This study investigated the daily concentration of lead in roadside topsoil at a roundabout in Osogbo, Nigeria over the course of a week. Samples were collected from eight locations each day and analyzed for lead content. The highest levels of lead were found on Tuesdays and Wednesdays along the route to the government secretariat, accounting for 28% and 29% of daily lead levels, respectively. Automobile exhaust was identified as the primary source of lead contamination. While levels were low compared to other studies, continued monitoring is recommended due to potential health risks from lead exposure, especially for children.
SIMULATION OF ATMOSPHERIC POLLUTANTS DISPERSION IN AN URBAN ENVIRONMENTAM Publications
Interest in air pollution investigation of urban environment due to existence of industrial and commercial activities along with vehicular emission and existence of buildings and streets which setup natural barrier for pollutant dispersion in the urban environment has increased. The air pollution modelling is a multidisciplinary subject when the entire cities are taken under consideration where urban planning and geometries are complex which needs a large software packages to be developed like Operational Street Pollution Model (OSPM), California Line Source model (CALINE series) etc. On overviewing various works it can be summarized that the air pollutant dispersion in urban street canyons and all linked phenomenon such as wind flow, pollutant concentrations, temperature distribution etc. generally depend on wind speed and direction, building heights and density, road width, source and intensity of air pollution, meteorological variables like temperature, humidity etc. A unique and surprising case is observed every time on numerous combinations of these factors. The main aim of this study is to simulate the atmospheric pollutant dispersion for given pollutant like carbon monoxide, sulphur dioxide and nitrogen dioxide and given atmospheric conditions like wind speed and direction. Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) simulation for analysing the atmospheric pollutant dispersion is done after natural airflow analysis. Volume rendering is done for variables such as phase 2 volume fraction and velocity with resolution as 250 pixels per inch and transparency as 20%. It can be observed that all the three pollutant namely nitrogen dioxide, sulphur dioxide and carbon monoxide the phase 2 volume fraction changes from 0 to 1. The wind velocity changes from 3.395×10-13 m/s to 1.692×102 m/s. The dispersion of pollutants follow the sequence Sulphur dioxide>Carbon monoxide>Nitrogen dioxide.
IRJET- Air Pollution Detection using Modified Traingular Mutation based Parti...IRJET Journal
This document discusses air pollution detection using a modified particle swarm optimization technique. It begins with an abstract that outlines using machine learning tools and a novel particle swarm optimization model to predict benzene concentration in air. This is aimed to overcome gaps in previous literature and improve particle swarm optimization by adding a triangular mutation operator to enhance search capabilities and convergence speed. The document then provides background on sources of air pollution, major pollutants, health effects, and standards in India before reviewing related work applying statistical techniques to better understand multivariate air pollution extremes.
Air Pollution: A New Approach on Global WarmingIJLT EMAS
In a move to curb pollution from the coal- based
power sector. The Union Ministry of Environment ,Forest and
Climate change(MOEF&CC) had announced new emission
limits for power stations ,both existing and upcoming. The
enhanced pace of developmental activities after industrial
revolution i.e. 18th century and rapid urbanization have resulted
in stress on natural resources and quality of life. Pollution is now
a common place term that our ears are attuned to. We hear
about the various forms of pollution and read about it through
the mass media. Air pollution is one such form that refers to the
contamination of the air, irrespective of indoors or outside. A
physical, biological or chemical alteration to the air in the
atmosphere can be termed as pollution. Thus air pollutants are
substances emitted into the air from an anthropogenic, biogenic,
or geogenic source, that is either not part of natural atmosphere
or is present in higher concentrations than the natural
atmosphere, and may cause a short term or long term adverse
effect. It occurs when any harmful gases, dust, smoke enters into
the atmosphere and makes it difficult for plants, animals and
humans to survive as the air becomes dirty. A WHO report
released in May 2014 showed that most of Indian cities are death
traps due to very high air pollution levels. The urban air quality
database of WHO, covering 1600 cities across 91 countries
showed that Indian cities are among those with highest levels of
(Particulate Matter) PM 10 and PM 2.5 and less. Black carbon is
also a kind of particulate matter, responsible for global warming.
Knowledge and Attitude of the Staff of Emmanuel Alayande College of Education...ijtsrd
There are many situations where human activities have significant effect on the environment, ozone layer damage is one of them. This paper aims to investigate into the knowledge and attitude of the staff of Emmanuel Alayande College of Education, Oyo State, Nigeria, on the use of ozone layer depleting substances. Data in the study was collected via a questionnaire divided into two parts the first part is designed to determine the knowledge of the respondents about the ozone layer as well as elucidate common misconceptions several people have about the ozone layer and related concepts such as greenhouse effect and global warming and the second part was constructed to determine the attitude of the respondents towards the use of ozone layer depleting substances. Two hypotheses were formulated and tested at 0.05 level of significance, the results of the data obtained were analysed using percentages and chi square statistical tool of Statistical Package for Social Sciences SPSS . The results showed that the knowledge of the staff in the field of science supersedes those of other disciplines, yet they have a few common misconceptions. Also, it was found that the attitude of the staff is significantly influenced by their level of education and area of academic discipline, as the null hypothesis formulated was rejected. It was recommended that environmental studies should be included in the school curriculum from primary level to tertiary level in order to enhance the knowledge of the populace on ozone layer depletion and its consequences. Ogunmola Oluranti O | Odedoyin Boluwatife E | Amusat Mumini A "Knowledge and Attitude of the Staff of Emmanuel Alayande College of Education, Oyo Campus on the use of Ozone Layer Depleting Substances" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-3 | Issue-6 , October 2019, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd28111.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/other-scientific-research-area/enviormental-science/28111/knowledge-and-attitude-of-the-staff-of-emmanuel-alayande-college-of-education-oyo-campus-on-the-use-of-ozone-layer-depleting-substances/ogunmola-oluranti-o
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is a team of researchers not publication services or private publications running the journals for monetary benefits, we are association of scientists and academia who focus only on supporting authors who want to publish their work. The articles published in our journal can be accessed online, all the articles will be archived for real time access.
Our journal system primarily aims to bring out the research talent and the works done by sciaentists, academia, engineers, practitioners, scholars, post graduate students of engineering and science. This journal aims to cover the scientific research in a broader sense and not publishing a niche area of research facilitating researchers from various verticals to publish their papers. It is also aimed to provide a platform for the researchers to publish in a shorter of time, enabling them to continue further All articles published are freely available to scientific researchers in the Government agencies,educators and the general public. We are taking serious efforts to promote our journal across the globe in various ways, we are sure that our journal will act as a scientific platform for all researchers to publish their works online.
The document discusses key changes to environmental protection in China. It describes several environmental issues China faces such as air, water and soil pollution. It outlines new programs and regulations China has implemented to monitor pollution levels and enforce standards. These include monitoring air quality, rivers and groundwater, and establishing wastewater treatment plants. The document also compares China's Ministry of Environmental Protection to the US Environmental Protection Agency.
MODELING THE EFFECT OF ATMOSPHERIC STABILITY, NITROGEN OXIDE AND CARBON MONOX...IAEME Publication
Modeling the effect of atmospheric stability, Nitrogen oxide and carbon monoxide on ozone formation is presented. The observation of NO2, CO, Ozone and meteorological parameters were carried out in 5 predefined locations in Ogba/Egbema/Ndoni Local Government area in Nigeria. A model which was dependent CO, NO and solar radiation was developed and it attained a correlation coefficient of 0.6. Sensitivity analysis was carried out of the independent variables of the developed model and NO2 showed no significance to the formation of Ozone and a 0.5% coefficient of correlation in the direct relationship to Ozone formation.
ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT VS EFFECTS OF AIR POLLUTION ON HUMAN HEALTH; A CASE STUD...koketso Kanekane
This document discusses the relationship between economic development and air pollution in Botswana. It outlines various sources of air pollution in the country, including industries, fossil fuel combustion, vehicles, and agriculture. In particular, mining operations like the BCL Mine in Selebi Phikwe are highlighted as major polluters. While economic growth is needed, unchecked industrialization has caused air quality problems and negative health effects. The document argues that environmental protection and economic development must be balanced to ensure sustainable development and a clean environment for the future. The study aims to evaluate air pollution impacts, provide policy recommendations, and help Botswana implement international agreements to mitigate pollution.
SIMULATION OF ATMOSPHERIC POLLUTANTS DISPERSION IN AN URBAN ENVIRONMENTAM Publications
Interest in air pollution investigation of urban environment due to existence of industrial and commercial activities along with vehicular emission and existence of buildings and streets which setup natural barrier for pollutant dispersion in the urban environment has increased. The air pollution modelling is a multidisciplinary subject when the entire cities are taken under consideration where urban planning and geometries are complex which needs a large software packages to be developed like Operational Street Pollution Model (OSPM), California Line Source model (CALINE series) etc. On overviewing various works it can be summarized that the air pollutant dispersion in urban street canyons and all linked phenomenon such as wind flow, pollutant concentrations, temperature distribution etc. generally depend on wind speed and direction, building heights and density, road width, source and intensity of air pollution, meteorological variables like temperature, humidity etc. A unique and surprising case is observed every time on numerous combinations of these factors. The main aim of this study is to simulate the atmospheric pollutant dispersion for given pollutant like carbon monoxide, sulphur dioxide and nitrogen dioxide and given atmospheric conditions like wind speed and direction. Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) simulation for analysing the atmospheric pollutant dispersion is done after natural airflow analysis. Volume rendering is done for variables such as phase 2 volume fraction and velocity with resolution as 250 pixels per inch and transparency as 20%. It can be observed that all the three pollutant namely nitrogen dioxide, sulphur dioxide and carbon monoxide the phase 2 volume fraction changes from 0 to 1. The wind velocity changes from 3.395×10-13 m/s to 1.692×102 m/s. The dispersion of pollutants follow the sequence Sulphur dioxide>Carbon monoxide>Nitrogen dioxide.
IRJET- Air Pollution Detection using Modified Traingular Mutation based Parti...IRJET Journal
This document discusses air pollution detection using a modified particle swarm optimization technique. It begins with an abstract that outlines using machine learning tools and a novel particle swarm optimization model to predict benzene concentration in air. This is aimed to overcome gaps in previous literature and improve particle swarm optimization by adding a triangular mutation operator to enhance search capabilities and convergence speed. The document then provides background on sources of air pollution, major pollutants, health effects, and standards in India before reviewing related work applying statistical techniques to better understand multivariate air pollution extremes.
Air Pollution: A New Approach on Global WarmingIJLT EMAS
In a move to curb pollution from the coal- based
power sector. The Union Ministry of Environment ,Forest and
Climate change(MOEF&CC) had announced new emission
limits for power stations ,both existing and upcoming. The
enhanced pace of developmental activities after industrial
revolution i.e. 18th century and rapid urbanization have resulted
in stress on natural resources and quality of life. Pollution is now
a common place term that our ears are attuned to. We hear
about the various forms of pollution and read about it through
the mass media. Air pollution is one such form that refers to the
contamination of the air, irrespective of indoors or outside. A
physical, biological or chemical alteration to the air in the
atmosphere can be termed as pollution. Thus air pollutants are
substances emitted into the air from an anthropogenic, biogenic,
or geogenic source, that is either not part of natural atmosphere
or is present in higher concentrations than the natural
atmosphere, and may cause a short term or long term adverse
effect. It occurs when any harmful gases, dust, smoke enters into
the atmosphere and makes it difficult for plants, animals and
humans to survive as the air becomes dirty. A WHO report
released in May 2014 showed that most of Indian cities are death
traps due to very high air pollution levels. The urban air quality
database of WHO, covering 1600 cities across 91 countries
showed that Indian cities are among those with highest levels of
(Particulate Matter) PM 10 and PM 2.5 and less. Black carbon is
also a kind of particulate matter, responsible for global warming.
Knowledge and Attitude of the Staff of Emmanuel Alayande College of Education...ijtsrd
There are many situations where human activities have significant effect on the environment, ozone layer damage is one of them. This paper aims to investigate into the knowledge and attitude of the staff of Emmanuel Alayande College of Education, Oyo State, Nigeria, on the use of ozone layer depleting substances. Data in the study was collected via a questionnaire divided into two parts the first part is designed to determine the knowledge of the respondents about the ozone layer as well as elucidate common misconceptions several people have about the ozone layer and related concepts such as greenhouse effect and global warming and the second part was constructed to determine the attitude of the respondents towards the use of ozone layer depleting substances. Two hypotheses were formulated and tested at 0.05 level of significance, the results of the data obtained were analysed using percentages and chi square statistical tool of Statistical Package for Social Sciences SPSS . The results showed that the knowledge of the staff in the field of science supersedes those of other disciplines, yet they have a few common misconceptions. Also, it was found that the attitude of the staff is significantly influenced by their level of education and area of academic discipline, as the null hypothesis formulated was rejected. It was recommended that environmental studies should be included in the school curriculum from primary level to tertiary level in order to enhance the knowledge of the populace on ozone layer depletion and its consequences. Ogunmola Oluranti O | Odedoyin Boluwatife E | Amusat Mumini A "Knowledge and Attitude of the Staff of Emmanuel Alayande College of Education, Oyo Campus on the use of Ozone Layer Depleting Substances" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-3 | Issue-6 , October 2019, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd28111.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/other-scientific-research-area/enviormental-science/28111/knowledge-and-attitude-of-the-staff-of-emmanuel-alayande-college-of-education-oyo-campus-on-the-use-of-ozone-layer-depleting-substances/ogunmola-oluranti-o
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is a team of researchers not publication services or private publications running the journals for monetary benefits, we are association of scientists and academia who focus only on supporting authors who want to publish their work. The articles published in our journal can be accessed online, all the articles will be archived for real time access.
Our journal system primarily aims to bring out the research talent and the works done by sciaentists, academia, engineers, practitioners, scholars, post graduate students of engineering and science. This journal aims to cover the scientific research in a broader sense and not publishing a niche area of research facilitating researchers from various verticals to publish their papers. It is also aimed to provide a platform for the researchers to publish in a shorter of time, enabling them to continue further All articles published are freely available to scientific researchers in the Government agencies,educators and the general public. We are taking serious efforts to promote our journal across the globe in various ways, we are sure that our journal will act as a scientific platform for all researchers to publish their works online.
The document discusses key changes to environmental protection in China. It describes several environmental issues China faces such as air, water and soil pollution. It outlines new programs and regulations China has implemented to monitor pollution levels and enforce standards. These include monitoring air quality, rivers and groundwater, and establishing wastewater treatment plants. The document also compares China's Ministry of Environmental Protection to the US Environmental Protection Agency.
MODELING THE EFFECT OF ATMOSPHERIC STABILITY, NITROGEN OXIDE AND CARBON MONOX...IAEME Publication
Modeling the effect of atmospheric stability, Nitrogen oxide and carbon monoxide on ozone formation is presented. The observation of NO2, CO, Ozone and meteorological parameters were carried out in 5 predefined locations in Ogba/Egbema/Ndoni Local Government area in Nigeria. A model which was dependent CO, NO and solar radiation was developed and it attained a correlation coefficient of 0.6. Sensitivity analysis was carried out of the independent variables of the developed model and NO2 showed no significance to the formation of Ozone and a 0.5% coefficient of correlation in the direct relationship to Ozone formation.
ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT VS EFFECTS OF AIR POLLUTION ON HUMAN HEALTH; A CASE STUD...koketso Kanekane
This document discusses the relationship between economic development and air pollution in Botswana. It outlines various sources of air pollution in the country, including industries, fossil fuel combustion, vehicles, and agriculture. In particular, mining operations like the BCL Mine in Selebi Phikwe are highlighted as major polluters. While economic growth is needed, unchecked industrialization has caused air quality problems and negative health effects. The document argues that environmental protection and economic development must be balanced to ensure sustainable development and a clean environment for the future. The study aims to evaluate air pollution impacts, provide policy recommendations, and help Botswana implement international agreements to mitigate pollution.
This document discusses a study that estimated emissions of nitrogen oxides, carbon dioxide, sulfur dioxide, and volatile organic compounds from solid waste burning in Ogbomoso, Nigeria. Samples of solid waste were collected from 20 dump sites and characterized. The amount of solid waste generated per person was estimated from 2002 to 2011 based on population data. Emission rates of the pollutants were then calculated using an emission factor approach, showing an increasing trend over that period. Control of these emissions is important due to their environmental impacts.
Air pollution is introduced into the atmosphere by natural and human causes, causing harm to human health, other organisms, and the environment. Major causes of air pollution include burning fossil fuels for energy and transportation, agricultural activities that release ammonia, exhaust from factories and industries, and indoor air pollution from household chemicals. Effects of air pollution include respiratory diseases in humans, damage to wildlife habitats and populations, and depletion of the ozone layer which protects the Earth from UV rays. Case studies of Kolkata and Delhi found high levels of air pollutants like particulate matter and nitrogen dioxide, especially in winter. Air pollution in Delhi has been linked to increased mortality and morbidity. Both cities still have high air pollution despite some control measures.
Air pollution and climate change, DelhiSachin Kumar
Relationship between the Air pollution and Climate change and what are various policies adopted by the GoI and Delhi government to tackle the improve the air quality or mitigate the air pollution in our Capital.
Corrected lina momo iliyan air pollution 10 4MrJewett
Air pollution is defined as gases, dust, smells, and fumes in harmful amounts that are released into the air. Major causes include factories, increased population, and burning fossil fuels. Examples are acid rain, smog, and the greenhouse effect. Effects are damage to health, environment, and visibility. Solutions proposed include tighter emissions standards, cleaner fuels, and increased public transportation to address traffic as a significant source of pollution especially in cities like Mexico City.
Air pollution is a major public health issue in India, especially in Delhi which has the dirtiest air of any city worldwide according to WHO. Chronic exposure to air pollution significantly increases health risks and diseases like asthma and COPD. While people spend most of their time indoors, indoor air can be 3-5 times more polluted than outdoor air. New technologies like PHIO+ and CPT can effectively purify indoor air and improve health by generating oxidizing ions and plasma to eliminate pollutants, microbes, and odors while also saving energy. These technologies can help maintain healthy indoor air quality in homes and buildings.
Ernő Garamvölgyi
Bay Zoltán Nonprofit Ltd.
garamvolgyi.erno@bayzoltan.hu
Project Partners:
- ENCO s.r.l. (IT)
- Bay Zoltán Nonprofit Ltd. (HU)
- University of Patras (GR)
- University of Ljubljana (SI)
- University of Aveiro (PT)
- University of Birmingham (UK)
- Geological Survey of Slovenia (SI)
- Geological Survey of Finland (FI)
- Geological Survey of Norway (NO)
- Geological Survey of Ireland (IE)
- Geological Survey of Italy (IT)
the presentation is all about Delhi air pollution
it include:
1. history of pollution
2. causes
3. some of the numerical example to show pollution situation initiative taken by the government to control the measures
The document analyzes heavy metal pollution in street dust samples collected from different functional areas in Beijing, China. It finds that heavy metal concentrations were higher in the street dusts than background soil levels. The Tourism Area had the highest concentrations of several heavy metals compared to other areas. A health risk assessment found that both non-carcinogenic and carcinogenic risks from exposure to heavy metals in street dusts were generally low, except for higher carcinogenic risk from chromium exposure for children.
Latest steps taken to control air pollution Prem Baboo
There has been a "seven-fold increase" in Delhi's air pollution level since October 2015,
a Center for Science and Environment (CSE) expert said today even as real-time
exposure readings of nearly all monitoring stations put PM 2.5 and PM 10 figures above
the 'severe' threshold. Growing population of the city.
ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT FOR ANDHERI (E)- DAHISAR (E) CORRIDOR OF MUMB...Mayur Rahangdale
The document provides an environmental impact assessment for the proposed Andheri (E)- Dahisar (E) corridor of the Mumbai Metro. Key details include:
- The 16.475km elevated metro line will have 14 stations and be fully elevated along the Western Express Highway.
- Baseline environmental data was collected on land, water, climate, air quality, noise levels, ecology and biodiversity, and socio-economic factors.
- During construction, impacts like increased dust and noise, traffic diversions, and tree removal will be mitigated. Operational impacts like noise and waste generation at stations will also be addressed.
- Overall, the metro is expected to provide environmental benefits from reduced
The document discusses air pollution in Kolkata, India. It finds that approximately 70% of Kolkata's population suffers from respiratory issues due to air pollution. Motor vehicles are the largest contributor to air pollution in Kolkata at 51.4%, followed by industry at 24.5% and dust at 21.1%. To reduce pollution, Kolkata has encouraged practices like carpooling, preserving green spaces, and empowering waste workers.
This document provides an overview of industrial air pollution in India and West Bengal. It discusses the major polluting industries, causes of industrial air pollution like outdated technology and lack of pollution controls, and effects like global warming. Air quality in West Bengal does not meet standards. The document then describes the bag filter system used to control industrial air pollution by filtering dust from exhaust air through fabric bags. Bag filters are widely used by industries like steel, mining and cement. Proper bag selection and maintenance are required to ensure effective filtration.
The document discusses initiatives to address climate change and promote sustainable development. It notes that while awareness of issues like global warming and greenhouse gas emissions has increased globally since the 1970s, energy consumption and CO2 emissions continue to rise. It outlines several international agreements and actions by countries/groups to limit emissions, but notes that public awareness remains limited and economic concerns often take priority. As a case study, it then details India's various national policies and sector-specific initiatives to balance development and environmental protection, including in the oil refining industry.
The Major Environmental Problems Related to Pollutionijtsrd
Pollution, also called environmental pollution, is the addition of any substance solid, liquid, or gas or any form of energy such as heat, sound, or radioactivity into the environment at a rapid rate of diffusion, dilution, decomposed, recycled, or stored in a harmless form. Pollution can take many forms the air we breathe, the water we drink, the soil we use to grow our food, the sparkling skies and even the noises we hear every day. , they can all contribute to health problems and may lead to low quality of life. Environmental pollution is one of the most serious global challenges. Wild type organisms have a slow degradation rate of hazardous substances. Currently, advanced molecular biology tools along with conventional approaches allow us to rapidly degrade or deposit hazardous materials from the atmosphere. In a developing country like India, the use of environmental standards as a decision making criterion should be properly evaluated. If the norms of developed countries apply in India, the cost would be much higher. Thus, the selected parameters should be suited to the economic condition of the country. Pseudomonas fluorescens and Haemophiluspa that were found in petrochemical waste disposal sites contaminated with phenanthrene, anthracene, fluorine, pyrene, and asenaphthene showed a 70 -100 drop in PAHs over 40 days. Dr. Renu Durgapal "The Major Environmental Problems Related to Pollution" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-5 | Issue-6 , October 2021, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd47696.pdf Paper URL : https://www.ijtsrd.com/biological-science/zoology/47696/the-major-environmental-problems-related-to-pollution/dr-renu-durgapal
This document discusses air pollution in Uttar Pradesh, India, with a focus on Lucknow. Some key points:
- Lucknow is the 9th most polluted city in the world based on PM2.5 levels, and 4 cities in Uttar Pradesh are among the 10 most polluted in India.
- Major sources of air pollution in Lucknow are vehicles (87%), road dust (2%), garbage and agricultural burning (4%).
- Air pollution is a leading cause of death in India, with Uttar Pradesh having the most deaths attributed to air pollution in 2017 at 260,028.
- The Indian government launched a National Clean Air Programme to reduce PM 2.5
Mineral Carbon Sequestration by Alkaline Waste and Its Use in LandfillIJERA Editor
The Municipal Corporation of Delhi (MCD) is among the largest municipal bodies in the world. It provides its civic services about 18 million people (estimated population of Delhi). Environmental impacts of municipal solid waste (MSW) management like emissions of greenhouse gases (GHGs) have been greatly reduced by Technological advancements, environmental regulations, and emphasis on resource conservation and recovery. The aim of this work was to quantify the volume of CO2 emitted from MSW Landfill and sequester it with a view to reduce greenhouse gas emissions. The alkaline waste like construction and demolition (C&D) waste or Hospital Incineration (HI) waste has ability to capture carbon dioxide. The theoretical carbon dioxide sequestration potential of C&D waste and HI ash is 32.55% and 28.57% respectively through various models like Default methodology and Land GEM model.
This document discusses air pollution issues in Delhi and actions taken to improve air quality. It notes that in the late 1990s, health concerns prompted first generation actions like switching to compressed natural gas for public transport. This led to major reductions in emissions. However, rapid growth in vehicles has caused pollution levels to rise again. More analysis is needed on population exposure levels and health impacts. Second generation actions must address both legacy pollution sources and curb explosive motorization growth through stringent emission standards and alternative fuels.
Carbon monoxide Content of Exhaust Emissions from Agricultural Tractor Engine...IJAEMSJORNAL
This study aims at contributing to the information buildup required for advocating the need for urgent reduction of environmental pollution by exhaust emissions from fossil fuel powered Engines in Nigeria. It was, concluded from the results obtained from the study that carbon monoxide content of the exhaust emissions of agricultural tractors are approximately forty nine(49) times higher than the recommended maximum level of 0.5 % vol CO (v/v) by the US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). FIAT 70-666 contributed the largest content of 2.9 % vol of CO (v/v) while MASSEY FERGUSSON MF 375 contributed the least amount of 1.7 % vol of CO(v/v). Only the engine capacity had significant effect on the carbon monoxide content of the exhaust emissions of the agricultural tractors; the model/make selection did not significantly affect the CO content of their exhaust emissions.
Remediation of contaminated soil using soil washing-a reviewIJERA Editor
Pb, Zn, Ni, Cu, Mn and Cd are heavy metals occur naturally as trace elements in many soils. The present paper
reviews the remediation of heavy metals of contaminated soil by soil washing using different agents. It was
noted that the contact time, pH, concentration of extract ant and agitation speed were affected the process while
remediation, so accordingly select the conditions to obtain efficiency which is mainly depend upon the type of
soil, contaminationtype, contamination period and metals present in it.EDTA is effective when compared with
other chelating agents for heavy metals especially for lead but it has low biodegradation. Because of the nature
of low biodegradability, EDTA can be reusedfurther by membrane separation and electrochemical treatment, or
degraded by advanced oxidation processes.
Monitoring of Particulate Matter and Gaseous Pollutant in Aurangabad CityIOSRJMCE
Concentration of gaseous pollutant and particulate matter are the major cause of respiratory disease and deaths. The dust pollution is serious matter almost in all cities of Maharashtra. This paper deals with the results of ambient monitoring of Aurangabad city for particulate matter, sulphur dioxide and nitrogen dioxide. The sulphur dioxide concentration is measured by Modified West and Geake Method whereas nitrogen dioxide is measured by Modified Jacob and Hochheiser method. The results shows a very high concentration of particulate matter, however sulphur dioxide and nitrogen dioxide were within the permissible limits.
This document discusses the seven main classes of food: carbohydrates, proteins, fats, vitamins, minerals, fiber, and water. Carbohydrates like sugars and starches provide energy, proteins aid growth and repair, and fats are efficient energy sources and aid nutrient absorption. Vitamins and minerals regulate body processes and deficiencies can cause diseases. Food provides nutrients, energy, growth materials, and health maintenance for organisms.
Non-Invasive Methods for Biomonitoring Trace Element ExposureChris Harrington
Finger and toe nails don't seem very interesting at the best of times, but did you know they carry a record of your exposure to metals like lead and arsenic?
In this presentation I review how these materials can show if people are being exposed to trace metals and how they can be used to link exposure to possible early health effects.
The talk includes work from 3 PhD projects that I have been involved in and show how a project can develop from a humble beginning to cutting edge research.
This document discusses a study that estimated emissions of nitrogen oxides, carbon dioxide, sulfur dioxide, and volatile organic compounds from solid waste burning in Ogbomoso, Nigeria. Samples of solid waste were collected from 20 dump sites and characterized. The amount of solid waste generated per person was estimated from 2002 to 2011 based on population data. Emission rates of the pollutants were then calculated using an emission factor approach, showing an increasing trend over that period. Control of these emissions is important due to their environmental impacts.
Air pollution is introduced into the atmosphere by natural and human causes, causing harm to human health, other organisms, and the environment. Major causes of air pollution include burning fossil fuels for energy and transportation, agricultural activities that release ammonia, exhaust from factories and industries, and indoor air pollution from household chemicals. Effects of air pollution include respiratory diseases in humans, damage to wildlife habitats and populations, and depletion of the ozone layer which protects the Earth from UV rays. Case studies of Kolkata and Delhi found high levels of air pollutants like particulate matter and nitrogen dioxide, especially in winter. Air pollution in Delhi has been linked to increased mortality and morbidity. Both cities still have high air pollution despite some control measures.
Air pollution and climate change, DelhiSachin Kumar
Relationship between the Air pollution and Climate change and what are various policies adopted by the GoI and Delhi government to tackle the improve the air quality or mitigate the air pollution in our Capital.
Corrected lina momo iliyan air pollution 10 4MrJewett
Air pollution is defined as gases, dust, smells, and fumes in harmful amounts that are released into the air. Major causes include factories, increased population, and burning fossil fuels. Examples are acid rain, smog, and the greenhouse effect. Effects are damage to health, environment, and visibility. Solutions proposed include tighter emissions standards, cleaner fuels, and increased public transportation to address traffic as a significant source of pollution especially in cities like Mexico City.
Air pollution is a major public health issue in India, especially in Delhi which has the dirtiest air of any city worldwide according to WHO. Chronic exposure to air pollution significantly increases health risks and diseases like asthma and COPD. While people spend most of their time indoors, indoor air can be 3-5 times more polluted than outdoor air. New technologies like PHIO+ and CPT can effectively purify indoor air and improve health by generating oxidizing ions and plasma to eliminate pollutants, microbes, and odors while also saving energy. These technologies can help maintain healthy indoor air quality in homes and buildings.
Ernő Garamvölgyi
Bay Zoltán Nonprofit Ltd.
garamvolgyi.erno@bayzoltan.hu
Project Partners:
- ENCO s.r.l. (IT)
- Bay Zoltán Nonprofit Ltd. (HU)
- University of Patras (GR)
- University of Ljubljana (SI)
- University of Aveiro (PT)
- University of Birmingham (UK)
- Geological Survey of Slovenia (SI)
- Geological Survey of Finland (FI)
- Geological Survey of Norway (NO)
- Geological Survey of Ireland (IE)
- Geological Survey of Italy (IT)
the presentation is all about Delhi air pollution
it include:
1. history of pollution
2. causes
3. some of the numerical example to show pollution situation initiative taken by the government to control the measures
The document analyzes heavy metal pollution in street dust samples collected from different functional areas in Beijing, China. It finds that heavy metal concentrations were higher in the street dusts than background soil levels. The Tourism Area had the highest concentrations of several heavy metals compared to other areas. A health risk assessment found that both non-carcinogenic and carcinogenic risks from exposure to heavy metals in street dusts were generally low, except for higher carcinogenic risk from chromium exposure for children.
Latest steps taken to control air pollution Prem Baboo
There has been a "seven-fold increase" in Delhi's air pollution level since October 2015,
a Center for Science and Environment (CSE) expert said today even as real-time
exposure readings of nearly all monitoring stations put PM 2.5 and PM 10 figures above
the 'severe' threshold. Growing population of the city.
ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT FOR ANDHERI (E)- DAHISAR (E) CORRIDOR OF MUMB...Mayur Rahangdale
The document provides an environmental impact assessment for the proposed Andheri (E)- Dahisar (E) corridor of the Mumbai Metro. Key details include:
- The 16.475km elevated metro line will have 14 stations and be fully elevated along the Western Express Highway.
- Baseline environmental data was collected on land, water, climate, air quality, noise levels, ecology and biodiversity, and socio-economic factors.
- During construction, impacts like increased dust and noise, traffic diversions, and tree removal will be mitigated. Operational impacts like noise and waste generation at stations will also be addressed.
- Overall, the metro is expected to provide environmental benefits from reduced
The document discusses air pollution in Kolkata, India. It finds that approximately 70% of Kolkata's population suffers from respiratory issues due to air pollution. Motor vehicles are the largest contributor to air pollution in Kolkata at 51.4%, followed by industry at 24.5% and dust at 21.1%. To reduce pollution, Kolkata has encouraged practices like carpooling, preserving green spaces, and empowering waste workers.
This document provides an overview of industrial air pollution in India and West Bengal. It discusses the major polluting industries, causes of industrial air pollution like outdated technology and lack of pollution controls, and effects like global warming. Air quality in West Bengal does not meet standards. The document then describes the bag filter system used to control industrial air pollution by filtering dust from exhaust air through fabric bags. Bag filters are widely used by industries like steel, mining and cement. Proper bag selection and maintenance are required to ensure effective filtration.
The document discusses initiatives to address climate change and promote sustainable development. It notes that while awareness of issues like global warming and greenhouse gas emissions has increased globally since the 1970s, energy consumption and CO2 emissions continue to rise. It outlines several international agreements and actions by countries/groups to limit emissions, but notes that public awareness remains limited and economic concerns often take priority. As a case study, it then details India's various national policies and sector-specific initiatives to balance development and environmental protection, including in the oil refining industry.
The Major Environmental Problems Related to Pollutionijtsrd
Pollution, also called environmental pollution, is the addition of any substance solid, liquid, or gas or any form of energy such as heat, sound, or radioactivity into the environment at a rapid rate of diffusion, dilution, decomposed, recycled, or stored in a harmless form. Pollution can take many forms the air we breathe, the water we drink, the soil we use to grow our food, the sparkling skies and even the noises we hear every day. , they can all contribute to health problems and may lead to low quality of life. Environmental pollution is one of the most serious global challenges. Wild type organisms have a slow degradation rate of hazardous substances. Currently, advanced molecular biology tools along with conventional approaches allow us to rapidly degrade or deposit hazardous materials from the atmosphere. In a developing country like India, the use of environmental standards as a decision making criterion should be properly evaluated. If the norms of developed countries apply in India, the cost would be much higher. Thus, the selected parameters should be suited to the economic condition of the country. Pseudomonas fluorescens and Haemophiluspa that were found in petrochemical waste disposal sites contaminated with phenanthrene, anthracene, fluorine, pyrene, and asenaphthene showed a 70 -100 drop in PAHs over 40 days. Dr. Renu Durgapal "The Major Environmental Problems Related to Pollution" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-5 | Issue-6 , October 2021, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd47696.pdf Paper URL : https://www.ijtsrd.com/biological-science/zoology/47696/the-major-environmental-problems-related-to-pollution/dr-renu-durgapal
This document discusses air pollution in Uttar Pradesh, India, with a focus on Lucknow. Some key points:
- Lucknow is the 9th most polluted city in the world based on PM2.5 levels, and 4 cities in Uttar Pradesh are among the 10 most polluted in India.
- Major sources of air pollution in Lucknow are vehicles (87%), road dust (2%), garbage and agricultural burning (4%).
- Air pollution is a leading cause of death in India, with Uttar Pradesh having the most deaths attributed to air pollution in 2017 at 260,028.
- The Indian government launched a National Clean Air Programme to reduce PM 2.5
Mineral Carbon Sequestration by Alkaline Waste and Its Use in LandfillIJERA Editor
The Municipal Corporation of Delhi (MCD) is among the largest municipal bodies in the world. It provides its civic services about 18 million people (estimated population of Delhi). Environmental impacts of municipal solid waste (MSW) management like emissions of greenhouse gases (GHGs) have been greatly reduced by Technological advancements, environmental regulations, and emphasis on resource conservation and recovery. The aim of this work was to quantify the volume of CO2 emitted from MSW Landfill and sequester it with a view to reduce greenhouse gas emissions. The alkaline waste like construction and demolition (C&D) waste or Hospital Incineration (HI) waste has ability to capture carbon dioxide. The theoretical carbon dioxide sequestration potential of C&D waste and HI ash is 32.55% and 28.57% respectively through various models like Default methodology and Land GEM model.
This document discusses air pollution issues in Delhi and actions taken to improve air quality. It notes that in the late 1990s, health concerns prompted first generation actions like switching to compressed natural gas for public transport. This led to major reductions in emissions. However, rapid growth in vehicles has caused pollution levels to rise again. More analysis is needed on population exposure levels and health impacts. Second generation actions must address both legacy pollution sources and curb explosive motorization growth through stringent emission standards and alternative fuels.
Carbon monoxide Content of Exhaust Emissions from Agricultural Tractor Engine...IJAEMSJORNAL
This study aims at contributing to the information buildup required for advocating the need for urgent reduction of environmental pollution by exhaust emissions from fossil fuel powered Engines in Nigeria. It was, concluded from the results obtained from the study that carbon monoxide content of the exhaust emissions of agricultural tractors are approximately forty nine(49) times higher than the recommended maximum level of 0.5 % vol CO (v/v) by the US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). FIAT 70-666 contributed the largest content of 2.9 % vol of CO (v/v) while MASSEY FERGUSSON MF 375 contributed the least amount of 1.7 % vol of CO(v/v). Only the engine capacity had significant effect on the carbon monoxide content of the exhaust emissions of the agricultural tractors; the model/make selection did not significantly affect the CO content of their exhaust emissions.
Remediation of contaminated soil using soil washing-a reviewIJERA Editor
Pb, Zn, Ni, Cu, Mn and Cd are heavy metals occur naturally as trace elements in many soils. The present paper
reviews the remediation of heavy metals of contaminated soil by soil washing using different agents. It was
noted that the contact time, pH, concentration of extract ant and agitation speed were affected the process while
remediation, so accordingly select the conditions to obtain efficiency which is mainly depend upon the type of
soil, contaminationtype, contamination period and metals present in it.EDTA is effective when compared with
other chelating agents for heavy metals especially for lead but it has low biodegradation. Because of the nature
of low biodegradability, EDTA can be reusedfurther by membrane separation and electrochemical treatment, or
degraded by advanced oxidation processes.
Monitoring of Particulate Matter and Gaseous Pollutant in Aurangabad CityIOSRJMCE
Concentration of gaseous pollutant and particulate matter are the major cause of respiratory disease and deaths. The dust pollution is serious matter almost in all cities of Maharashtra. This paper deals with the results of ambient monitoring of Aurangabad city for particulate matter, sulphur dioxide and nitrogen dioxide. The sulphur dioxide concentration is measured by Modified West and Geake Method whereas nitrogen dioxide is measured by Modified Jacob and Hochheiser method. The results shows a very high concentration of particulate matter, however sulphur dioxide and nitrogen dioxide were within the permissible limits.
This document discusses the seven main classes of food: carbohydrates, proteins, fats, vitamins, minerals, fiber, and water. Carbohydrates like sugars and starches provide energy, proteins aid growth and repair, and fats are efficient energy sources and aid nutrient absorption. Vitamins and minerals regulate body processes and deficiencies can cause diseases. Food provides nutrients, energy, growth materials, and health maintenance for organisms.
Non-Invasive Methods for Biomonitoring Trace Element ExposureChris Harrington
Finger and toe nails don't seem very interesting at the best of times, but did you know they carry a record of your exposure to metals like lead and arsenic?
In this presentation I review how these materials can show if people are being exposed to trace metals and how they can be used to link exposure to possible early health effects.
The talk includes work from 3 PhD projects that I have been involved in and show how a project can develop from a humble beginning to cutting edge research.
How to Build a Dynamic Social Media PlanPost Planner
Stop guessing and wasting your time on networks and strategies that don’t work!
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Learn BEM fundamentals as fast as possible. What is BEM (Block, element, modifier), BEM syntax, how it works with a real example, etc.
The document discusses how personalization and dynamic content are becoming increasingly important on websites. It notes that 52% of marketers see content personalization as critical and 75% of consumers like it when brands personalize their content. However, personalization can create issues for search engine optimization as dynamic URLs and content are more difficult for search engines to index than static pages. The document provides tips for SEOs to help address these personalization and SEO challenges, such as using static URLs when possible and submitting accurate sitemaps.
Lightning Talk #9: How UX and Data Storytelling Can Shape Policy by Mika Aldabaux singapore
How can we take UX and Data Storytelling out of the tech context and use them to change the way government behaves?
Showcasing the truth is the highest goal of data storytelling. Because the design of a chart can affect the interpretation of data in a major way, one must wield visual tools with care and deliberation. Using quantitative facts to evoke an emotional response is best achieved with the combination of UX and data storytelling.
This document summarizes a study of CEO succession events among the largest 100 U.S. corporations between 2005-2015. The study analyzed executives who were passed over for the CEO role ("succession losers") and their subsequent careers. It found that 74% of passed over executives left their companies, with 30% eventually becoming CEOs elsewhere. However, companies led by succession losers saw average stock price declines of 13% over 3 years, compared to gains for companies whose CEO selections remained unchanged. The findings suggest that boards generally identify the most qualified CEO candidates, though differences between internal and external hires complicate comparisons.
Quantification of Heavy Metals using Contamination and Pollution Index in Sel...IJEAB
Many sites in urban cities are used for dumping of domestic, industrial and municipal wastes because of high human population density in the area. Most often, people use these dumpsites for growing of crops without knowing the level of heavy metal contamination in soils of these areas. This study evaluated the quantification and contamination level of heavy metals in some refuse dumpsites in communities of the State Nigeria. Three replicate soil samples were collected from the dumpsites and at 20 m away from the non - dumpsite which do not receive sewage water within the root zone of 0 – 40 cm depth using soil auger sampler. Samples were analysed for soil properties and heavy metal concentrations using standard methods. The concentrations of the studied heavy metals (Cu, Pb, Zn and Cd) were compared with the permissible limits of other countries. Results showed that in the three studied locations, soil pH at dumpsites were 40 .6%, 39.4% and 38.9% higher than the values in the control sites while soil organic carbon were higher in the dumpsites by 50.1%, 31.3% and 41.1% as compared to the control sites. Cu concentrations at the three locations were below the standard limits of United Kingdom, European Union (EU), USA and WHO. The concentrations of the studied heavy metals passed the contamination stage and therefore will pose negative effect on plant and soil environment. Use of the dumpsite for crop cultivation or as compost materials should be avoided and construction of shallow wells near these areas should be discouraged.
The document analyzes soil and vegetation samples collected from busy motor parks in Delta State, Nigeria to investigate the potential environmental impact. Physicochemical analysis found soil pH ranged from slightly acidic to alkaline. Electrical conductivity values indicated high levels of soluble salts. Total organic carbon and nitrogen could be attributed to biodegradable materials. Heavy metal analysis found mean concentrations of iron, lead, copper, zinc and chromium in soil samples, with iron having the highest abundance. Heavy metal levels in vegetation samples ranged lower than in soils. Soil-plant transfer coefficients indicated medium metal accumulation, while contamination indices showed very slight contamination. Overall, heavy metal levels were relatively higher than control sites, showing evidence of enrichment that could accumulate over time.
The document analyzes soil and vegetation samples collected from busy motor parks in Delta State, Nigeria to investigate the potential environmental impact. Physicochemical analysis found soil pH ranged from slightly acidic to alkaline. Electrical conductivity values indicated high levels of soluble salts. Total organic carbon and nitrogen could be attributed to biodegradable materials. Heavy metal analysis found mean concentrations of iron, lead, copper, zinc and chromium in soil samples, with iron having the highest abundance. Heavy metal levels in vegetation samples ranged lower than in soils. Soil-plant transfer coefficients indicated medium metal accumulation, while contamination indices showed very slight pollution overall. Metal levels in study sites were higher than control sites, showing evidence of heavy metal enrichment from motor park activities.
Agricultural by-Products/Waste as Dye and Metal Ions Adsorbents: A Reviewresearchinventy
This document reviews the use of agricultural by-products and waste as adsorbents for removing dye and metal ions from water. It discusses various agricultural by-products that are generated in large quantities worldwide including rice husk, coffee grounds, spent tea leaves, date palm leaves, tomato waste, orange peels, oak leaves, walnut shells, olive cake, and others. These wastes present environmental and economic problems if not properly disposed of or utilized. The document examines case studies where these agricultural wastes have been used effectively as low-cost adsorbents for removing synthetic dyes and heavy metals from aqueous solutions.
The International Journal of Engineering and Science (The IJES)theijes
The International Journal of Engineering & Science is aimed at providing a platform for researchers, engineers, scientists, or educators to publish their original research results, to exchange new ideas, to disseminate information in innovative designs, engineering experiences and technological skills. It is also the Journal's objective to promote engineering and technology education. All papers submitted to the Journal will be blind peer-reviewed. Only original articles will be published.
Acid rain has become an important environmental problem in China since the late 1970s due to rapid industrialization and economic growth. Coal combustion for energy production, which accounts for 69% of China's energy, has led to significant emissions of sulfur and subsequent widespread acid rain deposition in southern and southwestern China. Some deposition levels in these areas are comparable to or higher than levels observed in Europe in the 1980s. Nitrogen is also deposited from sources including agriculture, vehicles, and power plants. Little is known about the effects of this acid deposition on China's ecosystems, but forest damage has been observed near heavily polluted cities. Long-term monitoring is needed to better understand deposition trends and environmental impacts.
IOSR Journal of Applied Chemistry (IOSR-JAC) is an open access international journal that provides rapid publication (within a month) of articles in all areas of applied chemistry and its applications. The journal welcomes publications of high quality papers on theoretical developments and practical applications in Chemical Science. Original research papers, state-of-the-art reviews, and high quality technical notes are invited for publications.
Heavy metal-contamination-in-solid-aerosols-and-top-soils-of-faisalabad-envio...Ijcem Journal
This document summarizes a study analyzing heavy metal contamination in solid aerosols and top soils in Faisalabad, Pakistan. Atomic absorption spectrometry was used to analyze samples of solid aerosols and soils from 50 sites for levels of cadmium, copper, zinc and lead. The study found elevated levels of cadmium and lead in solid aerosols, and all four metals in soils, with concentrations highest in industrial and commercial areas. Statistical analysis showed significant variability between sites. The authors conclude that various industries are contributing heavy metals to the local environment and negatively impacting human health.
Air Pollution and its remedies through Bio-dieselIRJET Journal
This document discusses air pollution and bio-diesel as a potential remedy. It provides background on fossil fuels and how their increased use since the industrial revolution has led to higher air pollution levels. Various air pollutants from burning fossil fuels like carbon monoxide and carbon dioxide are discussed. The effects of air pollution on health and the environment are summarized. The document then introduces bio-diesel as an alternative fuel that can be produced from vegetable oils or animal fats through a process called transesterification. It provides details on bio-diesel production and suggests it as a cleaner burning replacement for petroleum diesel that could help reduce air pollution.
Characterizing Automobile Industrial Wastewater and its Impacts on Surroundin...Dr. Amarjeet Singh
The wastewater from industries varies so greatly in both flow and pollution strength. So, it is impossible to assign fixed values to their constituents. It is necessary to pretreat the wastes prior to release to the municipal system since lack of adequate treatment of the effluent can cause deterioration of the ecosystem, die off and contamination of the aquatic environment. These adverse effects necessitated the study of wastewater effect on surface water body at Emene Industrial Layout, Enugu State, Nigeria. Wastewater samples were collected, analyzed and compared with the plot of treatment means. The results obtained from the study were compared with WHO and NIS 554 water standards. The wastewater analysis suggested that contaminant at the untreated stage was very high. The results of the treated and river sample were within the WHO and NIS 554 allowable water ranges. Samples at discharge point recorded increased values which suggest high re-contamination along the open channel (from non-point sources) before discharge. This calls for proper monitoring and treatment of the industrial effluent prior to ground water recharge or discharge to surface water.
Characterization of Leachate Contaminants from Waste Dumpsites in Maiduguri, ...AZOJETE UNIMAID
This document characterizes leachate contaminants from four uncontrolled waste dumps in Maiduguri, Nigeria. Samples were collected and analyzed for pH, conductivity, dissolved solids, oxygen, biochemical oxygen demand, chlorine, sulfate, calcium, metals and other parameters. Analysis found pH ranged from 8.19-11.32 and total dissolved solids from 208-7460mg/l, indicating contamination of groundwater below dumps. Iron concentrations were highest, followed by lead, zinc, chromium, manganese and copper, attributed to materials like metals, lamps, appliances and preservatives in waste. To prevent health hazards from groundwater contamination, the study recommends Borno State implement proper waste management practices like engineered landfill
Trace Metal Analysis in Soil and Plant Samples of Tirupati Region, Andhra Pra...inventionjournals
Rapid economic and industrial development across Tirupati region in recent decades has necessitated massive construction and building works and resulted in the contamination of environmental compartments. In addition to the disposal of untreated domestic wastes from the nearby villages industrial activities are also increasing in this region. In the present context there is a dire need to know the level of environmental contaminants in the environmental compartments such as soil and plants. The present study investigated the concentrations of trace metals in soil and plants around Tirupati region. Our results indicate that the sites are moderately polluted and potential negative biological effects may occur in the vicinity.
The International Journal of Engineering and Science (The IJES)theijes
The International Journal of Engineering & Science is aimed at providing a platform for researchers, engineers, scientists, or educators to publish their original research results, to exchange new ideas, to disseminate information in innovative designs, engineering experiences and technological skills. It is also the Journal's objective to promote engineering and technology education. All papers submitted to the Journal will be blind peer-reviewed. Only original articles will be published.
The papers for publication in The International Journal of Engineering& Science are selected through rigorous peer reviews to ensure originality, timeliness, relevance, and readability
The Impacts of Cement Dust Deposits on Soil Available MicronutrientsEditor IJCATR
The impact of cement dust deposits on soils micronutrient around Ashaka cement factory, Nigeria was evaluated by
determining available micronutrient elements in 68 soil samples and some crop plant stalks using acid extraction and atomic absorption
spectrophotometric methods. Soil samples collected in a radius of 6Km from a 0 – 30cm depth and analysed indicated mean
concentrations of 215.30gKg-1 Fe, 7.96 gKg-1 Zn, 0.33 gKg-1 Cu, 80.79 gKg-1 Mn, 2.05 gKg-1 Ni, and 26.91 gKg-1 Co. The concentration
of each element in the soil varies in a decreasing order with increasing distance away from the cement factory and generally occurring
above background levels (Zn, Mn, Ni). The metals in the crop plants were higher than normal levels with sorghum concentrating more
metals than millet, suggesting a reflection of the soil metal concentrations and this might be due to the presence of available mobile
elements and the slightly acidic nature of the soil outside the factory
Journal of Environmental & Earth Sciences is a peer-reviewed, open-access academic journal specializing in the research of environmental geoscience. The journal is dedicated to promoting the latest discoveries in the field of environmental & earth sciences.
The scope of the Journal of Environmental & Earth Sciences includes, but is not limited to:
Geological and hydrogeological resources
Geomorphology
Edaphology
Geochemical, geological, geophysical principles
Environmental problems
Effect of Marble Slurry on Environment and Highway UsersIRJET Journal
1. The document discusses the environmental impacts of marble slurry waste from the marble industry. Marble cutting and processing produces large amounts of slurry containing marble dust and fragments mixed with water.
2. Marble slurry waste causes several problems when dumped on land or roads. The dust particles pollute the air and land. When the water evaporates, the solid waste remains and prevents water drainage. It also increases soil alkalinity and disrupts plant growth.
3. Tests were conducted on soil mixed with varying amounts of marble dust to evaluate engineering properties. The results showed that adding 25-30% marble dust can reduce swelling in clayey soils and lower the liquid limit and plasticity index, making
Heavy Metal Levels in Roadside Soils of some Major Roads in Maiduguri, NigeriaIOSR Journals
This document analyzes heavy metal levels in roadside soils from four major roads in Maiduguri, Nigeria. Samples were tested for copper, lead, manganese, and zinc using ICP-OES. Results showed manganese levels highest, followed by zinc, copper, and lead (only detected in one road). Concentrations decreased with distance from roads, likely due to vehicle traffic. Accumulation of heavy metals in soils and plants could enter the food chain. The study provides baseline data on heavy metal contamination in roadside soils for future research.
Monitoring of Selected Heavy Metals Uptake by Plant around Fagbohun Dumpsite,...iosrjce
IOSR Journal of Environmental Science, Toxicology and Food Technology (IOSR-JESTFT) multidisciplinary peer-reviewed Journal with reputable academics and experts as board member. IOSR-JESTFT is designed for the prompt publication of peer-reviewed articles in all areas of subject. The journal articles will be accessed freely online
Environmental Security Of The Mongolian EconomyKimberly Brooks
The document discusses environmental security issues related to mining in Mongolia. Weak policies from the Mongolian government to protect the environment and natural resources have led to threats to Mongolia's environmental security. The most serious issues are weak mining and water management policies. In the absence of proper oversight and regulations, numerous lakes, rivers and streams have dried up, resulting in severe water scarcity and pollution. Mongolia's mining sector is considered one of the main contributors to environmental destruction unless it is correctly managed and controlled through stronger policies.
Building Your Employer Brand with Social MediaLuanWise
Presented at The Global HR Summit, 6th June 2024
In this keynote, Luan Wise will provide invaluable insights to elevate your employer brand on social media platforms including LinkedIn, Facebook, Instagram, X (formerly Twitter) and TikTok. You'll learn how compelling content can authentically showcase your company culture, values, and employee experiences to support your talent acquisition and retention objectives. Additionally, you'll understand the power of employee advocacy to amplify reach and engagement – helping to position your organization as an employer of choice in today's competitive talent landscape.
IMPACT Silver is a pure silver zinc producer with over $260 million in revenue since 2008 and a large 100% owned 210km Mexico land package - 2024 catalysts includes new 14% grade zinc Plomosas mine and 20,000m of fully funded exploration drilling.
buy old yahoo accounts buy yahoo accountsSusan Laney
As a business owner, I understand the importance of having a strong online presence and leveraging various digital platforms to reach and engage with your target audience. One often overlooked yet highly valuable asset in this regard is the humble Yahoo account. While many may perceive Yahoo as a relic of the past, the truth is that these accounts still hold immense potential for businesses of all sizes.
Top mailing list providers in the USA.pptxJeremyPeirce1
Discover the top mailing list providers in the USA, offering targeted lists, segmentation, and analytics to optimize your marketing campaigns and drive engagement.
Taurus Zodiac Sign: Unveiling the Traits, Dates, and Horoscope Insights of th...my Pandit
Dive into the steadfast world of the Taurus Zodiac Sign. Discover the grounded, stable, and logical nature of Taurus individuals, and explore their key personality traits, important dates, and horoscope insights. Learn how the determination and patience of the Taurus sign make them the rock-steady achievers and anchors of the zodiac.
Event Report - SAP Sapphire 2024 Orlando - lots of innovation and old challengesHolger Mueller
Holger Mueller of Constellation Research shares his key takeaways from SAP's Sapphire confernece, held in Orlando, June 3rd till 5th 2024, in the Orange Convention Center.
Tata Group Dials Taiwan for Its Chipmaking Ambition in Gujarat’s DholeraAvirahi City Dholera
The Tata Group, a titan of Indian industry, is making waves with its advanced talks with Taiwanese chipmakers Powerchip Semiconductor Manufacturing Corporation (PSMC) and UMC Group. The goal? Establishing a cutting-edge semiconductor fabrication unit (fab) in Dholera, Gujarat. This isn’t just any project; it’s a potential game changer for India’s chipmaking aspirations and a boon for investors seeking promising residential projects in dholera sir.
Visit : https://www.avirahi.com/blog/tata-group-dials-taiwan-for-its-chipmaking-ambition-in-gujarats-dholera/
The Evolution and Impact of OTT Platforms: A Deep Dive into the Future of Ent...ABHILASH DUTTA
This presentation provides a thorough examination of Over-the-Top (OTT) platforms, focusing on their development and substantial influence on the entertainment industry, with a particular emphasis on the Indian market.We begin with an introduction to OTT platforms, defining them as streaming services that deliver content directly over the internet, bypassing traditional broadcast channels. These platforms offer a variety of content, including movies, TV shows, and original productions, allowing users to access content on-demand across multiple devices.The historical context covers the early days of streaming, starting with Netflix's inception in 1997 as a DVD rental service and its transition to streaming in 2007. The presentation also highlights India's television journey, from the launch of Doordarshan in 1959 to the introduction of Direct-to-Home (DTH) satellite television in 2000, which expanded viewing choices and set the stage for the rise of OTT platforms like Big Flix, Ditto TV, Sony LIV, Hotstar, and Netflix. The business models of OTT platforms are explored in detail. Subscription Video on Demand (SVOD) models, exemplified by Netflix and Amazon Prime Video, offer unlimited content access for a monthly fee. Transactional Video on Demand (TVOD) models, like iTunes and Sky Box Office, allow users to pay for individual pieces of content. Advertising-Based Video on Demand (AVOD) models, such as YouTube and Facebook Watch, provide free content supported by advertisements. Hybrid models combine elements of SVOD and AVOD, offering flexibility to cater to diverse audience preferences.
Content acquisition strategies are also discussed, highlighting the dual approach of purchasing broadcasting rights for existing films and TV shows and investing in original content production. This section underscores the importance of a robust content library in attracting and retaining subscribers.The presentation addresses the challenges faced by OTT platforms, including the unpredictability of content acquisition and audience preferences. It emphasizes the difficulty of balancing content investment with returns in a competitive market, the high costs associated with marketing, and the need for continuous innovation and adaptation to stay relevant.
The impact of OTT platforms on the Bollywood film industry is significant. The competition for viewers has led to a decrease in cinema ticket sales, affecting the revenue of Bollywood films that traditionally rely on theatrical releases. Additionally, OTT platforms now pay less for film rights due to the uncertain success of films in cinemas.
Looking ahead, the future of OTT in India appears promising. The market is expected to grow by 20% annually, reaching a value of ₹1200 billion by the end of the decade. The increasing availability of affordable smartphones and internet access will drive this growth, making OTT platforms a primary source of entertainment for many viewers.
Part 2 Deep Dive: Navigating the 2024 Slowdownjeffkluth1
Introduction
The global retail industry has weathered numerous storms, with the financial crisis of 2008 serving as a poignant reminder of the sector's resilience and adaptability. However, as we navigate the complex landscape of 2024, retailers face a unique set of challenges that demand innovative strategies and a fundamental shift in mindset. This white paper contrasts the impact of the 2008 recession on the retail sector with the current headwinds retailers are grappling with, while offering a comprehensive roadmap for success in this new paradigm.
Industrial Tech SW: Category Renewal and CreationChristian Dahlen
Every industrial revolution has created a new set of categories and a new set of players.
Multiple new technologies have emerged, but Samsara and C3.ai are only two companies which have gone public so far.
Manufacturing startups constitute the largest pipeline share of unicorns and IPO candidates in the SF Bay Area, and software startups dominate in Germany.
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The 10 Most Influential Leaders Guiding Corporate Evolution, 2024.pdfthesiliconleaders
In the recent edition, The 10 Most Influential Leaders Guiding Corporate Evolution, 2024, The Silicon Leaders magazine gladly features Dejan Štancer, President of the Global Chamber of Business Leaders (GCBL), along with other leaders.
1. International Journal of Engineering Science Invention
ISSN (Online): 2319 – 6734, ISSN (Print): 2319 – 6726
www.ijesi.org Volume 2 Issue 5 ǁ May. 2013 ǁ PP.55-60
www.ijesi.org 55 | Page
Daily Exposure of Roadside Topsoil to Lead at Olaiya
Roundabout, Osogbo, Nigeria
*Olayiwola Olajumoke Abidemi.1
, Agbolade James Oludare.2
and Oladapo Abiodun Sinmiat3
1
Chemical Sciences Department, College of Natural and Applied Sciences,
Oduduwa University, Ipetumodu, Ile-Ife, Nigeria.
2
Department of Biological Sciences, College of Natural and Applied Sciences,
Oduduwa University, Ipetumodu, Ile-Ife, Nigeria.
3
Food Science and Technology Department, Osun State Polytechnic, Iree, Nigeria.
ABSTRACT: The daily concentration of lead in roadside topsoil at Olaiya roundabout in Osogbo, Nigeria
was investigated. Lead was found to be most significant on Monday around the old motor park and accounts for
25% of lead for the day. It was found to be most significant along government secretariat on tuesday and
wednesday with 28% and 29% contribution to daily lead exposure respectively. Lead was found to be most
significant along government house, Okefia, beside the market on thursday and friday with 27% and 22%
contribution to lead contamination respectively. Most significant lead concentration on saturday and sunday
was obtained beside the market. The highest lead level for the study was obtained on wednesday along
government secretariat. However, the level of lead in this study was low compared to other studies elsewhere.
Automobile exhausts emissions is likely to be the major source of lead in addition to waste deposition and
railway. Statistical analysis showed significant difference in the levels of lead with a positive correlation at p<
0.05. Lead is an important toxicant that can exert adverse effects in humans, given sufficient exposure and
accumulations in the body.
Keywords: Contamination, correlation, lead, roadside topsoil, vehicular exhausts,
I. INTRODUCTION
Lead is used as minor additives to gasoline and various auto-lubricants and is always released during
combustion. Other sources of lead in urban area include from tyres and engines, during abrasion and wears.
Heavy metal contamination of urban topsoil is usually derived anthropogenically from sources such as
emissions from car-exhausts, refuse dumpsite, waste incineration, agricultural inputs and from emissions from
industrial activities. Roadside in many cities have been studied for topsoil traffic-related metal pollution [1].
Lead compounds have been used in a wide variety of products such as paints, ceramic, pipes, solders, gasoline
batteries and cosmetics [2]. Despite years of intensive research, educational efforts and remedial measures, lead
continues to receive as much attention as any modern environmental health is concerned. Lead is an important
toxicant that can exert adverse effects in humans, given sufficient exposure and accumulations in the body.
Body systems known to be susceptible to adverse effects of high exposure include; neurological, reproductive,
renal and hermatological. Children are more sensitive than adults to the effects of lead and precaution should be
taken to limit childhood exposure and keep blood lead levels (BLL) below the recommended level. According to
USEPA [3], soil lead level of 1000 ppm correlates with a critical blood lead level of 7µgdL-1
in children. In
Nigeria, [4,5,6] have reported various forms of polluting activities (such as soil pollution from various
petroleum products) of heavy metals including lead which result in metal contamination of topsoil.
The aim of this study was to determine the day of the week when the contamination of lead in roadside topsoil
will be most significant around a popular roundabout in a typical Nigerian city.
II. METHODOLOGY
The study was carried out at Ola-Iya round-about in Osogbo, Nigeria. Topsoil samples at selected
points at the junction were used for the study. Eight topsoil samples were collected on a daily basis at eight
locations for seven days of the week [Monday (MOS), Tuesday (TUS), Wednesday (WES), Thursday (THS),
Friday (FRS), Saturday (SAS) and Sunday (SUS)]. A total of fifty-six topsoil samples were used for the study.
At each of the fifty-six locations, the top 0-5 cm soil was scooped with a stainless steel shovel from several
points and pooled together to form composite for that location. The collected samples were air-dried for six
days, crushed, sieved and then kept for lead determination.
2. Daily Exposure of Roadside Topsoil to Lead at Olaiya Roundabout, Osogbo, Nigeria
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Fig. 1 shows the map of sampling locations where the samples were collected.
Extraction of lead was carried out by weighing 5.0g of the sieved soil in a 150 mL Pyrex beaker and 50 mL of
2M HNO3 was added and placed on a water bath for 2 hours with occasional shaking according to [7]. The
extract obtained was then filtered and made up to 50mL with distilled water and analysed for lead with atomic
absorption spectrophotometer. Stock standard solution of lead was prepared and working standard solutions
were prepared for the purpose of calibration. Blank reading was subtracted from sample reading and resulting
lead concentration was extrapolated from the calibration graph. A blank was always included for every ten
samples analysed. Reagents used were of analytical grade. Statistical analysis of data was carried out by the use
of STATISTICA 7.
Figure 1: Map of the sampling area
III. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
The results of the exposure of roadside soil to lead on daily basis are as shown in Figures 2 to 8. Figure
2 shows the distribution of lead on monday. Lead concentration at point MOS 3 had the highest concentration
(72.7 mg/kg) which accounts for 25% of the total lead experienced on monday. These could be as a result of
some civil servants that are going to their respective places of work on monday and could involve those having
personal vehicles and those that use public vehicles where there is vehicular exhaust of lead, because this
direction is towards the motor park direction as shown in Figure 1. More than 70% of the citizens in Osogbo are
civil servants that work at various ministries. This round-about is always very busy because every ministry staff
will always want to get to work on time and also this route leads to other major towns and states such as Lagos,
Ibadan, Akure, Ife, Ede. This observation was within the level of lead obtained by [1] around motor parks in
Ibadan, Nigeria (21.0 -1090 mg/kg). MOS 8 was also noticed to contribute 20% of the total lead for Monday
(58.4 mg/kg).
3. Daily Exposure of Roadside Topsoil to Lead at Olaiya Roundabout, Osogbo, Nigeria
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Figure 2: Exposure of roadside soil to lead on Monday
The variation of lead in all the sampling points on tuesday is as illustrated in Figure 3. TUS 8 had the
highest lead concentration (73.7 mg/kg) and accounts for 28% of the total lead on tuesday. This direction was
towards the government secretariat, Abere and could be due to the high lead discharge from exhaust of motor
vehicles going to the government secretariat in the morning and when coming back from the secretariat. The
reason could also be due to runoff from polluted areas high in lead and get deposited at this sampling site. Some
of the civil servants living in Osogbo or working in Osun State do not reside in the state, and come from other
neighbouring states to report to their various offices, the exhausts from their car can add to the soil lead
concentration.
Figure 3: Exposure of roadside soil to lead on Tuesday
The highest level of lead in soil on wednesday was obtained at WES 8 again (83.9 mg/kg) and accounts
for 29% of the total lead concentration for this day as shown in Figure 4. The result of the high level is as
explained for tuesday due to discharge of lead from vehicle exhausts. The high level of lead obtained in this
study could be primarily due to anthropogenic sources. It is estimated that about 2800 metric tons of vehicular
gaseous lead emission is deposited to urban areas in Nigeria annually [8].
Figure 4: Exposure of roadside soil to lead on Wednesday
MOS 1
16%
MOS 2
19%
MOS 3
25%
MOS 4
4%
MOS 5
5%
MOS 6
5%
MOS 7
6%
MOS 8
20%
Other
31%
TUS 1
15%
TUS 2
13%
TUS 3
12%
TUS 4
16%
TUS 5
7%
TUS 6
5%
TUS 7
4%
TUS 8
28%
Other
37%
WES 1
10%
WES 2
7%
WES 3
9%
WES 4
21%
WES 5
15%
WES 6
5%
WES 7
4%
WES 8
29%
Other
37%
4. Daily Exposure of Roadside Topsoil to Lead at Olaiya Roundabout, Osogbo, Nigeria
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The exposure of the roadside top soil on thursday is as shown in Figure 5. The highest lead level was obtained in
THS 2 (68.1 mg/kg) and accounts for 27% of the total lead experienced on thursday followed by THS 3 (65.9
mg/kg) which accounted for 26% of lead on thursday.
Figure 5: Exposure of roadside soil to lead on Thursday
The two points signify that most workers in the state are fully in town and the exhausts from their cars
can lead to lead level in soil. These two points are towards residential houses of these workers and other people
residing in the town of Osogbo and one will expect more lead deposition as they drive to their various offices
and back to their various destinations. It could also be attributed to the deposition by runoff water carrying soil
particles containing lead which get deposited in the soil at this point.
Figure 6 showed the highest lead concentration to be at FRS 2 (40.6 mg/kg) and accounts for 22% of
the daily lead level for Friday. It would be noticed that the level of lead was also high for FRS 1 (30.2 mg/kg)
and accounts for 16% of the daily lead exposure to topsoil. The level of lead in soil here shows that these two
areas
Figure 6: Exposure of roadside soil to lead on Friday
Are always exposed to lead compared to other locations used in the study. Apart from vehicle exhausts
which contribute to lead contaminant in the soil, the soil around Olaiya roundabout could also be exposed to
lead as a result of the railway crossing at FRS 2/FRS 8 and also the petrol station at FRS 3. The reason could
also be due to aerial deposition on soil as a result of wind.
The level of lead in soil on saturday is illustrated in Figure 7. The highest lead concentration was
obtained in SAS 1 (40.1 mg/kg) and contributes about 22% of lead. This area is around the popular Alekuwodo
market. This could be due to the number of buyers that visited the
THS 1
14%
THS 2
27%
THS 3
26%
THS 4
6% THS 5
11%
THS 6
5%
THS 7
3%
THS 8
8%Other
16%
FRS 1
16%
FRS 2
22%
FRS 3
15%
FRS 4
8%
FRS 5
14%
FRS 6
5%
FRS 7
6%
FRS 8
14%Other
24%
5. Daily Exposure of Roadside Topsoil to Lead at Olaiya Roundabout, Osogbo, Nigeria
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Figure 7: Exposure of roadside soil to lead on Saturday
Market on saturday, since they don’t have the chance of visiting the market on working days. It could
also be attributed to runoff from polluting sources. There is also a supermarket along this side of the market that
makes use of a generator. The exhaust from this supermarket can add to soil lead level. This explanation could
also be used to explain the phenomenon observed on sunday as in Figure8.
The level of lead in this sampling site is as a result of automobile exhausts from cars passing through
the market which get deposited on the soil. It could also be due to some geological background of the soil and
the deposition of soil from other contaminated areas during runoff when it rains.
The level of lead in this study was compared to lead level in some other countries as shown in Table 1.
Comparison of the average value of lead in this study with other places as shown in Table 1 reveals that lead
concentration for all locations in the study area was still low, but needs monitoring.
The dietary exposure that results in blood levels of concern has been estimated to be 60 micrograms of
lead per day for children less than 6 years. Given a soil level of 100 ppm (100 µg/g) eating approximately two
teaspoons
Figure 8: Exposure of roadside soil to lead on Sunday
Table 1: Soil quality criteria for some countries compared to levels obtained in this study (mg/kg)
Country Pb Reference
Netherlands (action level) 530 [9]
Netherlands (further
investigation)
310 [9]
Canada (residential) 140 [10]
Canada (commercial) 260 [10]
Nigeria (Motor parks) 266±330 [1]
Nigeria (Olaiya junction) 28.8±18.9 This study
Of the soil per week be required to give the same amount of lead (Pb) found in diet that can cause
elevated blood levels of concern. This calculation is based on the assumption that half of the lead in soil eaten
SAS 1
22%
SAS 2
17%
SAS 3
15%
SAS 4
10%
SAS 5
9%
SAS 6
7%
SAS 7
11% SAS 8
9%
Other
27%
SUS 1
22%
SUS 2
13%
SUS 3
17%
SUS 4
11%
SUS 5
9%
SUS 6
7%
SUS 7
13% SUS 8
8%
Other
28%
6. Daily Exposure of Roadside Topsoil to Lead at Olaiya Roundabout, Osogbo, Nigeria
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by children is absorbed. For a soil that has a lead level of 300 ppm, eating about three quarters of a teaspoon per
week could cause elevated blood levels of concern [11]. One way analysis of variance showed that there was no
significant difference in the means of lead obtained for the days of the week. Table 2 illustrates the Pearson
matrix and showed positive correlations for TUS/WES (r = +0.84), MOS/THS (r = +0.77), MOS/FRS (r
=+0.74),
Table 2: Pearson matrix for daily lead exposure in topsoil
MOS TUS WES THS FRS SAS SUS
MOS 1.00
TUS 0.54 1.00
WES 0.10 0.84 1.00
THS 0.77 0.12 - 0.20 1.00
FRS 0.74 0.39 0.10 0.85 1.00
SAS 0.58 0.14 -.027 0.60 0.66 1.00
SUS 0.47 0.04 - 0.28 0.46 0.41 0.91 1.00
THS/FRS (r = +0.85) and SAS/SUS (r = +0.91). This implies that the contamination of lead in the
topsoil for these locations is from the same polluting sources.
The findings from this study will help to bring awareness to some market women and customers
patronizing this market to some of the hazards they are likely to come across in terms of lead pollution. An
advice for the government is to site markets at places free of heavy metal pollution by creating a park for car
users to reduce pollution from this source.
IV. CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION
The study showed that lead at roadside topsoil was most significantly contaminated on tuesday and
wednesday along the route to the government secretariat. The disposal of waste along these route containing
lead, lead from railway, pollution due to runoff as a result of rain and exhausts from generating sets are
suspected to be major sources of lead contamination of topsoil in all these days studied, in addition to that
derived from motor vehicular exhaust. The market is of major concern because people buy foodstuffs from here
and this metal can get deposited on some or all of the food items sold here which is dangerous to human health.
The adverse effect of this could be chronic or acute.
Recommendation made include:
1. The marketers around this study site should be educated on the effect of this metal on their health and
to the health of buyers patronizing this market.
2. The river beside this market should be investigated for its lead level.
3. Blood lead level of marketers should be analysed to know the level of this metal in their blood stream
so as to give advice on the risk of exposure.
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