Chicago’s architecture is famous throughout the world and one style is referred to as the Chicago school. In the history of architecture the first Chicago school was a school of architects . active in Chicago at the turn of the 20th century . They were among the first to promote the new technologies of steel-frame construction in commercial Buildings. A “second Chicago school” with a modernist aesthetic emerged in the 1940’s through 1970’s. Which pioneered new buildings technologies and structural system such as the tube-frame structure.

1. CHICAGO SCHOOL
OF
ARCHITECTURE
SUBMITTED BY ;
NAME : B.DHANARAJ
REG NO :318106101026
BATCH : 2/5 B.ARCH
COLLAGE : AUCE
(architect : Louis Sullivan)

2. Introduction
Chicago’s architecture is
famous throughout the
world and one style is
referred to as the Chicago
school.
In the history of
architecture the first
Chicago school was a school
of architects . active in
Chicago at the turn of the
20th century . Chicago school of architecture

3. They were among the first to
promote the new technologies of
steel-frame construction in
commercial Buildings.
A “second Chicago school” with
a modernist aesthetic emerged in
the 1940’s through 1970’s.
Which pioneered new buildings
technologies and structural
system such as the tube-frame
structure.
Chicago school of architecture
Louis Sullivan

4. What is Chicago school
Chicago School is a neoclassical economic school of
thought that originated at the University of Chicago in
the 1930s. The main tenets of the Chicago School are
that free markets best allocate resources in an economy
and that minimal, or even no, government intervention is
best for economic prosperity

5. About architect
Louis Sullivan
(1856-1924)
Born: 3 September 1856, Boston,
Massachusetts, united states.
Died:14 April 1924, Chicago,
united states
Books: The autobiography of an idea
Education: MIT school of architecture
and planning, The English
high school.
Awards: AIA gold medal

6. Louis Henry Sullivan (September 3,
1856 – April 14, 1924) was an
American architect
Louis Sullivan is also called as
"father of skyscrapers" and "father of
modernism".
He is considered by many as the
creator of the modern skyscraper,
was an influential architect and critic
of the Chicago School. Louis Sullivan

7. First Chicago school
"Chicago School" is widely used to
describe buildings constructed in the
city during the 1880s and 1890s.
Chicago buildings of the era
displayed a wide variety of styles and
techniques.
Contemporary publications used
the phrase "Commercial Style" to
describe the innovative tall buildings
rather than proposing a sort of
unified school. Chicago school

8.  The distinguishing features of the Chicago School are
use of steel-frame buildings with masonry cladding
(usually terra cotta ).
allowing large plate-glass window areas and limiting the
amount of exterior ornamentation.
In some cases elements of neoclassical architecture are
used in Chicago School skyscrapers.
Chicago School skyscrapers contain the three parts of a
classical column.
 The lowest floors functions as the base.

9.  the middle stories usually with little
ornamental detail act as the shaft of
the column.
 last floor or two, often capped with
a cornice and often with more
ornamental detail, represent the
capital.
They are three types of window in
the school
• Chicago window
•Bay window
•Oriel window
Steel frame structures

10. Chicago window
It is a three-part window consisting of a large fixed
center panel flanked by two smaller double-hung sash
windows.
Chicago window
Bay window
The arrangement of windows on the facade typically
creates a grid pattern, with some projecting out from the
façade.

11. Oriel window
The Chicago window combined the
functions of light-gathering and
natural ventilation a single central
pane was usually fixed while the two
surrounding panes were operable.
These windows were often deployed
in bays.
Bay window
Oriel window

12. Second Chicago school
In the 1940s, a "Second
Chicago School" emerged from
the work of Ludwig Mies van
der Rohe and his efforts of
education at the Illinois Institute
of Technology
 Its first and purest expression
was the 860–880 Lake Shore
Drive Apartments (1951) and
their technological
achievements. Second Chicago school

13. This was supported and enlarged in
the 1960s due to the ideas of Chicago
structural engineer Fazlur
 He introduced a new structural
system of framed tubes in skyscraper
design and construction
 Fazlur Khan defined the framed
tube structure as
a three dimensional space structure
composed of three, four, or possibly
more frames
Second Chicago school

14. braced frames, or shear walls
joined at or near their edges to form a vertical tube-like
structural system capable of resisting lateral forces in any
direction by cantilevering from the foundation
Closely spaced interconnected exterior columns form the
tube
 Horizontal loads, for example wind, are supported by the
structure as a whole. About half the exterior surface is
available for windows
 Framed tubes allow fewer interior columns, and so
create more usable floor space.

15.  Where larger openings like garage doors are required,
the tube frame must be interrupted, with transfer girders
used to maintain structural integrity.
The first building to apply the tube-frame construction
was the DeWitt-Chestnut Apartment Building which Khan
designed and was completed in Chicago by 1963.
This laid the foundations for the tube structures of many
other later skyscrapers, including his own John Hancock
Center and Willis Tower
, there are different styles of architecture all throughout
the city, such as the Chicago School, neo-classical, art deco,

16. Chicago school plans

17. elevation
section
Interiors
interiors

18. Louis Sullivan auditorium
The Auditorium Building in Chicago is one of the best-
known designs of Louis Sullivan and Dankmar Adler
Completed in 1889
 the building is located at the northwest corner of
South Michigan Avenue and Congress Street
 The building, which when constructed was the largest in
the United States and the tallest in Chicago, was designed
to be a multi-use complex, including offices, a theater, and
a hotel
 Frank Lloyd Wright worked on some of the interior
design.

19. The Auditorium Theatre is part
of the Auditorium Building and is
located at 50 East Ida B. Wells
Drive
 The theater was the first home
of the Chicago Civic Opera and
the Chicago Symphony Orchestra
The building was added to
the National Register of Historic
Places on April 17, 1970
the Auditorium Building has
been part of Roosevelt University
Chicago auditorium
Auditorium interiors

20. Auditorium section
Auditorium plan
interiors

21. The top level houses mechanical
devices such as elevator engines
and water tanks. It appearance
proclaims its difference in function
from the rest of the building.
A succession of workers offices fill
the upper stories and are modular
and repetitive and appearance.
Street level spaces for shops,
banks and public commerce. These
are large, open spaces ‘’liberal,
expansive and sumptuous’’ that will
flow up into the second storey.

22. characteristics
Bold geometric facades pierced with either arched or
lintel-type openings.
The wall surface highlighted with extensive low-relief
sculptural. Ornamentation in terra cotta.
Buildings often topped with deep projecting eaves and
flat roofs
The multi-story office complex highly story. Intermediate
floors, and the attic or roof
The intermediate floors are arranged in vertical bands.
Large arched window

23. characteristics
Large arched window
Decorative terra cotta panel
Decorative band
Vertical strips of windows
Pilaster-like mullions
Projecting eaves(The under part of a sloping roof
overhanging a wall)

24. characteristics
Highly decorative frieze
Enriched foliated Rinceau (an ornamental motif of scrolls
of foliage ,usually vine)
Porthole windows
Decorated terra cotta spandrels
Capital of pilaster strips

25. Thank you