This document discusses the components of food, including nutrients like carbohydrates, fats, proteins, vitamins, and minerals. It explains that carbohydrates and fats provide energy, while proteins help build and repair cells. Vitamins and minerals are also essential in small amounts. The document outlines sources of these nutrients and describes deficiency diseases that can result from not getting enough of certain nutrients, such as kwashiorkor from protein deficiency or scurvy from a lack of vitamin C.

1. Components of Food
SCIENCE
CLASS 6

2. Nutrients
Carbohydrates
Fats
Proteins
Vitamins
Minerals

3. Carbohydrates
These are nutrients that give us quick energy
Starch
Sugars
Sugars release energy
immediately.
Starch releases energy more
slowly than sugars.

4. Sources of Carbohydrates
Excess carbohydrates are stored in the body as fats

5. Fats
These are storage form of energy in the body
Plant Fat
Animal Fat
These are obtained from animals. These are obtained from plants.

6. Sources of Fats
Fats contain more energy than carbohydrates.

7. You need 1,800 calories per day
70 g fats (1 g having 9 calories) = 630 calories
25 g sugars (1 g having 4 calories) = 100 calories
270 g carbohydrates (1 g having 4 calories) = 1080 calories
1810 calories

8. Proteins
These nutrients:-
• Replace old and
damaged cells and
• Make new cells in
the body.
Their deficiency leads to
deficiency diseases.

9. Sources of Proteins
Fats contain more energy than carbohydrates.

10. Vitamins
These nutrients are:-
• Essential for
proper working of
the body.
• Required in small
quantities.
There are about 20 known
vitamins

11. Health Benefits of Vitamins

12. Minerals
These nutrients: -
• Contain certain
elements.
• Are required in
small quantities. Their deficiency leads to
deficiency diseases.

13. Minerals

14. Deficiency Diseases
The deficiency of nutrients leads to various diseases.
Reasons: -
• Lack of balanced diet due to poverty.
• Wrong food habits.
• Wrong cooking habits.

15. Kwashiorkor
Cause: -
Deficiency of Proteins
Symptoms: -
• Stomach becomes
swollen.
• Legs become thin
• Skin shows ugly patches

16. Marasmus
Cause: -
Deficiency of Proteins and
Carbohydrates.
Symptoms: -
Skin becomes so thin that
loose folds of skin can be
seen all over the body.

17. Scurvy
Cause: -
Lack of vitamin C.
Symptoms: -
• Swelling and bleeding of
gums.
• Wounds not healing
properly.

18. Rickets
Cause: -
Lack of vitamin D and
calcium.
Symptoms: -
• Bones become soft.
• Bow legs, pigeon-type
chest and bending of spine