The document discusses major events and issues during the Nixon, Ford and Carter presidencies from the 1970s. It covers Nixon's domestic policies including environmental and economic initiatives. His foreign policy accomplishments included opening relations with China, arms limitations talks with Russia, and ending US involvement in Vietnam. The Watergate scandal led to Nixon's resignation. The 1970s also saw rising inflation, two oil crises driven by conflicts in the Middle East, and the Iranian revolution and hostage crisis under Carter. Environmentalism and a shifting economy were also discussed.

1. What did Nixon accomplish as President?What effects did Nixon’s impeachment have on the Nation?Did we learn our lesson from the oil shock of the 1970s?Should we be involved with approval/ disapproval of foreign leaders?The 1970sThe Nixon, Ford, Carter Years

2. The Moral Majority EmergesOutrage over Engel v. Vitale decision in 1962Prayer cannot be led by school officialsOther areas of concernDivorce rate½ of all first marriages end in divorceAbortion Working MomsGay rights movement

3. Moving to the SunbeltPeople begin to move SouthEconomic opportunities in the SouthLess unionsDifferent political climateLow taxesLess government regulationReliance on business

4. Sunbelt

5. Nixon is President“We cannot learn from one another until we stop shouting at one another-until we speak quietly enough so that our words can be heard as well as our voices.”

6. Nixon’s Domestic PoliciesAffirmative actionEnsure hiring of minorities for all government contracts of more than $50,000Creation of the Occupational Safety and Health AdministrationSafe working conditionsCreation of the Environmental Protection AgencyEnforce clean air and water actTackle smogAir pollutantsCost of living raises for people on Social SecurityRevenue sharingFederal funds are allocated to local governmentsLocal governments are responsible for allocating moneyTurn integration of schools to courtsSwann v. Charlotte Mecklenburg decision

7. DétenteRelaxation of Cold War tensionsChanged view of the Cold WarTraditional power rivalry that can be managed rather than be wonUse trade instead of warSoviet economy was weak Use grain and technology to improve relations

8. Nixon visits ChinaOpens tradeSoviet Union hates China

9. SALT (Strategic Arms Limitation Talks)Arms control pactAgreements signed by Nixon and Leonid BrezhnevLimit to 200 antiballistic missiles eachFroze the number of offensive ballistic missiles for a five year periodSymbolic first step

10. Ending the Vietnam WarThree part planGradual withdraw of American troopsRenewed bombing Hard line negations with Hanoi

11. Response to the Bombing of CambodiaWidespread student protestKent State University near Cleveland Ohio had some of the worst riotsStudents bombed the ROTC buildingGovernor sent National guard soldiers to universityGuardsmen opened fire4 students were killed and 11 were wounded

12. Watergate ScandalNixon did not want release of information about American foreign policyUsed a covert surveillance team known as “plumbers” to make sure they were no leaksPlumbers branched out to spying on Democratic National Committee at the Watergate office complex

13. Effects of WatergateShort term effectsNixon fired aides including John DeanDean implicated NixonNixon refused to release tapesCourt ordered him toNixon resigned25 aides were sentenced to jail Long term effectsShowed a lust for power rather than money (Whiskey Ring and Tea Pot Dome)Showed the power of the pressWashington Post released scandal Woodrow and BernsteinDeep Throat

14. War in the Middle East (War of Attrition)Egypt and Syria attack IsraelWanted revenge Seized Golan Heights from SyriaSinai Peninsula from EgyptJerusalem and the West Bank from JordanIsrael won againNixon and Kissinger intervened

15. October War (Yom Kippur War)No battlesOPEC (Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries ) cut oil production by 5%Would continue each month until Israel gave land backNixon gave an emergency aid package for IsraelSaudi Arabia cut off ALL oil to the U.S.

16. Oil ShortageRise in oil pricesDoubled price in 2 weeksLong lines at gas stationPlea to American peopleCar poolDon’t go anywhere for pleasureTurn down thermostatsLasted 6 monthsKissinger negotiated Israeli pullback in Sinai

17. Effects of First Energy CrisisUsed 40% of energy even though only 6% of world’s populationShowed our dependence on foreign oilLed to decrease in demand for U.S. carsChrysler is saved by U.S. government

18. The Great InflationRise in gas prices effect price of everything elseU.S. had a $420 billion dollar deficit from Vietnam WarRise in food prices due to worldwide shortageUnemployment rose by 9%

19. President FordOnly President not electedAppointed by Nixon after Spiro Agnew is forced to resign for accepting bribes as Governor of MarylandGranted Nixon a pardonDisclosed actions of CIAAppointed George H. Bush as head of CIA to clean it up

20. American Economy ShiftsOld factories could not compete with Japan and Western EuropeOil shocks led to demand for smaller carsForeign cars gain in U.S. marketLose steel industryOther nations had better technologyLabor unions lose powerMove to computers and service (teaching and social work)

21. EnvironmentalismOil shocks show need for alternative fuelsSolarExpensiveCloudy- no powerHydroNot enough suitable dam sitesWindWhere wind blew not a lot of peopleNuclearControversialWaste products are radioactiveAccidentsThree Mile IslandChernobylEarth Day

22. President Carter“I’ll Never tell a lie.”Won election as an outsider to WashingtonDidn’t know muchBlames aides and American citizens that he can’t get anything done

23. South American RelationsNicaraguaSandinista forces led by Anastasio Somoza aligned with CastroEl SalvadorCarter wasn’t sure what to doCommunist governments?Repressive regimes?

24. Camp David AccordsLeaders from Egypt and Israel meetEgypt- Anwar SadatIsrael- Menachem BeginEmerged after 13 days with a set of negotiationsMiddle Eastern countries needed Egypt’s approval to attack IsraelGradual return of Sinai to EgyptQuestion of Gaza Strip and West Bank were left unsettled

25. Revolution in IranU.S. depended on shah for defense the Persian GulfPeople of Iran were discontent with their leaderAyatollah Khomeini led a revolt against the shah and he was forced to fleeShah was allowed to enter for medical treatmentUpset with the U.S., militants seized the embassy in Tehran and took 53 American Prisoners

26. Iranian Hostage CrisisShowed American decline in powerRescue mission failedHostages were held for 444 dayReleased when Reagan was President

27. Soviets invade AfghanistanDecember 1979Appeared to be thrust toward Indian Ocean and the Persian GulfCarter DoctrineThreatened armed opposition to any further Soviet advance toward the GulfBanned sale of high technology to RussiaEmbargo on export grainResumed draft registrationBoycotted 1980 Moscow Olympics