This presentation describes in details how photosynthesis works along with its process. It also explains in details on the light-dependent and light-independent reactions.
Photosynthesis is a process used by plants and other organisms to convert light energy, normally from the sun, into chemical energy that can be used to fuel the organisms' activities. Carbohydrates, such as sugars, are synthesized from carbon dioxide and water.
Photosynthesis is a process used by plants and other organisms to convert light energy, normally from the sun, into chemical energy that can be used to fuel the organisms' activities. Carbohydrates, such as sugars, are synthesized from carbon dioxide and water.
Photosynthesis (Light and Dark reaction of photosynthesis)Shekhar Tidke
Importance of photosynthesis. Light reaction of photosynthesis, Dark reaction of photosynthesis. Hill, and Blackman reaction or C3 cycle or Calvin Cycle
About how cellular respiration occurs in Mitochondria, it discusses first the parts and functions of mitochondrion then the types of respiration and the 3 processes occurs in aerobic respiration.
Photosynthesis is a oxidation reduction process in which water is oxidized and carbon dioxide is reduced to carbohydrate level, the water and oxygen being by product.
Photosynthesis is a very crucial process in nature and I have cleared a lot of basics concepts in this presentation. Any student in grade 11 or 12 (medical sc/biology/biotech) or a college student from science field will be able to clear his/her concepts through this ppt.
Plz do follow my Instagram page @biologistindia
Photosynthesis (Light and Dark reaction of photosynthesis)Shekhar Tidke
Importance of photosynthesis. Light reaction of photosynthesis, Dark reaction of photosynthesis. Hill, and Blackman reaction or C3 cycle or Calvin Cycle
About how cellular respiration occurs in Mitochondria, it discusses first the parts and functions of mitochondrion then the types of respiration and the 3 processes occurs in aerobic respiration.
Photosynthesis is a oxidation reduction process in which water is oxidized and carbon dioxide is reduced to carbohydrate level, the water and oxygen being by product.
Photosynthesis is a very crucial process in nature and I have cleared a lot of basics concepts in this presentation. Any student in grade 11 or 12 (medical sc/biology/biotech) or a college student from science field will be able to clear his/her concepts through this ppt.
Plz do follow my Instagram page @biologistindia
Micro RNA genes and their likely influence in rice (Oryza sativa L.) dynamic ...Open Access Research Paper
Micro RNAs (miRNAs) are small non-coding RNAs molecules having approximately 18-25 nucleotides, they are present in both plants and animals genomes. MiRNAs have diverse spatial expression patterns and regulate various developmental metabolisms, stress responses and other physiological processes. The dynamic gene expression playing major roles in phenotypic differences in organisms are believed to be controlled by miRNAs. Mutations in regions of regulatory factors, such as miRNA genes or transcription factors (TF) necessitated by dynamic environmental factors or pathogen infections, have tremendous effects on structure and expression of genes. The resultant novel gene products presents potential explanations for constant evolving desirable traits that have long been bred using conventional means, biotechnology or genetic engineering. Rice grain quality, yield, disease tolerance, climate-resilience and palatability properties are not exceptional to miRN Asmutations effects. There are new insights courtesy of high-throughput sequencing and improved proteomic techniques that organisms’ complexity and adaptations are highly contributed by miRNAs containing regulatory networks. This article aims to expound on how rice miRNAs could be driving evolution of traits and highlight the latest miRNA research progress. Moreover, the review accentuates miRNAs grey areas to be addressed and gives recommendations for further studies.
Diabetes is a rapidly and serious health problem in Pakistan. This chronic condition is associated with serious long-term complications, including higher risk of heart disease and stroke. Aggressive treatment of hypertension and hyperlipideamia can result in a substantial reduction in cardiovascular events in patients with diabetes 1. Consequently pharmacist-led diabetes cardiovascular risk (DCVR) clinics have been established in both primary and secondary care sites in NHS Lothian during the past five years. An audit of the pharmaceutical care delivery at the clinics was conducted in order to evaluate practice and to standardize the pharmacists’ documentation of outcomes. Pharmaceutical care issues (PCI) and patient details were collected both prospectively and retrospectively from three DCVR clinics. The PCI`s were categorized according to a triangularised system consisting of multiple categories. These were ‘checks’, ‘changes’ (‘change in drug therapy process’ and ‘change in drug therapy’), ‘drug therapy problems’ and ‘quality assurance descriptors’ (‘timer perspective’ and ‘degree of change’). A verified medication assessment tool (MAT) for patients with chronic cardiovascular disease was applied to the patients from one of the clinics. The tool was used to quantify PCI`s and pharmacist actions that were centered on implementing or enforcing clinical guideline standards. A database was developed to be used as an assessment tool and to standardize the documentation of achievement of outcomes. Feedback on the audit of the pharmaceutical care delivery and the database was received from the DCVR clinic pharmacist at a focus group meeting.
Characterization and the Kinetics of drying at the drying oven and with micro...Open Access Research Paper
The objective of this work is to contribute to valorization de Nephelium lappaceum by the characterization of kinetics of drying of seeds of Nephelium lappaceum. The seeds were dehydrated until a constant mass respectively in a drying oven and a microwawe oven. The temperatures and the powers of drying are respectively: 50, 60 and 70°C and 140, 280 and 420 W. The results show that the curves of drying of seeds of Nephelium lappaceum do not present a phase of constant kinetics. The coefficients of diffusion vary between 2.09.10-8 to 2.98. 10-8m-2/s in the interval of 50°C at 70°C and between 4.83×10-07 at 9.04×10-07 m-8/s for the powers going of 140 W with 420 W the relation between Arrhenius and a value of energy of activation of 16.49 kJ. mol-1 expressed the effect of the temperature on effective diffusivity.
Willie Nelson Net Worth: A Journey Through Music, Movies, and Business Venturesgreendigital
Willie Nelson is a name that resonates within the world of music and entertainment. Known for his unique voice, and masterful guitar skills. and an extraordinary career spanning several decades. Nelson has become a legend in the country music scene. But, his influence extends far beyond the realm of music. with ventures in acting, writing, activism, and business. This comprehensive article delves into Willie Nelson net worth. exploring the various facets of his career that have contributed to his large fortune.
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Introduction
Willie Nelson net worth is a testament to his enduring influence and success in many fields. Born on April 29, 1933, in Abbott, Texas. Nelson's journey from a humble beginning to becoming one of the most iconic figures in American music is nothing short of inspirational. His net worth, which estimated to be around $25 million as of 2024. reflects a career that is as diverse as it is prolific.
Early Life and Musical Beginnings
Humble Origins
Willie Hugh Nelson was born during the Great Depression. a time of significant economic hardship in the United States. Raised by his grandparents. Nelson found solace and inspiration in music from an early age. His grandmother taught him to play the guitar. setting the stage for what would become an illustrious career.
First Steps in Music
Nelson's initial foray into the music industry was fraught with challenges. He moved to Nashville, Tennessee, to pursue his dreams, but success did not come . Working as a songwriter, Nelson penned hits for other artists. which helped him gain a foothold in the competitive music scene. His songwriting skills contributed to his early earnings. laying the foundation for his net worth.
Rise to Stardom
Breakthrough Albums
The 1970s marked a turning point in Willie Nelson's career. His albums "Shotgun Willie" (1973), "Red Headed Stranger" (1975). and "Stardust" (1978) received critical acclaim and commercial success. These albums not only solidified his position in the country music genre. but also introduced his music to a broader audience. The success of these albums played a crucial role in boosting Willie Nelson net worth.
Iconic Songs
Willie Nelson net worth is also attributed to his extensive catalog of hit songs. Tracks like "Blue Eyes Crying in the Rain," "On the Road Again," and "Always on My Mind" have become timeless classics. These songs have not only earned Nelson large royalties but have also ensured his continued relevance in the music industry.
Acting and Film Career
Hollywood Ventures
In addition to his music career, Willie Nelson has also made a mark in Hollywood. His distinctive personality and on-screen presence have landed him roles in several films and television shows. Notable appearances include roles in "The Electric Horseman" (1979), "Honeysuckle Rose" (1980), and "Barbarosa" (1982). These acting gigs have added a significant amount to Willie Nelson net worth.
Television Appearances
Nelson's char
UNDERSTANDING WHAT GREEN WASHING IS!.pdfJulietMogola
Many companies today use green washing to lure the public into thinking they are conserving the environment but in real sense they are doing more harm. There have been such several cases from very big companies here in Kenya and also globally. This ranges from various sectors from manufacturing and goes to consumer products. Educating people on greenwashing will enable people to make better choices based on their analysis and not on what they see on marketing sites.
Natural farming @ Dr. Siddhartha S. Jena.pptxsidjena70
A brief about organic farming/ Natural farming/ Zero budget natural farming/ Subash Palekar Natural farming which keeps us and environment safe and healthy. Next gen Agricultural practices of chemical free farming.
"Understanding the Carbon Cycle: Processes, Human Impacts, and Strategies for...MMariSelvam4
The carbon cycle is a critical component of Earth's environmental system, governing the movement and transformation of carbon through various reservoirs, including the atmosphere, oceans, soil, and living organisms. This complex cycle involves several key processes such as photosynthesis, respiration, decomposition, and carbon sequestration, each contributing to the regulation of carbon levels on the planet.
Human activities, particularly fossil fuel combustion and deforestation, have significantly altered the natural carbon cycle, leading to increased atmospheric carbon dioxide concentrations and driving climate change. Understanding the intricacies of the carbon cycle is essential for assessing the impacts of these changes and developing effective mitigation strategies.
By studying the carbon cycle, scientists can identify carbon sources and sinks, measure carbon fluxes, and predict future trends. This knowledge is crucial for crafting policies aimed at reducing carbon emissions, enhancing carbon storage, and promoting sustainable practices. The carbon cycle's interplay with climate systems, ecosystems, and human activities underscores its importance in maintaining a stable and healthy planet.
In-depth exploration of the carbon cycle reveals the delicate balance required to sustain life and the urgent need to address anthropogenic influences. Through research, education, and policy, we can work towards restoring equilibrium in the carbon cycle and ensuring a sustainable future for generations to come.
Artificial Reefs by Kuddle Life Foundation - May 2024punit537210
Situated in Pondicherry, India, Kuddle Life Foundation is a charitable, non-profit and non-governmental organization (NGO) dedicated to improving the living standards of coastal communities and simultaneously placing a strong emphasis on the protection of marine ecosystems.
One of the key areas we work in is Artificial Reefs. This presentation captures our journey so far and our learnings. We hope you get as excited about marine conservation and artificial reefs as we are.
Please visit our website: https://kuddlelife.org
Our Instagram channel:
@kuddlelifefoundation
Our Linkedin Page:
https://www.linkedin.com/company/kuddlelifefoundation/
and write to us if you have any questions:
info@kuddlelife.org
WRI’s brand new “Food Service Playbook for Promoting Sustainable Food Choices” gives food service operators the very latest strategies for creating dining environments that empower consumers to choose sustainable, plant-rich dishes. This research builds off our first guide for food service, now with industry experience and insights from nearly 350 academic trials.
2. OVERVIEW
• Definition of photosynthesis
• Importance of photosynthesis
• Site of photosynthesis
• Why are plants green?
• Light-dependent reaction
• Light-independent reaction
• Factors affecting
Photosynthesis
• Artificial Photosynthesis
• Conclusion
3. DEFINITION OF PHOTOSYNTHESIS
• Is the process by which autotrophic organisms use light
energy to make sugar and oxygen gas from carbon
dioxide and water.
• Occurs in plants, algae and some prokaryotes
• Anabolic (small molecules combined)
• Endergonic (stores energy)
• Stored as carbohydrate in their bodies.
4. IMPORTANCE OF PHOTOSYNTHESIS
Photosynthesis and Sun Energy:
• Harnesses the sun's energy into
utilizable forms of energy on earth.
• A process that most biological
organisms are unable to perform.
• ATP is used to power these
processes.
• Converts light energy into chemical
energy in the form of glucose.
• Then the process of cellular
respiration converts energy in
glucose to energy in the form of
ATP which is used to power
biological processes.
5. IMPORTANCE OF PHOTOSYNTHESIS
Photosynthesis and Carbon
Dioxide Removal:
• Converts carbon dioxide into
oxygen.
• During photosynthesis, carbon
dioxide leaves the atmosphere
and enters the plant and leaves
as oxygen.
• A process which is ecologically
and environmentally important
in nature.
6. IMPORTANCE OF PHOTOSYNTHESIS
Photosynthesis and the Ecosystem:
• The energy produced by photosynthesis forms the
basis of virtually all terrestrial and aquatic food
chains.
• As a result, photosynthesis is the ultimate source
of carbon in the organic molecules found in most
organisms.
• The high oxygen concentration in the atmosphere
is derived directly from the light reactions of
photosynthesis.
• Prior to the evolution of photosynthesis on earth,
the atmosphere was anoxic.
7. IMPORTANCE OF PHOTOSYNTHESIS
Photosynthesis and side products
• Solar energy, transformed by photosynthesis, is
the source of countless vegetable, animal and
organic side products.
• Wood is a very important material used as fuel
and in many fields including construction.
• Paper, cotton and other natural fibres consist of
cellulose produced almost entirely by
photosynthesizing plants.
• Wool depends on the energy sheep obtain from
grass, and photosynthesis.
8. Sites of Photosynthesis
• Photosynthesis occurs in chloroplasts, organelles in
certain plants
• All green plant parts have chloroplasts and carry out
photosynthesis
• The leaves have the most chloroplasts
• The green colour comes from chlorophyll in the
chloroplasts
• The pigments absorb light energy
9. Sites of Photosynthesis
• A chloroplast contains:
o stroma, a fluid
o grana, stacks of
thylakoids
• The thylakoids contain
chlorophyll
o Chlorophyll is the green
pigment that captures
light for photosynthesis
11. WHY ARE PLANTS GREEN?
• Plant cells have green
chloroplast. Chloroplast
• The thylakoid
membrane of the
chloroplast is
impregnated with
photosynthetic
pigments
(chlorophylls,
carotenoids).
12. WHY ARE PLANTS GREEN?
• Chlorophyll is located in the thylakoid membranes.
• Chlorophyll have Mg+ in the centre.
• Chlorophyll pigments harvest energy (photons) by
absorbing certain wavelengths
(blue-420 nm and red-660 nm are most important).
• Plants are green because the green wavelength is
reflected, not absorbed.
15. • Takes place in thylakoids (contain chlorophyll)
• Requires light
• Converts light energy into chemical energy
• Light independent reaction depends on the end
products ( reduced NADP and ATP) of light
dependent reaction.
16. • Involves two photosystems (P680, P 700 nm)
• These photosystems contains chlorophyll a and
chlorophyll b as well as accessory pigments.
• Flow of electron is non cyclic.
• Uses the photolysis of water
H2O 2H+ + 2e- + ½ O2
• End products are reduced NADP, ATP and O2
18. • Involves only photosystem 1 (at 700 nm)
• End product is ATP only
Photosystem 1
( 700nm)
2e-
ADP +
Pi
ATP
19. • Also known as calvin cycle
• Takes place in the stroma of the chloroplast
• No light required but need the end products (reduced
NADP and ATP) of light dependent reaction reduced
NADP and ATP to produce simple sugars.
• Need an enzyme RUBISCO ( Ribulose Biphosphate
Carboxylase) and carbon dioxide.
20. Unstable 6C
compound
CO2
2x Glycerate
Phosphate (3C)
Ribulose
biphosphate ( RuBP
– 5C)
2x Triose
phosphate (3C)
ADP
ATP NADP
ADP
ATP
Reduced
NADP
Catalyzed by RUBISCO
Glucose (6C),
amino acids and
lipids
21. Factors affecting Photosynthesis
• The rate of photosynthesis is defined in terms of the rate of
oxygen production per unit mass of green plant tissues or per
unit weight of total chlorophyll.
• The main factors are:
1. Light intensity
2. Wavelength
3. Carbon dioxide concentration
4. Temperature
5. Water supply
6. Chlorophyll Concentration
7. Pollution
22. 1. Light intensity
• The rate of photosynthesis would go up as intensity is increased.
• Because the more light a plant absorbs, the more photosynthesis
can occur, which will lead to the production of more ATP.
• However, very high intensity slows down the rate as it bleaches
the chlorophyll.
• Normal sunlight is quite sufficient for
a normal rate of photosynthesis.
23. 2. Wavelength
• Different colours of light can affect how much photosynthesis
can occur.
• Because only certain colours are absorbed. The more colour
that is absorbed, the more light that is absorbed, which will
lead to more photosynthesis, and eventually more ATP.
• Photosynthesis depends upon
the absorption of light by pigments
in the leaves of plants. The most
important of these is
chlorophyll-a.
24. 3. Carbon dioxide concentration
• As carbon dioxide concentrations rise, the rate at which sugars
are made by the light-independent reactions increases.
• In the atmosphere, the concentration of
carbon dioxide ranges from 0.03 to 0.04 %.
• However, it is found that 0.1% of carbon
dioxide in the atmosphere increases the rate
of photosynthesis significantly.
• This is done in greenhouses where
plants are grown under controlled
conditions obtaining CO2 from gas burners.
25. • The following graph shows how different concentrations of
CO2 affect the rate of photosynthesis.
3. Carbon dioxide concentration
26. 4. Temperature
• The temperature has an affect on the rate of photosynthesis.
• An optimum temperature ranging from 25oC to 35oC is
required for a good rate.
• At temperatures around 0oC the enzymes stop working and at
very high temperatures the enzymes are denatured.
27. • The graph shows the effect of temperature on the rate of
Photosynthesis.
4. Temperature
Optimum Temp.
28. 5. Water supply
• Water is an essential factor in
photosynthesis.
• The lack of water not only cause the plant
to wilt (and thereby lose its ability to
capture sunlight) but also limits the
quantity of carbon dioxide.
• This happens as when the leaves are dry,
they close their stomata in order to
conserve water being lost as water-
vapour through them.
29. 6. Chlorophyll Concentration
• The concentration of chlorophyll affects the rate of reaction as
they absorb the light energy needed for the reactions.
• Lack of chlorophyll or deficiency of
chlorophyll results in chlorosis or
yellowing of leaves.
• It can occur due to disease, mineral deficiency
or the natural process of aging (senescence).
• Lack of iron, magnesium, nitrogen and light
affect the formation of chlorophyll and
thereby causes chlorosis.
30. 7. Pollution
• Pollution of the atmosphere with industrial gases produces soot
that blocks stomata and reduce the transparency of the leaves.
• Other pollutants are ozone and sulphur dioxide. In fact, lichens
are very sensitive to sulphur dioxide in the atmosphere.
• Pollution of water affects the
hydrophytes. The capacity of water
to dissolve gases like carbon dioxide
and oxygen is greatly affected.
31. Artificial Photosynthesis
• It is a chemical process that replicates the natural process of
photosynthesis, using nanostructures.
• It refers to a scheme for capturing and storing the energy from
sunlight in the chemical bonds of a fuel (a solar fuel).
• Compared to current solar panel technology, in this
technology, molecular nanoparticles are cheaper, lighter, and
more environmentally sound.
• Artificial photosynthesis on a large
industrial scale could reverse global
warming since the process consumes
carbon dioxide and releases oxygen.
32. Conclusion
• All plants and animals are dependent on the sun for energy.
• This energy is made available to them by the process of
photosynthesis.
• Man, like other animals, is dependent on the plants for his food.
• No Photosynthesis = No Life
33. References
• http://www.tutorvista.com/content/biology/biology-ii/nutrition/factors-
affecting-photosynthesis.php 28March
• http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photosynthesis - 28 March
• http://wiki.answers.com/Q/What_factors_influence_the_rate_of_photosy
nthesis 28 March
• http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Artificial_photosynthesis 29 March
• http://www.stanford.edu/group/mota/education/Physics%2087N%20Final
%20Projects/Group%20Gamma/photo.htm - 29 March
• http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Artificial_photosynthesis -29 March
• www.ebps.net/cms/lib04/MA01000450/.../331/Photosynthesis.ppt-30
March
• www.clt.astate.edu/mhuss/Photosynthesis%20-%20Huss.ppt-30 March