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The document summarizes the major events of the Age of Early European Explorations and Conquests from the 15th to 17th centuries. It describes early explorations by the Portuguese along the west coast of Africa which led to the establishment of the Portuguese Maritime Empire. It also discusses Christopher Columbus' four voyages to the Americas and the beginning of Spanish conquests of Native American empires like the Aztecs and Incas. The document outlines the establishment of the trans-Atlantic slave trade and its triangular route between Europe, Africa, and the Americas which had devastating impacts on African societies.
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The document summarizes the major events of the Age of Early European Explorations and Conquests from the 15th to 17th centuries. It describes early explorations by the Portuguese along the west coast of Africa which led to Vasco da Gama reaching India in 1498. It also discusses Christopher Columbus' four voyages and Ferdinand Magellan's circumnavigation of the world. This period saw European powers like Spain, Portugal and England establishing colonial empires in the Americas and trading posts in Asia, leading to profound global impacts.
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1. The triangular trade system developed to meet labor demands in the Americas using slaves from Africa. Europeans traded goods to Africa in exchange for slaves, who were then brought to the Americas to work plantations growing crops like sugar.
2. Sugarcane plantations in Brazil and the Caribbean relied heavily on African slave labor. The growth of the sugar industry increased the demand for slaves transported from Africa.
3. The triangular trade system resulted in the forced migration and exploitation of millions of Africans across the Atlantic as commodities to fuel the economies of European colonial powers through their labor on American plantations.
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During the 15th and 16th centuries in Spain:
- Ferdinand and Isabella unified the country and imposed Catholicism, establishing the Spanish Inquisition.
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- Under King Charles I and King Philip II, Spain built a vast overseas empire through further exploration and conquest, most notably defeating the Moors in Granada. However, the costs of maintaining this empire began to economically drain Spain.
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To establish a successful colony, careful planning and adequate resources are essential. Colonists need a stable food source and shelter immediately upon arrival. They must have the tools, supplies, and expertise across various skills like farming, construction, trade, and defense to become self-sufficient in the new environment. Ongoing support from the sponsoring country can also help the colony survive the early vulnerable years until it is established.
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2) The Aztecs had a remarkable society in what is now Mexico before being conquered by the Spanish, with their capital Tenochtitlan hosting 200,000-300,000 people.
3) Mansa Musa was the greatest ruler of the kingdom of Mali, a devout Muslim who established Mali as a center of wealth and learning in West Africa.
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Christopher Columbus received funding from Ferdinand and Isabella of Spain to sail west in search of a route to Asia. His reaching the New World in 1492 gave hope for riches in the new land but also resulted in the greatly diminished native populations and growth of the transatlantic slave trade. Other Spanish explorers like Balboa, Magellan, de Soto, and Coronado further explored and claimed lands for Spain in the early 1500s, helping Spain build an empire in the Americas through conquistadors like Cortes and Pizarro who defeated the Aztec and Inca empires. European nations established colonies in North America for resources, trade, and religious reasons, with the French founding New France, Dutch founding
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The document summarizes the results of European exploration, including:
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2) The Columbian Exchange introduced new crops, livestock, and diseases globally between Europe, Africa and the Americas. Potatoes and corn transformed European diets while tobacco and sugar became important New World crops.
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The document summarizes early European exploration and conquests from the 15th to 17th centuries. It discusses key explorers like Columbus, Magellan, and da Gama and their voyages that led to contact between Europe, Africa, Asia, and the Americas. It also outlines the establishment of European colonial empires in the Americas and their systems of administration, including the encomienda system and the influence of the Catholic Church. European expansion resulted in devastating impacts like disease epidemics among native populations and the transatlantic slave trade.
European exploration and colonization
This document summarizes early European exploration and colonization efforts beginning in the 15th century. It discusses key explorers like Christopher Columbus, Ferdinand Magellan, and their voyages of discovery. It also outlines the conquests of the Aztec and Incan empires by the Spanish, led by conquistadors like Hernan Cortes and Francisco Pizarro. Furthermore, it examines the establishment of European colonies in the Americas and the devastating impacts on indigenous populations, including the trans-Atlantic slave trade that transported over 10 million Africans to the Americas between the 16th and 19th centuries.
The golden Age of Spain and Portugal
Portugal and Spain first rose to economic prominence through worldwide trading activity starting in the 15th century. They were motivated by spreading Christianity ("God"), gaining fame and wealth ("glory and gold"). Portugal's Prince Henry the Navigator established a navigation school and sponsored voyages down the west African coast. Bartolomeu Dias was the first to sail around the Cape of Good Hope in 1487. Vasco da Gama reached India in 1498, establishing Portugal as a colonial power. Spain sponsored Columbus' voyages westward beginning in 1492, leading to Spanish conquests of the Aztec and Inca empires and colonization of the Americas. This established Spain and Portugal as the first global colonial empires, controlling
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The document discusses the Age of Exploration, including key events and motivations. It summarizes that three main countries - France, England, and Spain - sponsored early explorers. The major motivations for exploration were gold, glory, and spreading Christianity (the "three G's"). New technologies like the caravel ship, compass, and cartography enabled more advanced explorations and helped open up the Americas and trade routes to Asia.
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Learn about the European exploration and colonisation in the 16th and 17th century. The downfall of the Aztecs and Incans, Atlantic slave trade, Columbian exchange are covered.
Not mine. My Professor made this.
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Image: romantic view of Columbus setting foot in the new world
I. Intro Big Themes
II. The world ca. 15th century
III. Portuguese Beginnings
IV. Columbus the 1st Conquistador
America Discovery
Norse occupation of upper Canada during the middle ages
Basque fishermen fishing off of the New England and Upper Canada
Population estimates of 15-50 million of Native American descent in 1492
15th century = 1400s
Looking at the world during the 1400s, with broad brushstrokes laying out some of the rpe conditions for conquest in the hew world.
What were the goals and provisions of the Europeans that instigated them breaking from tradition and setting out to discover.
The real pioneers were the Portuguese, outside of brazil they do not have a large presence in the New World
Big Themes:
Conquest changed everything, most momentous single event that historians can think of. It changed the fortunes of the entire globe.
In the 15th century Europe was emerging from the middle ages, sometimes refered to as the dark ages and as prospering especially in maritime states, such as Genoa where Columbus was born. It was however a sideshow of the economic worlds wealth. Much of the worlds trading systems was being traded across land or hugging the coasts between Europe and the far east. Along the silk roads. Europe lay at the very end of these roads.
By being at the end of the roads Europe was on the periphery. This changed with the age of exploration.
Exploration completely changed the map of the world. What Europeans changed despite the map was to create an Atlantic system of trade and commerce, sometimes referred to as the Triangle Trade. Trade between Europe-Africa-New World (N. and S. America and the Caribbean)
The rise of the west was built on this Atlantic system. The fortunes of Europe over the next 500 years will be laid economically, politically, militarily, etc. in the colonial outposts in the New World.
Effects dramatic in other locations as well.
Africa will export slaves to work vast plantations, mining facilities, as well as other things that were done to produce wealth. The fortunes of Africans thus will be dramatically transformed.
No less dramatic to Native Americans 15-50 million indigenous inhabitants of N. and S. America. It has been estimated that a figure as high as 90% died within a century of Columbus’s ‘discovery.’
The first group that Europeans hope to enslave are N. Americans and some die from overwork, and labor.
Most die due to disease-smallpox, etc.
For peoples of Asia and Middle East will see their fortunes change in particular to that of Europe. Prior to the discoveries the east was the center of the knowledge, wealth and power, with the Middle East as Middle men in the trade routes also benefitting.
With the development of the trade routes these centers of power would diminish
Q: did the.
AgeOfExploration.ppt
Europeans explored distant lands between 1400-1800 motivated by profit and religion. Portuguese led the way in exploring Africa's coast and reaching India, establishing trading posts. Other European powers like the Dutch and English later challenged Portuguese control of Asian trade. Spain's exploration led to the colonization of the Americas, where crops and animals were exchanged between the hemispheres while diseases devastated native populations. Demand for American goods led to the growth of the transatlantic slave trade to supply labor.
European explorationandcolonization
1. The document discusses early European exploration including Prince Henry of Portugal establishing a navigation school in 1419. This led to Portuguese exploration of Africa's coastline by the 15th century and their establishing the first global maritime empire.
2. Motives for more exploration included seeking new trade routes to Asia following the Crusades, Renaissance curiosity, escaping religious conflicts, and finding new sources of revenue for monarchs. Technological advances like improved ships, navigation instruments, and weapons enabled further voyages.
3. Major figures that furthered exploration included Columbus, whose four voyages opened up the Americas to colonization by European powers; Magellan, who completed the first circumnavigation of the world; and conquistadors
Exploration and Conquest
The document discusses the major European explorers between the 15th and 17th centuries, their motivations for exploration which included religion, trade, and acquiring wealth, and the technological advances like improved ships and navigational instruments that enabled these voyages. It also outlines some of the consequences of exploration, such as the Columbian Exchange and establishment of colonies in the Americas that had profound environmental, economic, and social impacts. Major explorers mentioned include Columbus, Vasco da Gama, Balboa, and Magellan whose voyages expanded European knowledge and trade networks around the globe.
SSWH10.ppt
The document discusses the major factors that led to the Age of Discovery and European expansion between 1450-1700. Some key developments included advances in navigation technology from the Scientific Revolution like the caravel ship and magnetic compass that enabled long distance travel. Motivations for exploration included seeking gold, glory for their nation, and spreading Christianity ("God, glory, and gold"). Portugal led initial exploration down the coast of Africa. Major explorers included Columbus, who sailed for Spain and reached the Americas believing he found India, and Magellan, who was the first to circumnavigate the globe. European powers established colonial empires through conquest and the slave trade had devastating impacts on African societies. The Columbian Exchange also introduced new crops, animals
W7L3European Age of ExplorationA World Map from Alberto Cantin.docx
W7L3
European Age of Exploration
A World Map from Alberto Cantino, 1502
When we last left Europe, the Islamic trading influences had sparked a revolution of ideas in Italy that began to spread across the cultural centers of European kingdoms. The Italian Renaissance slowly spread across Europe, bringing new innovations in technology, art, music, scientific understanding, mathematics, and medicine. In turn these ideas had sparked the Reformation. However, by the sixteenth century, as the Reformation picked up steam and began spreading radical religious ideas throughout Christendom, already some European kingdoms had begun applying Renaissance inventions to new economic opportunities: Exploration.
The presence of patronage throughout royal courts had encouraged a stability of economies. This stability was called mercantilism – the economic doctrine that assumes government control of foreign trade is the most important element of ensuring prosperity for a given state. The idea is that trading partners need each other to prosper, so trading states are less likely to war with each other over minor details, lest that diminishes trade. The downside to mercantilism is that it can foster an atmosphere of such extreme competition between two or more states that other states end up falling prey to that intense rivalry. This is exactly what happened with cultures in Africa, North America, the Caribbean, and Mesoamerica. But the immediacy of stability caused by mercantilism contributed to the standing atmosphere of intellectual curiosity and increasing centralized governments to lead expeditions outside of European domains.
Portugal
The Portuguese had regained control over the Kingdom of Portugal in 1415, when conquering Christian forces had expelled the occupying Moors. Spain still had some years of fighting left to regain control over the remaining Iberian Peninsula, but Portugal began to set its affairs in order and set its sights on increased trade. Playing a key role in this development was Prince Henry the Navigator.
Prince Henry the Navigator extended Portuguese trade ports throughout the coasts of Africa and into India
Prince Henry was very religious and thought that exploring the African coastline might benefit Portugal in economic glory while benefitting African through conversion from mostly Islamic beliefs to Christian ideas. He established a navigation school to increase the knowledge of sailors. New techniques in ship-building allowed for longer journeys with more gods on board. He also spread the idea that courtly chivalrous honor could be achieved through behaviors off the battle-field. In addition to military glory, he thought, knightly behavior could be earned through intellectual exploration, religious piety and missionary work, and the adventure of journeying to places unknown. In the early 1400s, Portuguese sailors began sailing into ports along the African coast. They were there not as conquerors, but as traders.
And so, Portugues.
myAgeofExplorationB.ppt
The Age of Exploration began in the 15th century due to advances in navigation technology, a desire to find trade routes to Asia, and the promise of riches. Portugal led the way in exploration down the coast of Africa. Key figures included Prince Henry the Navigator, Bartolomeu Dias who rounded the Cape of Good Hope, Vasco da Gama who reached India, and Christopher Columbus who discovered the Americas while seeking a route to Asia. The voyages of discovery had enormous consequences, including the spread of people, crops, diseases, and empires between Europe, Africa, Asia, and the Americas.
01 discovery and_settlement_of_a_new_world
1. The first Americans migrated to North America from Asia across the Bering Strait during the last Ice Age, gradually migrating south following food sources.
2. Europeans began exploring in the 15th century for economic, religious, and political reasons, seeking new trade routes, wealth, and converts to Christianity. This led to contact with indigenous peoples in the Americas.
3. The major European powers that engaged in colonization of North America were Spain, Portugal, France, and the Netherlands in the 16th-18th centuries, with Spain establishing the first permanent colonies through conquests of the Aztecs and Incas for gold and territory.
European expansion and invasion 2015
The document summarizes European expansion into the Americas beginning in the 15th century. It first discusses early Viking exploration led by Leif Erikson who established a short-lived settlement in Vinland (North America) around 1000 AD. Next it explains how technological and navigational advances in 15th century Portugal enabled more successful Atlantic exploration and led to Spain funding Christopher Columbus' 1492 voyage. Columbus' landing in the Bahamas began the massive Columbian Exchange between the Old and New Worlds and devastated indigenous populations through disease and war. Finally, it outlines the later Spanish and French colonial empires that sought wealth and conversion through differing approaches in the Americas.
AP WORLD HISTORY - Chapter 14: Economic transformations: Commerce and Consequ...
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Colonialism began in the 15th century as European powers sought to expand their political control and economic systems by controlling foreign lands in Africa, Asia, Oceania, and the Americas. Indigenous groups were exploited as slaves. Because of colonialism in Belize, it became a multicultural nation with influences from Europe, Africa, Asia, and the Americas. The Portuguese were the first to explore westward, followed by other European powers like Spain, Britain, France, and the Netherlands, who established colonies and fought for dominance in the Caribbean and beyond.
Exploration and Colonization (APUSH)
The Puritans established the Massachusetts Bay Colony in the 1630s with the goals of creating a "City upon a Hill" and purifying the Church of England. They emphasized self-governance through democratic town meetings and a strict moral code based on Calvinist beliefs. However, dissent grew within the colony as it struggled to maintain religious conformity, leading to events like the trial of Mistress Anne Hibbens for alleged witchcraft in the 1650s.
Ap euro ch 15
This chapter discusses European exploration and conquest between 1450-1650. It provides context on pre-Columbian trade networks centered around the Indian Ocean, then outlines the political, economic, and technological factors that drove Portuguese, Spanish, Dutch, and English overseas expansion in this period. Key events discussed include the voyages led by Prince Henry the Navigator for Portugal in the 1400s, Vasco de Gama reaching India for Portugal in 1497-1499, Columbus' voyages for Spain starting in 1492, and the establishment of global colonial empires by European powers in the Americas, Africa, and Asia in the 1500s-1600s. The impacts of expanded trade and colonization, such as the Columbian Exchange
Iberian and northern europeans updated
Here are some key explorers and their voyages:
- Christopher Columbus - Sailed for Spain in 1492, thinking he would reach Asia but landed in the Bahamas in the Caribbean, initiating European colonization of the Americas.
- Vasco da Gama - The first European to reach India by sea, arriving in Calicut in 1498 for Portugal, opening direct trade routes to Asia.
- Ferdinand Magellan - Led the first expedition to circumnavigate the globe for Spain from 1519 to 1522, though he was killed in the Philippines before completing the entire voyage.
- Amerigo Vespucci - Explored the east coast of South America on voyages from 1499 to 150
Eurpean Exploration And Empire Building
1) In the 1400s, European countries began extensively exploring the world in search of wealth and resources, expanding their knowledge and control.
2) Portugal was a leader in exploration, sending voyages down the west African coast and around the tip of Africa, opening the way for later colonization.
3) Spain, England, and France also engaged in exploration and established colonies in the Americas in the 1400s-1500s, with Spain forming a huge empire spanning North and South America and the Caribbean.
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C:\fakepath\chapter 13 explorations
- 1. The Age of Early European Explorations & Conquests
- 8. Museum of Navigation in Lisbon
- 11. Christofo Colon [1451-1506]
- 14. Ferdinand Magellan & the First Circumnavigation of the World: Early 16 c
- 15. Atlantic Explorations Looking for “El Dorado”
- 16. Fernando Cortez The First Spanish Conquests: The Aztecs Montezuma II vs.
- 17. Francisco Pizarro The First Spanish Conquests: The Incas Atahualpa vs.
- 18. Slaves Working in a Brazilian Sugar Mill
- 20. Cycle of Conquest & Colonization Explorers Conquistadores Missionaries Permanent Settlers Official European Colony!
- 24. TRIANGULAR TRADE Connected Europe, Africa and Asia and the Americas.
- 26. Slave Ship “ Middle Passage”
- 27. Middle Passage – “ Coffin” Position Below Deck
- 28. African Captives Thrown Overboard Sharks followed the slave ships!
- 30. The Influence of the Colonial Catholic Church Guadalajara Cathedral Our Lady of Guadalupe Spanish Mission
- 31. The Treaty of Tordesillas, 1494 & The Pope’s Line of Demarcation (West for Spain and East for Portugal)
Editor's Notes
- Nicolo- means father, Maffeo-means uncle and Marco Polo wrote “The Travels” – account of what they saw in the Chinese court of the Mongol ruler Kublai Khan. Zheng He worked for the emperor Yong Le.
- Between 1405-1433 he did seven voyages (62 ships, largest was 440 ft., Santa Maria was only 75 ft.) His explorations were halted after Yong Le’s death due to the Confucian view that trading activities were unworthy. In 1514, a Portuguese fleet arrived off the coast of China. China was at the height of its power. Both sides benefited from this early cultural exchange. Chinese scholars marveled at their ability to read better with European eyeglasses. Christian missionaries were impressed with the teachings of Confucius, the printing and availability of books, and Chinese architecture.
- Refugees - One who flees in search of refuge, as in times of war, political oppression, or religious persecution. Missionaries - a person sent by a church into an area to carry on evangelism or other activities, as educational or hospital work.
- Bartolome Dias rounded the tip of Good Hope in 1488. Vasco da Gama went around the cape and cut across the Indian Ocean to the coast of India. In May of 1498, he arrived off the port of Calicut, where he took a cargo of spices, making several thousand percent profit. Came back, destroyed Muslim shipping and gained control of the spice trade, which had been controlled by Muslims. Afonso de Allbuquerque wanted control of Melaka – control would help destroy Arab control of the spice trade.
- John Cabot explored the New England coastline of the Americas for England. Amerigo Vespucci, a Florentine, went along on several voyages and wrote letters describing the lands he saw (these letters led to the use of the name America for the new lands).
- On 1519, Portuguese explorer, persuaded the king of Spain to finance his voyages. Reached South America, moved down the coast in search of a strait, that would take them through America. On Nov. 1520, he found the strait, named it “Strait of Magellan” Week after week, he continued until he reached the Philippines, were he was killed. Known to be the first person to sail around the world.
- Some consequences of Spanish settlement: Spanish conquests affected not only the conquered but also the conquerors. This was specially true in the economic arena. Europeans sought gold and they found it. colonists established plantations and ranches to raise sugar, cotton, vanilla, livestock, and other products introduced to the Americas for export to Europe.
- From this diagram what were some products sent from the Americas to Europe? Turning Point: **** International trade was crucial in creating a new age of commercial capitalism, one of the first steps in the development of the world economy.****
- was the trade of primarily African people supplied to the colonies of the New World that occurred in and around the Atlantic Ocean. It lasted from the 16th century to the 19th century. Most slaves were shipped from West Africa and Central Africa and taken to the New World. Generally slaves were obtained through coastal trading with Africans, though some were captured by European slave traders through raids and kidnapping
- Consequences: Led to the depopulation of some areas. Deprived many African communities of their youngest and strongest men and women. Increase warfare in Africa.
- The Middle Passage – was the middle portion of the triangular trade route. Many slaves died on the journey.
- Council of the Indies - the most important administrative organ of the Spanish Empire , both in the Americas and in Asia , combining legislative, executive and judicial functions. A viceroy is a royal official who governs a country or province in the name of and as representative of the monarch .
- Spanish colonists was a priest, historian, scholar, and human rights advocate, who fought to overthrow the Encomienda system.