Modes of nutrition
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This document discusses the different modes of nutrition for organisms. There are two main types of nutrition: autotrophic (self-nutrition) and heterotrophic. Autotrophic organisms like plants and some bacteria can synthesize their own food through photosynthesis using carbon dioxide, water, sunlight and chlorophyll. Heterotrophic organisms like animals and some fungi and bacteria obtain nutrients by consuming other organisms. Heterotrophic nutrition can occur through saprophitism (consuming non-living organic matter), parasitism (living off a host organism in a harmful way) or holozoic nutrition (consuming parts or whole organisms and digesting them).
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The document discusses the process of nutrition in organisms. There are two main types of nutrition - autotrophic and heterotrophic. Autotrophs like plants can synthesize their own food using photosynthesis, requiring carbon dioxide, water and sunlight. Heterotrophs obtain food from other sources and break it down using enzymes. The human digestive system breaks down ingested food through a multi-step process involving several organs like the mouth, stomach and small intestine to extract nutrients for absorption and use in the body.
Autotrophic mode of Nutrition
The document discusses two types of autotrophic nutrition: photoautotrophic and chemoautotrophic. Photoautotrophic nutrition involves photosynthesis, which uses sunlight, water, carbon dioxide, and chlorophyll to produce food. Examples are plants and photosynthetic bacteria. Chemoautotrophic nutrition uses chemical energy rather than sunlight to produce food, utilizing compounds like hydrogen sulfide. Examples are methanogens, nitrifiers, and sulfur oxidizers, which are often extremophiles found in hostile environments.
Photosynthesis
Plants and algae perform photosynthesis, which converts carbon dioxide and water into glucose and oxygen using energy from sunlight. Photosynthesis occurs in chloroplasts and uses chlorophyll to absorb light, which drives the production of ATP and NADPH that fuel the Calvin cycle to produce glucose from carbon dioxide. It is an essential process that generates oxygen and forms the base of the food chain sustaining all life on Earth.
powerpoint presentation on topic photosynthesis
Photosynthesis is the process by which plants, algae, and some bacteria use sunlight, water and carbon dioxide to produce oxygen and energy in the form of glucose. It occurs in two stages - the light-dependent reactions where sunlight is absorbed to make ATP and NADPH using chlorophyll, and the light-independent Calvin cycle where carbon is fixed into sugars like glucose using ATP and NADPH. Photosynthesis provides food for plants and oxygen for other organisms while consuming carbon dioxide.
Photosynthesis
Photosynthesis is the process by which plants, algae, and some bacteria use sunlight, water, and carbon dioxide to produce oxygen and energy in the form of ATP and NADPH. It takes place in two stages - the light reactions where light energy is captured to make ATP and NADPH, and the dark reactions where ATP and NADPH are used to incorporate carbon from CO2 into organic compounds like glucose. The chloroplast is the organelle where photosynthesis takes place, containing chlorophyll pigments in the thylakoid membranes which absorb light energy to drive the light-dependent reactions.
Respiration
The document discusses respiration in three sentences:
Respiration involves the breakdown of glucose and other organic molecules to release energy through aerobic and anaerobic pathways. Aerobic respiration uses oxygen and occurs in mitochondria, producing much more ATP than anaerobic respiration. The energy from respiration is used to synthesize ATP, which acts as the "energy currency" of cells and is used to power metabolic reactions.
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Autotrophs can produce their own food through either photosynthesis or chemosynthesis. Photosynthesis uses sunlight as an energy source and occurs in plants, algae, and some bacteria containing chlorophyll. Chemosynthesis uses inorganic molecules from ocean vents as an energy source for bacteria. Heterotrophs cannot produce their own food and must obtain energy by consuming other organisms, breaking down food through cellular respiration.
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Autotrophic mode of Nutrition
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Photosynthesis
Plants and algae perform photosynthesis, which converts carbon dioxide and water into glucose and oxygen using energy from sunlight. Photosynthesis occurs in chloroplasts and uses chlorophyll to absorb light, which drives the production of ATP and NADPH that fuel the Calvin cycle to produce glucose from carbon dioxide. It is an essential process that generates oxygen and forms the base of the food chain sustaining all life on Earth.
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The document discusses respiration in three sentences:
Respiration involves the breakdown of glucose and other organic molecules to release energy through aerobic and anaerobic pathways. Aerobic respiration uses oxygen and occurs in mitochondria, producing much more ATP than anaerobic respiration. The energy from respiration is used to synthesize ATP, which acts as the "energy currency" of cells and is used to power metabolic reactions.
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Autotrophs can produce their own food through either photosynthesis or chemosynthesis. Photosynthesis uses sunlight as an energy source and occurs in plants, algae, and some bacteria containing chlorophyll. Chemosynthesis uses inorganic molecules from ocean vents as an energy source for bacteria. Heterotrophs cannot produce their own food and must obtain energy by consuming other organisms, breaking down food through cellular respiration.
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Modes of nutrition
- 1. Modes of Nutrition. Subject-Science Std-X Prepared by-Eva Bhinde
- 2. Nutrients Substances which provide the two basic requirements of organisms, namely organic raw material and energy.
- 3. Nutrition Process of intake of nutrients from which organisms derive energy to work. Diet/Food:- Substance which supply nutrients to the body. Carbohydrates Proteins Fats Vitamins Water Minerals
- 4. Modes of Nutrition means Methods of obtaining food by organisms Two Methods Holotrophic /Autotrophic Heterotrophic
- 5. Autotrophic Nutrition Word ‘auto’ means self and ‘trophe’ means nutrition. So, Autotrophic means ‘self nutrition’. In this type of nutrition, organisms synthesis their own food, like carbohydrate, from water & carbon dioxide with help of chlorophyll in presence of sunlight. This process is known as Photosynthesis.
- 6. Examples Euglena Volvox Green Plants & Bacteria A green single-celled freshwater organism A green single-celled aquatic organism
- 7. Carbohydrates are used for providing energy. The carbohydrates which are not used, are stored in the form of starch. Energy is derived from the food which is stored in our body in the form of Glycogen. Substance which stores carbohydrates & important in controlling sugar levels in bloo
- 8. Steps of Photosynthesis 1) Absorption of light energy by chlorophyll 2) Conversion of light energy into chemical energy 3) Reduction of carbon dioxide into carbohydrates Substances important for photosynthesis 1) Sunlight 2) Chlorophyll 3) CO2
- 9. Heterotrophic Nutrition Organisms cannot synthesis their own food. Energy is derived by digestion of organic substances obtained from plants and animals. After intake, food is digested into simple forms and then organisms utilize it. Examples: All Animals, Some Bacteria and Fungi
- 10. Types of Heterotrophic Nutrition Saprophitic •Depends on non- living substances •Dead & decaying organic material are absorbed through body wall of the organism •Ex:- Bacteria, Fungi Parasitic •Depends on another living organisms (Host) •Has close association with the host and obtain food from it. •Host is not benefited but harmed. •Ex:- Bacteria, Fungi, plants like cuscuta & animal like tapeworm. Holozoic •Parts of plants or animals or whole organism is taken as food. •Digested with the help of digestive enzymes into simple substance, then absorbed by body cells.
- 11. Thank You