towards the Implementation of the Sudan Interpolated Geoid Model Khartoum Sta...ijtsrd
The discussions between ellipsoid and geoid have invoked many researchers during the recent decades, especially during the GNSS technology era, which had witnessed a great deal of development but still geoid undulation requires more investigations. To figure out a solution for Sudans local geoid, this research has tried to intake the possibility of determining the geoid model by following two approaches, gravimetric and geometrical geoid model determination, by making use of GNSS leveling benchmarks at Khartoum state. The Benchmarks are well distributed in the study area, in which, the horizontal coordinates and the height above the ellipsoid have been observed by GNSS while orthometric heights were carried out using precise leveling. The Global Geopotential Model GGM represented in EGM2008 has been exploited to figure out the geoid undulation at the benchmarks in the study area. This is followed by a fitting process, that has been done to suit the geoid undulation data which has been computed using GNSS leveling data and geoid undulation inspired by the EGM2008. Two geoid surfaces were created after the fitting process to ensure that they are identical and both of them could be counted for getting the same geoid undulation with an acceptable accuracy. In this respect, statistical operation played an important role in ensuring the consistency and integrity of the model by applying cross validation techniques splitting the data into training and testing datasets for building the geoid model and testing its eligibility. The geometrical solution for geoid undulation computation has been utilized by applying straightforward equations that facilitate the calculation of the geoid undulation directly through applying statistical techniques for the GNSS leveling data of the study area to get the common equation parameters values that could be utilized to calculate geoid undulation of any position in the study area within the claimed accuracy. Both systems were checked and proved eligible to be used within the study area with acceptable accuracy which may contribute to solving the geoid undulation problem in the Khartoum area, and be further generalized to determine the geoid model over the entire country, and this could be considered in the future, for regional and continental geoid model. Ahmed M. A. Mohammed. | Kamal A. A. Sami "Towards the Implementation of the Sudan Interpolated Geoid Model (Khartoum State Case Study)" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd63483.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/civil-engineering/63483/towards-the-implementation-of-the-sudan-interpolated-geoid-model-khartoum-state-case-study/ahmed-m-a-mohammed
Activating Geospatial Information for Sudans Sustainable Investment Mapijtsrd
Sudan is witnessing an acceleration in the processes of development and transformation in the performance of government institutions to raise the productivity and investment efficiency of the government sector. The development plans and investment opportunities have focused on achieving national goals in various sectors. This paper aims to illuminate the path to the future and provide geospatial data and information to develop the investment climate and environment for all sized businesses, and to bridge the development gap between the Sudan states. The Sudan Survey Authority SSA is the main advisor to the Sudan Government in conducting surveying, mappings, designing, and developing systems related to geospatial data and information. In recent years, SSA made a strategic partnership with the Ministry of Investment to activate Geospatial Information for Sudans Sustainable Investment and in particular, for the preparation and implementation of the Sudan investment map, based on the directives and objectives of the Ministry of Investment MI in Sudan. This paper comes within the framework of activating the efforts of the Ministry of Investment to develop technical investment services by applying techniques adopted by the Ministry and its strategic partners for advancing investment processes in the country. Kamal A. A. Sami "Activating Geospatial Information for Sudan's Sustainable Investment Map" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd63482.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/information-technology/63482/activating-geospatial-information-for-sudans-sustainable-investment-map/kamal-a-a-sami
Educational Unity Embracing Diversity for a Stronger Societyijtsrd
In a rapidly changing global landscape, the importance of education as a unifying force cannot be overstated. This paper explores the crucial role of educational unity in fostering a stronger and more inclusive society through the embrace of diversity. By examining the benefits of diverse learning environments, the paper aims to highlight the positive impact on societal strength. The discussion encompasses various dimensions, from curriculum design to classroom dynamics, and emphasizes the need for educational institutions to become catalysts for unity in diversity. It highlights the need for a paradigm shift in educational policies, curricula, and pedagogical approaches to ensure that they are reflective of the diverse fabric of society. This paper also addresses the challenges associated with implementing inclusive educational practices and offers practical strategies for overcoming barriers. It advocates for collaborative efforts between educational institutions, policymakers, and communities to create a supportive ecosystem that promotes diversity and unity. Mr. Amit Adhikari | Madhumita Teli | Gopal Adhikari "Educational Unity: Embracing Diversity for a Stronger Society" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64525.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/humanities-and-the-arts/education/64525/educational-unity-embracing-diversity-for-a-stronger-society/mr-amit-adhikari
Integration of Indian Indigenous Knowledge System in Management Prospects and...ijtsrd
The diversity of indigenous knowledge systems in India is vast and can vary significantly between different communities and regions. Preserving and respecting these knowledge systems is crucial for maintaining cultural heritage, promoting sustainable practices, and fostering cross cultural understanding. In this paper, an overview of the prospects and challenges associated with incorporating Indian indigenous knowledge into management is explored. It is found that IIKS helps in management in many areas like sustainable development, tourism, food security, natural resource management, cultural preservation and innovation, etc. However, IIKS integration with management faces some challenges in the form of a lack of documentation, cultural sensitivity, language barriers legal framework, etc. Savita Lathwal "Integration of Indian Indigenous Knowledge System in Management: Prospects and Challenges" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd63500.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/management/accounting-and-finance/63500/integration-of-indian-indigenous-knowledge-system-in-management-prospects-and-challenges/savita-lathwal
DeepMask Transforming Face Mask Identification for Better Pandemic Control in...ijtsrd
The COVID 19 pandemic has highlighted the crucial need of preventive measures, with widespread use of face masks being a key method for slowing the viruss spread. This research investigates face mask identification using deep learning as a technological solution to be reducing the risk of coronavirus transmission. The proposed method uses state of the art convolutional neural networks CNNs and transfer learning to automatically recognize persons who are not wearing masks in a variety of circumstances. We discuss how this strategy improves public health and safety by providing an efficient manner of enforcing mask wearing standards. The report also discusses the obstacles, ethical concerns, and prospective applications of face mask detection systems in the ongoing fight against the pandemic. Dilip Kumar Sharma | Aaditya Yadav "DeepMask: Transforming Face Mask Identification for Better Pandemic Control in the COVID-19 Era" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64522.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/electronics-and-communication-engineering/64522/deepmask-transforming-face-mask-identification-for-better-pandemic-control-in-the-covid19-era/dilip-kumar-sharma
Streamlining Data Collection eCRF Design and Machine Learningijtsrd
Efficient and accurate data collection is paramount in clinical trials, and the design of Electronic Case Report Forms eCRFs plays a pivotal role in streamlining this process. This paper explores the integration of machine learning techniques in the design and implementation of eCRFs to enhance data collection efficiency. We delve into the synergies between eCRF design principles and machine learning algorithms, aiming to optimize data quality, reduce errors, and expedite the overall data collection process. The application of machine learning in eCRF design brings forth innovative approaches to data validation, anomaly detection, and real time adaptability. This paper discusses the benefits, challenges, and future prospects of leveraging machine learning in eCRF design for streamlined and advanced data collection in clinical trials. Dhanalakshmi D | Vijaya Lakshmi Kannareddy "Streamlining Data Collection: eCRF Design and Machine Learning" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd63515.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/biological-science/biotechnology/63515/streamlining-data-collection-ecrf-design-and-machine-learning/dhanalakshmi-d
A review of the growth of the Israel Genealogy Research Association Database Collection for the last 12 months. Our collection is now passed the 3 million mark and still growing. See which archives have contributed the most. See the different types of records we have, and which years have had records added. You can also see what we have for the future.
Macroeconomics- Movie Location
This will be used as part of your Personal Professional Portfolio once graded.
Objective:
Prepare a presentation or a paper using research, basic comparative analysis, data organization and application of economic information. You will make an informed assessment of an economic climate outside of the United States to accomplish an entertainment industry objective.
This slide is special for master students (MIBS & MIFB) in UUM. Also useful for readers who are interested in the topic of contemporary Islamic banking.
How to Make a Field invisible in Odoo 17Celine George
It is possible to hide or invisible some fields in odoo. Commonly using “invisible” attribute in the field definition to invisible the fields. This slide will show how to make a field invisible in odoo 17.
Introduction to AI for Nonprofits with Tapp NetworkTechSoup
Dive into the world of AI! Experts Jon Hill and Tareq Monaur will guide you through AI's role in enhancing nonprofit websites and basic marketing strategies, making it easy to understand and apply.
Synthetic Fiber Construction in lab .pptxPavel ( NSTU)
Synthetic fiber production is a fascinating and complex field that blends chemistry, engineering, and environmental science. By understanding these aspects, students can gain a comprehensive view of synthetic fiber production, its impact on society and the environment, and the potential for future innovations. Synthetic fibers play a crucial role in modern society, impacting various aspects of daily life, industry, and the environment. ynthetic fibers are integral to modern life, offering a range of benefits from cost-effectiveness and versatility to innovative applications and performance characteristics. While they pose environmental challenges, ongoing research and development aim to create more sustainable and eco-friendly alternatives. Understanding the importance of synthetic fibers helps in appreciating their role in the economy, industry, and daily life, while also emphasizing the need for sustainable practices and innovation.
June 3, 2024 Anti-Semitism Letter Sent to MIT President Kornbluth and MIT Cor...Levi Shapiro
Letter from the Congress of the United States regarding Anti-Semitism sent June 3rd to MIT President Sally Kornbluth, MIT Corp Chair, Mark Gorenberg
Dear Dr. Kornbluth and Mr. Gorenberg,
The US House of Representatives is deeply concerned by ongoing and pervasive acts of antisemitic
harassment and intimidation at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT). Failing to act decisively to ensure a safe learning environment for all students would be a grave dereliction of your responsibilities as President of MIT and Chair of the MIT Corporation.
This Congress will not stand idly by and allow an environment hostile to Jewish students to persist. The House believes that your institution is in violation of Title VI of the Civil Rights Act, and the inability or
unwillingness to rectify this violation through action requires accountability.
Postsecondary education is a unique opportunity for students to learn and have their ideas and beliefs challenged. However, universities receiving hundreds of millions of federal funds annually have denied
students that opportunity and have been hijacked to become venues for the promotion of terrorism, antisemitic harassment and intimidation, unlawful encampments, and in some cases, assaults and riots.
The House of Representatives will not countenance the use of federal funds to indoctrinate students into hateful, antisemitic, anti-American supporters of terrorism. Investigations into campus antisemitism by the Committee on Education and the Workforce and the Committee on Ways and Means have been expanded into a Congress-wide probe across all relevant jurisdictions to address this national crisis. The undersigned Committees will conduct oversight into the use of federal funds at MIT and its learning environment under authorities granted to each Committee.
• The Committee on Education and the Workforce has been investigating your institution since December 7, 2023. The Committee has broad jurisdiction over postsecondary education, including its compliance with Title VI of the Civil Rights Act, campus safety concerns over disruptions to the learning environment, and the awarding of federal student aid under the Higher Education Act.
• The Committee on Oversight and Accountability is investigating the sources of funding and other support flowing to groups espousing pro-Hamas propaganda and engaged in antisemitic harassment and intimidation of students. The Committee on Oversight and Accountability is the principal oversight committee of the US House of Representatives and has broad authority to investigate “any matter” at “any time” under House Rule X.
• The Committee on Ways and Means has been investigating several universities since November 15, 2023, when the Committee held a hearing entitled From Ivory Towers to Dark Corners: Investigating the Nexus Between Antisemitism, Tax-Exempt Universities, and Terror Financing. The Committee followed the hearing with letters to those institutions on January 10, 202
Unit 8 - Information and Communication Technology (Paper I).pdfThiyagu K
This slides describes the basic concepts of ICT, basics of Email, Emerging Technology and Digital Initiatives in Education. This presentations aligns with the UGC Paper I syllabus.
Francesca Gottschalk - How can education support child empowerment.pptxEduSkills OECD
Francesca Gottschalk from the OECD’s Centre for Educational Research and Innovation presents at the Ask an Expert Webinar: How can education support child empowerment?
Francesca Gottschalk - How can education support child empowerment.pptx
Preliminary Studies on Mean Levels of Vehicular Emissions at Sections of Owerri Road Nigeria
1. @ IJTSRD | Available Online @ www.ijtsrd.com
ISSN No: 2456
International
Research
Preliminary Studies on Mea
at Sections of Owerri Road Nigeria
Dr. Umunnakwe Johnbosco
1
Department of Environmental Technology
Federal University of Technology, Owerri Imo State, Nigeria
ABSTRACT
The study, investigated the vehicular emissions on the
ambient air quality of sections of Owerri municipal
road by measuring the mean concentrations of CO,
NO2, SO2, VOCs, NH3 and suspended particulate
matter (PM7, PM10 and TSP) arising mainly from the
activities of motor vehicles in the month of October,
2017. The sampled stations were Wetheral road,
Okigwe road and Control Roundabout, which
constitute one of the heaviest traffic congestion
hotspots in the city. The sampling was carried out
both in the morning and afternoon on four sampling
stations and a control point and standard methods
were adopted for field investigations. The levels of
gaseous emissions from vehicular activities were
sampled using a gas measuring meter of models BW
Multi gas Monitor, Aeroqual Environmental gas
Monitor and Aerocet 531 particle mass monitor for
(H2S, CO, NH3, CH4), (NO2, SO2, VOCS) and
(Suspended particulate matter ranging from PM1
PM10 and TSP) respectively. The result of the study
showed that with the exception of NH3 (3
and CO (7.944ppm) other air pollutants NO2
(0.108ppm), SO2 (0.146ppm), VOCs(0.556ppm),
PM7 (0.088mg/mm3), PM10 (0.140mg/mm3) and
TSP (0.216mg/mm3) measured exceeded the
concentration values stipulated by Federal Ministry of
Environment (FMEnv.), WHO (World Health
Organization) and the United State Environmental
Protection Agency (USEPA). This could result to
adverse environmental and health implications among
the inhabitants. Regular air quality monitoring for
better healthy living among residents of the study area
is recommended.
Keywords: Emission, Vehicular, Owerri
Sampling
@ IJTSRD | Available Online @ www.ijtsrd.com | Volume – 2 | Issue – 5 | Jul-Aug 2018
ISSN No: 2456 - 6470 | www.ijtsrd.com | Volume
International Journal of Trend in Scientific
Research and Development (IJTSRD)
International Open Access Journal
Preliminary Studies on Mean Levels of Vehicular Emissions
Sections of Owerri Road Nigeria
Umunnakwe Johnbosco Emeka1
, Dr. Aharanwa Bibian Chimezie
Department of Environmental Technology, 2
Department of Polymer and Textile Engineering
Federal University of Technology, Owerri Imo State, Nigeria
vehicular emissions on the
ambient air quality of sections of Owerri municipal
road by measuring the mean concentrations of CO,
NO2, SO2, VOCs, NH3 and suspended particulate
matter (PM7, PM10 and TSP) arising mainly from the
ies of motor vehicles in the month of October,
2017. The sampled stations were Wetheral road,
Okigwe road and Control Roundabout, which
constitute one of the heaviest traffic congestion
hotspots in the city. The sampling was carried out
and afternoon on four sampling
stations and a control point and standard methods
were adopted for field investigations. The levels of
gaseous emissions from vehicular activities were
sampled using a gas measuring meter of models BW
qual Environmental gas
Monitor and Aerocet 531 particle mass monitor for
(H2S, CO, NH3, CH4), (NO2, SO2, VOCS) and
(Suspended particulate matter ranging from PM1 –
PM10 and TSP) respectively. The result of the study
showed that with the exception of NH3 (3.889ppm)
and CO (7.944ppm) other air pollutants NO2
(0.108ppm), SO2 (0.146ppm), VOCs(0.556ppm),
PM7 (0.088mg/mm3), PM10 (0.140mg/mm3) and
TSP (0.216mg/mm3) measured exceeded the
concentration values stipulated by Federal Ministry of
HO (World Health
Organization) and the United State Environmental
Protection Agency (USEPA). This could result to
adverse environmental and health implications among
the inhabitants. Regular air quality monitoring for
of the study area
Owerri Air Quality,
INTRODUCTION
Air Pollution occurs when the air contains substances
either particles, liquids or gases in quantities that
could harm the comfort or health of humans and
animals, damage plants and materials (Alias
2007). As many cities around the world become mor
congested, concerns increase over the level of urban
air pollution such as our use of motor vehicles. Urban
air quality is paramount on environmental issues
around the world (Colvileet al
worldwide shows that nearly one billion peopl
urban environments are continuously being exposed
to health hazards from air pollutants (Ahrens, 2003).
Air pollutants from road traffic emitted from the
combustion of liquid or gaseous fossil fuels can affect
health in different ways and in varying d
severity ranging from minor irritation through serious
illness, to premature death (Dickey, 2000). Although
thousands of air pollutants from road traffic can be
identified, the main gases in the atmosphere and their
approximate percentages in dry
and Frederikse, (1997) are as shown in Table 1.
Table 1: Composition of air in percent by volume at
sea level at 15o
C and 101325 pa.
Gases Symbol
Nitrogen N
Oxygen O2
Argon Ar
Carbon(iv)oxide CO2
Neon Ne
Methane CH4
Aug 2018 Page: 456
6470 | www.ijtsrd.com | Volume - 2 | Issue – 5
Scientific
(IJTSRD)
International Open Access Journal
n Levels of Vehicular Emissions
Aharanwa Bibian Chimezie2
Department of Polymer and Textile Engineering
Air Pollution occurs when the air contains substances
either particles, liquids or gases in quantities that
could harm the comfort or health of humans and
animals, damage plants and materials (Alias et al.,
2007). As many cities around the world become more
congested, concerns increase over the level of urban
such as our use of motor vehicles. Urban
air quality is paramount on environmental issues
et al., 2001) and estimate
worldwide shows that nearly one billion people in
urban environments are continuously being exposed
to health hazards from air pollutants (Ahrens, 2003).
Air pollutants from road traffic emitted from the
combustion of liquid or gaseous fossil fuels can affect
health in different ways and in varying degrees of
severity ranging from minor irritation through serious
illness, to premature death (Dickey, 2000). Although
thousands of air pollutants from road traffic can be
the main gases in the atmosphere and their
approximate percentages in dry air according to David
and Frederikse, (1997) are as shown in Table 1.
Table 1: Composition of air in percent by volume at
C and 101325 pa.
Percentage
composition in air
78.084% (780840ppm)
20.9476%
(209476ppm)
0.934% (9340ppm)
0.0314% (314ppm)
0.001818%
(18.81ppm)
0.0002% (2ppm)
2. International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (IJTSRD) ISSN: 2456-6470
@ IJTSRD | Available Online @ www.ijtsrd.com | Volume – 2 | Issue – 5 | Jul-Aug 2018 Page: 457
Gases Symbol Percentage
composition in air
Helium He 0.000524% (5.24ppm)
Krypton Kr 0.000114% (1.14ppm)
Hydrogen H 0.00005% (0.5ppm)
Xenon Xe 0.0000087%
(0.087ppm)
Ozone O3 0.000007% (0.07ppm)
Nitrogen
dioxide
NO2 0.000002% (0.02ppm)
Iodine I2 0.000001% (0.01ppm)
Carbon
monoxide
CO Trace
Ammonia NH3 Trace
Source: David and Frederikse, (1997)
Road traffic is the dominant, if not the most
important, anthropogenic source of CO, NOx and
HCin urban areas which are emitted in close
proximity to human receptors, which enhances
exposure levels (Fenger, 1999,Rouphailet al, 2001).
The health challenges faced by road users, passers-by,
residents and business operators in traffic flash points,
having high concentration of vehicular traffic during
some periods of the day are worrisome issues (Utang
and Peterside, 2011).
Vehicular emissions are significant contributors to
Ambient air Quality Index (AQI) especially in urban
areas which can contribute to high level of urban air
pollution, adverse socioeconomic, environmental,
health, and welfare impacts. In city centres and
congested streets, traffic can be responsible for 80-90
% of these pollutants and this situation is particularly
severe in cities in developing countries (White legg
and Haq, 2003). Traffic congestion in Owerri
increases vehicle emissions and degrades ambient air
quality, and recent studies in other cities of Nigeria,
have shown excess morbidity and mortality for
drivers, commuters and individuals living near major
roadways (Asheshi, 2012). Traffic emissions
contribute about 50 to 80% of NO2 and CO
concentration in developing countries (Fu, 2001;
Goyal, 2006).Furthermore, in developing countries
the super emitters contribute about 50% of harmful
emissions to the entire average emission (Brunekreef,
2005).AQI is an index (Tables 2,3) for reporting daily
air quality in the United States (USEPA, 2003).
AQI Range Air Quality Condition
0 – 50 Good
51 – 100 Moderate
101 – 150 Unhealthy for sensitive group
151 – 200 Unhealthy
201 – 300 Very unhealthy
301 – 500 Hazardous
Source: USEPA (2003)
Table 2: Interpretations of the AQI values classification USEPA (2003)
Index Values AQI Category AQI Rating CO (ppm) NO2 (ppm) SO2 (ppm)
0 – 50 Good A 0 – 4.4 0 – 0.053 0 – 0.035
51 – 100 Moderate B 4.5 – 9.4 0.054 – 0.1 0.036– 0.075
101 – 150 Unhealthy for sensitive groups C 9.5 – 12.4 0.101 – 0.36 0.076– 0.185
151 – 200 Unhealthy D 12.5 – 15.4 0.361 – 0.64 0.186 – 0.304
201 – 300 Very unhealthy E 15.5 – 30.4 0.65 – 1.24 0.305 – 0.604
301 – 500 Hazardous F 30.5- 50.4 1.25 – 2.04 0.605 – 1.004
Source: USEPA (2003)
Table 3 shows the Nigerian National Ambient Air Quality approved Standards by the Federal Ministry of
Environment according to Nwachukwuetal., (2012).
Table 3: Nigerian National Ambient Air Quality Standards.
Pollutants Averaging time Limits
Particulates 1hour 250ug/m3
Sulphur dioxide (SO2) 1-24 hours 0.01-0.1ppm
Nitrogen dioxide (NO2) 1-24 hours 0.04-0.06ppm
Carbon monoxide (CO) 1-8 hours 10-20ppm
Hydrocarbon 3 hours 0.6ppm
Photochemical oxidants 1 hour 0.06ppm
3. International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (IJTSRD) ISSN: 2456
@ IJTSRD | Available Online @ www.ijtsrd.com
In Nigeria little reference is made on damage of
pollution caused by mobile transportation so
air pollution (Faboye, 1997; Iyoha, 2000;
Magbabeola, 2001). In other studies, only casual
references are made to the gravity of the problem of
pollution from mobile transportation sources (World
Bank, 1995; Garba and Garba, 2001).
STUDY AREA
Owerri is the capital of Imo state in Nigeria, situated
in the South-eastern part of Nigeria. Owerri,
state’s largest city consists of three Local Government
Areas including Owerri Municipal, Owerri North and
Owerri West (Fig.1). It has an estimated population of
about 401,873 as of 2006 and is approximately 100
square kilometres (40sq mi) in area (Wikipedia,
2016).Some major roads that transverse the city are;
Figure 1: Map of Imo state showing the study area
International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (IJTSRD) ISSN: 2456
@ IJTSRD | Available Online @ www.ijtsrd.com | Volume – 2 | Issue – 5 | Jul-Aug 2018
In Nigeria little reference is made on damage of
pollution caused by mobile transportation sources of
Iyoha, 2000;
In other studies, only casual
references are made to the gravity of the problem of
from mobile transportation sources (World
Owerri is the capital of Imo state in Nigeria, situated
eastern part of Nigeria. Owerri, the
state’s largest city consists of three Local Government
as including Owerri Municipal, Owerri North and
Owerri West (Fig.1). It has an estimated population of
about 401,873 as of 2006 and is approximately 100
square kilometres (40sq mi) in area (Wikipedia,
2016).Some major roads that transverse the city are;
Port Harcourt Road, Aba Road, Onitsha Road and
Okigwe Road. Some busy roads within the city are
Douglas Road, Wetheral Road, Tetlow Road and
Works Road.
Owerri falls within the rain forest and produces many
agricultural products, such as yam, cassava, corn
rubber and palm products. Owerri has a tropical wet
climate according to the Koppen
falls for most months of the year with a brief dry
season. The Harmattan affects the city in the early
periods of the dry season and it is noticeably
pronounced than in other cities in Nigeria.
annual temperature rangs between 26
humidity that varies between 50.5
municipal is characterized by influx of people and
high volume of vehicular flows in and out of th
Figure 1: Map of Imo state showing the study area
International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (IJTSRD) ISSN: 2456-6470
Aug 2018 Page: 458
rt Harcourt Road, Aba Road, Onitsha Road and
Okigwe Road. Some busy roads within the city are
Douglas Road, Wetheral Road, Tetlow Road and
Owerri falls within the rain forest and produces many
agricultural products, such as yam, cassava, corn,
rubber and palm products. Owerri has a tropical wet
climate according to the Koppen-Geiger system. Rain
falls for most months of the year with a brief dry
season. The Harmattan affects the city in the early
periods of the dry season and it is noticeably less
pronounced than in other cities in Nigeria. The mean
annual temperature rangs between 26 – 28 o
C, with
humidity that varies between 50.5 – 70.5 %.Owerri
municipal is characterized by influx of people and
high volume of vehicular flows in and out of the area.
4. International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (IJTSRD) ISSN: 2456-6470
@ IJTSRD | Available Online @ www.ijtsrd.com | Volume – 2 | Issue – 5 | Jul-Aug 2018 Page: 459
METHODOLOGY
In situ measurement of concentrations of CO, NO2
and SO2 which characterize the major pollutant gases
of vehicular emission was carefully carried out.Five
sampling stations(Table 4) were selected and the
criteria for their choice was based on traffic intensity,
peak period of time and road network.
Table 4: Location of Areas/Sampling points.
S/N Sample
Locations
Sample
points
Description
1
SPL1 - Fire
Service
Roundabout
P1 Along Egbu Road
P2 Fire Service by
Wetheral
2
SPL2 – MCC
Junction
P3 MCC Road by
Wetheral
P4 Along MCC Road
3
SPL3 –
Okigwe
Junction
P5 Along Bank Road
P6 Okigwe by
Wetheral
4
SPL4 –
Control
Roundabout
P7 Control By PHC
Road
P8 Control By
Onitsha Road
5 SPL0 –
Control
P0 FUTO – ASUU
Secretariat
Methods of Measurement
Suspended Particulate Matter (SPM) was measured
using an Aerocet 531 particle mass monitor to
measure respirable and total suspended particle.
Measurements were done by holding the sensor to a
height of about two meters in the direction of the
prevailing wind and readings recorded at point of
stability. The following noxious gases; Carbon
Monoxide (CO), Sulphur oxides (SOx), Nitrogen
Dioxides (NO2), Hydrogen Sulphide (H2S), Methane
(CH4), Ammonia (NH3) and Volatile Organic
Compounds (VOCs) were measured using Standard
methods as described below.
A BW Multi gas Monitor with range of detection 0.1 –
100 ppm equipped with photochemical sensor was
used for the measurement of CO. Measurements were
done by holding the sensor to a breathing height of
about 1.5 meters in the direction of the prevailing
wind, while readings was recorded at stability when
the monitor had warmed up sensors and air pumped
into the sensor. An Aeroqual Environmental gas
Monitor equipped with infrared sensor was used for
the measurement of SO2. The technique operates on
the principle of dual wavelength IR Absorption,
having detection range between 0.01 – 1000 mg/m3
with alarm set at 5.00 and 20.00 mg/m3
.
Measurements were done by holding the sensor to a
breathing height of about 1.5 meters in the direction
of the prevailing wind and reading was recorded when
the monitor had warmed up (3minutes) to burn off
contaminants on the sensor and air sucked into the
sensor. An Aeroqual Environmental gas Monitor
equipped with infrared sensor was used for the
measurement of NO2. The technique operates on the
principle of dual wavelength IR Absorption, having
range of detection between 0.001 – 1 mg/m3
with
alarm set at 0.002 and 1.000 mg/m3
. Measurements
were done by holding the sensor to a breathing height
of about 1.5 meters in the direction of the prevailing
wind. Reading was recorded when the monitor had
warmed up (3minutes) to burn off contaminants on
the sensor and air sucked into the sensor. A BW Multi
gas Monitor equipped with photochemical sensor was
used for the measurement of H2S. Measurements were
done by holding the sensor to a breathing height of
about 1.5 meters in the direction of the prevailing
wind, with readings recorded when the monitor had
warmed up. A BW Multi gas Monitor equipped with
photochemical sensor was used for the measurement
ofNH3. The range of detection is between 1.0- 25 ppm
with alarm set at 2 and 10 ppm. Measurements were
done by holding the sensor to a breathing height of
about 1.5 meters in the direction of the prevailing
wind and readings was recorded when the monitor
had warmed up sensors. Aeroqual Environmental gas
Monitor equipped with infrared sensor was used for
the measurement of VOCs. The Equipment operates
on the principle of dual wavelength IR Absorption,
The range of detection is between 0.1-1000 mg/m3
with alarm set at 0.20 and 50.00 mg/m3
.
Measurements were done by holding the sensor to a
breathing height of about 1.5 meters in the direction
of the prevailing wind, and readings were recorded
when the monitor had warmed up (3minutes) to burn
off contaminants on the sensor and air sucked into the
sensor.
Figure 2: Calibrated Equipment Used for the Study.
5. International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (IJTSRD) ISSN: 2456
@ IJTSRD | Available Online @ www.ijtsrd.com
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
TABLE 4: THE MEAN VALUES OF THE POLLUTANTS
STATION TIME PM7 PM10
CONTROL JUNCT A 0.075
CONTROL JUNCT M 0.210
FUTO M 0.016
MCC A 0.084
MCC M 0.079
OKIGWE ROAD A 0.101
OKIGWE ROAD M 0.134
WETHERAL A 0.092
WETHERAL M 0.048
TIME DATA ANALYSIS OF THE SAMPLED STATIONS
Figure 3:Time Data analysis of Okigwe road
Figure 4:Time Data analysis of Wetheral Road
0.0
20.0
40.0
60.0
80.0
100.0
% OF
PM7
% OF
PM10
% OF
TSP
TIME DATA OF OKIGWE ROAD
OKIGWE ROAD
0.0
10.0
20.0
30.0
40.0
50.0
60.0
70.0
80.0
90.0
100.0
% OF
PM7
% OF
PM10
% OF
TSP
TIME DATA WETHERAL
International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (IJTSRD) ISSN: 2456
@ IJTSRD | Available Online @ www.ijtsrd.com | Volume – 2 | Issue – 5 | Jul-Aug 2018
TABLE 4: THE MEAN VALUES OF THE POLLUTANTS
PM10 TSP NO2 SO2 VOC H2S
0.170 0.317 0.107 0.140 0.200 0.000
0.313 0.423 0.107 0.130 0.200 0.000
0.018 0.019 0.055 0.010 2.000 1.000
0.064 0.116 0.122 0.070 0.600 0.500
0.099 0.121 0.117 0.065 0.400 0.500
0.189 0.308 0.108 0.000 0.150 0.500
0.217 0.318 0.156 0.000 0.150 0.500
0.125 0.208 0.098 0.420 0.550 0.000
0.061 0.115 0.096 0.480 0.750 0.000
M= Morning A= Afternoon
THE SAMPLED STATIONS
Figure 3:Time Data analysis of Okigwe road – FUTO
Figure 4:Time Data analysis of Wetheral Road - FUTO
% OF
TSP
% OF
NO2
% OF
SO2
% OF
VOC
% OF
H2S
% of
CO2
% OF
NH3
TIME DATA OF OKIGWE ROAD-FUTO
OKIGWE ROAD OKIGWE ROAD FUTO
% OF
TSP
% OF
NO2
% OF
SO2
% OF
VOC
% OF
H2S
% of
CO2
% OF
NH3
TIME DATA WETHERAL -FUTO
WETHERAL WETHERAL FUTO
International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (IJTSRD) ISSN: 2456-6470
Aug 2018 Page: 460
CO NH3 CH4
4.500 5.000 0.500
4.000 5.500 0.500
1.000 1.000 1.000
10.500 4.500 0.500
11.500 6.000 0.500
7.500 3.500 0.000
12.500 3.500 0.000
8.500 3.000 0.000
12.500 4.000 0.000
% OF
CH4
% OF
CH4
6. International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (IJTSRD) ISSN: 2456
@ IJTSRD | Available Online @ www.ijtsrd.com
The analysis was done at the time the pollutants were sampled with respect to morning and afternoon hours.
The result shows that the concentration of t
hours than in the afternoon hours, for particulate matter, but other pollutants showed higher values in the
afternoon and along Wetheral due to the increase of gas emission from cars of p
works. Particulate matter is primarily produced by mechanical processes such as construction activities, which
produces road dust transported by wind(Mishra,2008), whereas the latter originates primarily from combustion
sources.
Figure 5: Time Data Analysis of Control
Figure 6: Time Data Analysis of MCC
The results further showed a comparison of all the
sites with respect to the NAAQ standard. The results
of the study showed that all the sites exceeded the
0.0
10.0
20.0
30.0
40.0
50.0
60.0
70.0
80.0
90.0
100.0
% OF
PM7
% OF
PM10
% OF
TSP
TIME DATA OF CONTROL
CONTROL JUNCTION
0.0
10.0
20.0
30.0
40.0
50.0
60.0
70.0
% OF
PM7
% OF
PM10
% OF
TSP
Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (IJTSRD) ISSN: 2456
@ IJTSRD | Available Online @ www.ijtsrd.com | Volume – 2 | Issue – 5 | Jul-Aug 2018
The analysis was done at the time the pollutants were sampled with respect to morning and afternoon hours.
The result shows that the concentration of these pollutants in this region is specifically higher in the morning
hours than in the afternoon hours, for particulate matter, but other pollutants showed higher values in the
afternoon and along Wetheral due to the increase of gas emission from cars of people driving to their places of
is primarily produced by mechanical processes such as construction activities, which
produces road dust transported by wind(Mishra,2008), whereas the latter originates primarily from combustion
Figure 5: Time Data Analysis of Control – FUTO
Figure 6: Time Data Analysis of MCC – FUTO.
The results further showed a comparison of all the
sites with respect to the NAAQ standard. The results
of the study showed that all the sites exceeded the
average concentration level of NO
except in FUTO which was within the range. Th
reason for the high concentration of NO
% OF
TSP
% OF
NO2
% OF
SO2
% OF
VOC
% OF
H2S
% of
CO2
% OF
NH3
% OF
TIME DATA OF CONTROL-FUTO
CONTROL JUNCTION CONTROL JUNCTION FUTO
% OF
TSP
% OF
NO2
% OF
SO2
% OF
VOC
% OF
H2S
% of
CO2
% OF
NH3
% OF
TIME DATA OF MCC-FUTO
MCC MCC FUTO
Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (IJTSRD) ISSN: 2456-6470
Aug 2018 Page: 461
The analysis was done at the time the pollutants were sampled with respect to morning and afternoon hours.
hese pollutants in this region is specifically higher in the morning
hours than in the afternoon hours, for particulate matter, but other pollutants showed higher values in the
eople driving to their places of
is primarily produced by mechanical processes such as construction activities, which
produces road dust transported by wind(Mishra,2008), whereas the latter originates primarily from combustion
average concentration level of NO2set bythe standard
except in FUTO which was within the range. The
reason for the high concentration of NO2 in these sites
% OF
CH4
% OF
CH4
7. International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (IJTSRD) ISSN: 2456
@ IJTSRD | Available Online @ www.ijtsrd.com
is as a result of high temperature combustion in
automobile engines. The SO2 level in all the sites
exceeded the 24 hour averaging time of 0.02 ppm in
the morning and afternoon except for FUTO and
Okigwe Road which fell below or has no
SO2concentration according to the NAAQS standard.
This is totally different in the case of Wetheral which
had the highest concentration of all the sites both in
the morning and afternoon times followed by Control
Junction and MCC. Similarly, a survey conducted by
Abam and Unachukwu (2009) in Calabar revealed a
rise in the concentration of NO2 and SO
highly congested traffic points. When assessed using
Air Quality Index, the concentration of SO
between 0.04ppm to 0.15ppm (poor to very poor).
Similarly, NO2 ranged from poor to very poor at
concentrations of between 0.02ppm –
CO level in all the sites exceeds the 1 hour averaging
time of 10ppm in the morning except for Control
junction and FUTO, but the CO level in all the site is
below the 1 hour averaging time of 10ppm excepts for
MCC which is above the standard. The high
concentration of CO in the affected areas is as a result
of incomplete combustion of fossil fuel in automobile
Figure 7: Average distribution of pollutants
0.000
10.000
20.000
30.000
40.000
50.000
60.000
70.000
% OF PM7 % OF
PM10
% OF TSP
Average distribution of the pollutants
CONTROL JUNCTION
Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (IJTSRD) ISSN: 2456
@ IJTSRD | Available Online @ www.ijtsrd.com | Volume – 2 | Issue – 5 | Jul-Aug 2018
is as a result of high temperature combustion in
level in all the sites
exceeded the 24 hour averaging time of 0.02 ppm in
the morning and afternoon except for FUTO and
kigwe Road which fell below or has no
concentration according to the NAAQS standard.
This is totally different in the case of Wetheral which
had the highest concentration of all the sites both in
the morning and afternoon times followed by Control
Similarly, a survey conducted by
Abam and Unachukwu (2009) in Calabar revealed a
and SO2 especially at
highly congested traffic points. When assessed using
Air Quality Index, the concentration of SO2 ranged
ween 0.04ppm to 0.15ppm (poor to very poor).
ranged from poor to very poor at
– 0.09ppm.The
CO level in all the sites exceeds the 1 hour averaging
time of 10ppm in the morning except for Control
FUTO, but the CO level in all the site is
below the 1 hour averaging time of 10ppm excepts for
MCC which is above the standard. The high
concentration of CO in the affected areas is as a result
of incomplete combustion of fossil fuel in automobile
engines which occurs all through the day. The same is
observed for the 8 hours averaging time of 20ppm for
which all parameters were below the WHO standard
limit. A similar work by Ndoke and Jimoh (2000) at
Minna, a city in Nigeria showed
value for CO emission obtained was 15ppm which is
also still lower than the base line of 48ppm stipulated
by WHO and 20ppm stipulated by Federal
Environmental Protection Agency of Nigeria (FEPA,
1991). The implication of this is that in as much as
people subsist daily in these areas to carry out their
business activities, they are constantly exposed to
these concentrations of pollutants which are released
at ground level (i.e. human breath
attendant health implication
Chukwuocha,2012). An individual’s exposure to a CO
level as recorded in the sites (above 20 ppm) is
capable of causing headache, dizziness and exertion.
It may even be severe in individuals with health
conditions such as asthma. The average distribution
and trend analysis of the pollutants (
the variations as a result of location and time of
sampling.
Figure 7: Average distribution of pollutants
% OF NO2 % OF SO2 % OF VOC % OF H2S % OF CO % OF NH3
Average distribution of the pollutants
CONTROL JUNCTION FUTO MCC OKIGWE ROAD WETHERAL
Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (IJTSRD) ISSN: 2456-6470
Aug 2018 Page: 462
which occurs all through the day. The same is
observed for the 8 hours averaging time of 20ppm for
were below the WHO standard
limit. A similar work by Ndoke and Jimoh (2000) at
Minna, a city in Nigeria showed that the maximum
for CO emission obtained was 15ppm which is
also still lower than the base line of 48ppm stipulated
by WHO and 20ppm stipulated by Federal
Environmental Protection Agency of Nigeria (FEPA,
1991). The implication of this is that in as much as
daily in these areas to carry out their
business activities, they are constantly exposed to
these concentrations of pollutants which are released
at ground level (i.e. human breathing level) with their
implication (Nwachukwu &
2012). An individual’s exposure to a CO
level as recorded in the sites (above 20 ppm) is
capable of causing headache, dizziness and exertion.
It may even be severe in individuals with health
conditions such as asthma. The average distribution
pollutants (Figs.7, 8) shows
the variations as a result of location and time of
% OF NH3 % OF CH4
8. International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (IJTSRD) ISSN: 2456
@ IJTSRD | Available Online @ www.ijtsrd.com
Figure 8: Trend analysis of pollutants.
CONCLUSIONS
From the reported study, air quality in Owerri
Municipal, varied in space and time. Though areas
around the Control Junction and the Wetheral
Junction experienced high traffic congestion and low
air quality in most times of the day, the study from the
monitoring of the sites indicated that the average
distribution of the pollutants varied with respect to the
location. Control Junction had the highest
concentration of PM7, PM10 and TSP, as a result of
mechanical and construction activities being carried
out in this area. Okigwe Road had the highest
concentration of NO2, Wetheral Junction had the
highest concentration of SO2, while FUTO had the
highest concentration of VOC, CH4and H
result indiscriminate dumping of waste around the
school environment. MCC has the highest
concentration of CO followed closely by Wetheral
and Okigwe. MCC and Control has the same
concentration level of NH3.When compared with
National Ambient Air Quality Standards, the
pollutants exceeded the concentration limits required
for healthy air quality. However, because some
residences and structural facilities were situated close
to the study locations, background concentrations in
those areas were high when compared to other
background locations; this is because the dispersion of
these pollutants was at a lower rate.
0.000
10.000
20.000
30.000
40.000
50.000
60.000
70.000
% OF PM7 % OF PM10 % OF TSP
Trend analysis of pollutants
CONTROL JUNCTION
Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (IJTSRD) ISSN: 2456
@ IJTSRD | Available Online @ www.ijtsrd.com | Volume – 2 | Issue – 5 | Jul-Aug 2018
Figure 8: Trend analysis of pollutants.
From the reported study, air quality in Owerri
Municipal, varied in space and time. Though areas
around the Control Junction and the Wetheral
Junction experienced high traffic congestion and low
air quality in most times of the day, the study from the
nitoring of the sites indicated that the average
distribution of the pollutants varied with respect to the
location. Control Junction had the highest
and TSP, as a result of
mechanical and construction activities being carried
t in this area. Okigwe Road had the highest
Junction had the
FUTO had the
and H2S; as a
result indiscriminate dumping of waste around the
school environment. MCC has the highest
concentration of CO followed closely by Wetheral
and Okigwe. MCC and Control has the same
.When compared with
lity Standards, the
pollutants exceeded the concentration limits required
for healthy air quality. However, because some
residences and structural facilities were situated close
to the study locations, background concentrations in
n compared to other
background locations; this is because the dispersion of
RECOMMENDATIONS
In order to mitigate the problems/challenges posed by
vehicular traffic emissions in Owerri,
vehicular traffic can be mitigated if emission
standards are set and enforced by the relevant agents
of government. Such measure will require all vehicles
to pass an emission test to be deemed fit to ply the
road. This will encourage vehicle owners to carry out
regular maintenance checks on their vehicles.
measures include, improvement in public transport
operation, funding of research by government, land
use planning, promoting public awareness and
education and vehicle age
REFERENCES
1. Abam, F. I. and Nwachukwu, G.
Vehicular emission and air quality standards in
Nigeria. European Journal of Scientific Research
34(4):550- 560.
2. Alias, M., Hamzah, Z. and Kenn, L.
PM10 and total suspended particulates (TSP)
measurement in various pow
Journal of Analytical Sciences,
3. Ahrens, C. D. (2003). Meteorology Today
Introduction to Weather, Climate and the
Environment, 7th edition, Thomson Brooks/Cole,
pp.20-24.
% OF TSP % OF NO2 % OF SO2 % OF VOC % OF H2S % OF CO % OF NH3
Trend analysis of pollutants
FUTO MCC OKIGWE ROAD WETHERAL
Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (IJTSRD) ISSN: 2456-6470
Aug 2018 Page: 463
In order to mitigate the problems/challenges posed by
vehicular traffic emissions in Owerri, emissions from
traffic can be mitigated if emission
standards are set and enforced by the relevant agents
of government. Such measure will require all vehicles
to pass an emission test to be deemed fit to ply the
road. This will encourage vehicle owners to carry out
lar maintenance checks on their vehicles. Other
improvement in public transport
operation, funding of research by government, land
use planning, promoting public awareness and
Nwachukwu, G. O. (2009).
Vehicular emission and air quality standards in
European Journal of Scientific Research
Alias, M., Hamzah, Z. and Kenn, L. S. (2007).
PM10 and total suspended particulates (TSP)
measurement in various power stations. Malaysian
Journal of Analytical Sciences, 11(1):255 – 261.
D. (2003). Meteorology Today - An
Introduction to Weather, Climate and the
Environment, 7th edition, Thomson Brooks/Cole,
% OF NH3 % OF CH4
WETHERAL
9. International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (IJTSRD) ISSN: 2456-6470
@ IJTSRD | Available Online @ www.ijtsrd.com | Volume – 2 | Issue – 5 | Jul-Aug 2018 Page: 464
4. Asheshi, O. O. (2012). Measurement of Traffic
Emission in Lafia Metropolis. Journal of Science
and Multidisciplinary Research. 4:34-44
5. Brunekreef, B. (2005). Out of Africa, Occupation
and Environmental Medicine.62:351- 352. BMJ
publishing group.
6. Colvile, R. N., Hutchinson, E. J., Mindell, J. S. &
Warren, R. F. (2001) The transport sector as a
source of pollution, Atmospheric environment,
vol. 35, pp. 1537 – 1565
7. David, R. L. and Frederikse, H. P. R. (1997).
Handbook of Chemistry and Physics.28th Edition.
8. Dickey, J. H. (2000) Selected topics related to
occupational exposures - part vii: air pollution:
overview of sources and health, DM Disease -
Mouth, vol. 46, No. 9, pp.556 – 589.
9. Faboye, O. O. (1997). Industrial pollution and
waste management. PP 26-35 in Akinjide
Osuntogun (ed.). Dimensions of Environmental
Problems in Nigeria, Ibadan Davidson press
limited, Nigeria.
10. Fenger, J. (1999). Urban Air Quality, Atmospheric
Environment, Vol. 33, PP. 4877- 4900
11. FEPA (1991). Guidelines and standards for
environmental pollution control in
Nigeria. Federal Environmental Protection
Agency press, LagosFu, L. (2001). Assessment of
Vehicle Pollution in China. Journal of the Air and
Waste Management: 51(5):658 – 668.
12. Garba, A. G. and Garba, P. K. (2001). Market
Failure and Air Pollution in Nigeria: A theoretical
investigation of two cases, selected papers,
Annual Conference of Nigerian Economic
Society, held in Port-Harcourt.
13. Goyal, S. (2006). Understanding urban vehicular
pollution problem vis-à-vis ambient air quality.
Case study of megacity (Delhi, India).
Environmental monitoring and assessment,
119:557-569.
14. Iyoha, M. A. (2009). The environmental effects of
oil industry activities on the Nigerian economy: A
Theoretical Analysis. Paper presented at the
National conference on the Management of
Nigeria‟s Petroleum Resources organized by the
Department of Economics, Delta State University.
15. Magbabeola N. O (2001). The use of Economic
Instruments for Industrial pollution Abatement in
Nigeria: Application to the Lagos Lagoon.
Selected papers, Annual Conferences of the
Nigerian Economic Society held in Port-Harcourt.
16. Mishra, P. C. (2008). Fundamentals or Air and
Water Pollution, New Delhi: APH publishers
limited. P. 7-17.
17. Ndoke P. N. and Jimoh D.O. (2000). Impact of
Traffic Emission on Air Quality in a Developing
City of Nigeria. Unpublished paper presented at
the Department of Civil Engineering, Federal
University of Technology Minna, Nigeria.
18. Nwachukwu, A. N., Chukwuocha, E. O. and
Igbudu, O. (2012). A survey on the effects of air
pollution on diseases of the people of Rivers State,
Nigeria. African Journal of Environmental
Science and Technology Vol. 6(10):371-379.
19. Rouphail, N. M., Frey, H. C., Colyar, J. D. and
Unal, a (2001). Vehicle emissions and traffic
measures: Exploratory analysis of field
observation at signalized arterials. Paper presented
at the 80th Annual Meeting of the Transportation
Research Board.
20. USEPA (2003). Guideline for Reporting Daily Air
Quality. Air Quality Index (AQI), EPA454/k-03-
002, Office of Air Quality Planning and
Standards: Research Triangle Park, NC.
21. Utang, P. B., and Peterside, K. S. (2011). Spatio-
temporal variations in urban vehicular. Ethiopian
Journal of Environmental Studies and
Management, 4(2).
22. WHO (2004). Health Aspects of Air Pollution:
Results from the WHO project. “Systematic
Review of Health Aspects of Air Pollution in
Europe”.
23. World Bank (1995). Defining Environmental
Development Strategy for the-Niger Delta.
DRAFT REPORT on Niger Delta Wetlands
Volume II. World Bank, Washington DC. May
25th.