The OECD predicts that by 2030 the bioeconomy will involve: 1) Advanced knowledge of genes and complex cell processes 2) Renewable biomass 3) Integration of biotechnology applications across sectors Emerging technologies discussed include genome sequencing, genetic engineering, synthetic biology, additive manufacturing, and their applications in biomedicine, agriculture, renewable chemicals and biomaterials.

1. Technical Session I
Current Global Trends in Emerging Technologies and
Approaches to Harness them for Development
Modern biotechnology

2. Year 2030 Bioeconomy
OECD: The bioeconomy in 2030 is likely to involve three elements:
1. advanced knowledge of genes and complex cell processes
2. renewable biomass
3. integration of biotechnology applications across sectors.
OECD = the Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development

3. 1. Fuel-cell vehicles *
2. Next-generation robotics
3. Recyclable thermoset plastic
4. Precise genetic-engineering techniques *
5. Additive manufacturing *
6. Emergent artificial intelligence
7. Distributed manufacturing
8. Sense and avoid drones
9. Neuromorphic technology
10. Digital genome *
http://www.scientificamerican.com/article/top-10-emerging-technologies-of-20151/?page=2
Top 10 Emerging Technologies of 2015

4. Advanced Knowledge of Gene: Molecular Technology
Blueprint of Life:
• DNA (Deoxyribonucleic acid): macromolecule made
up of small subunits called nucleotides (A,T,C,G)
• Genes: segment of DNA that determine specific traits
• Chromosomes: coiled strands of DNA
http://www.mayoclinic.org/tests-procedures/genetic-testing/multimedia/genetic-disorders/sls-20076216?s=1
Mutation: A change in the base sequence of DNA can affect the
structure and function of proteins
http://www.vce.bioninja.com.au/aos-3-heredity/molecular-genetics/mutations.html

5. Genome sequences
Bacteriophage MS2 Bases: 3,569
Chromosomes: 1
Saccharomyces cerevisiae
or Baker’s yeast
Bases: 12.1 million
Chromosomes: 32
Arabidopsis thaliana or
Arabidopsis
Bases: 119 million
Chromosomes: 5
Drosophila melanogaster or
Fruit fly
Bases: 165 million
Chromosomes: 4
Homo sapiens or Human Bases: 3.2 billion
Chromosomes: 23
http://www.yourgenome.org/facts/timeline-organisms-that-have-had-their-genomes-sequenced

6. DNA sequencing Technology
Sanger sequencing
• determine genetic code based on capillary
electrophoresis separating fragments of DNA by
size and sequences them by detecting the final
fluorescent base on each fragment
• time-consuming & expensive
Next-generation sequencing
• known as high-throughput parallel sequencing
• sequence larger amount of DNA
• generate massive data
• faster and cheaper than Sanger sequencing
http://www.slideshare.net/ueb52/introduction-to-next-generation-sequencing-v2

7. Third generation (gen-3)
• single-molecule sequencing technology platform
• sequence DNA directly-eliminating much of the sample preparation
• platform used DNA polymerase and nanopore technology
• detect ion current level
• suitable for diagnostic tools
http://www.genengnews.com/gen-articles/third-generation-sequencing-debuts/3257/?page=2
DNA sequencing Technology
https://sites.google.com/site/dnasequencingandtechnology/thirrd-generation-sequencing

8. DNA/genome sequences + digital technology = digital genome
Digital genome is the genetic make-up which can
be displayed in computer and shared via internet

9. DNA Barcode to identify and classify living things
http://ibol.org/about-us/what-is-dna-barcoding/
https://sg.idtdna.com/pages/decoded/decoded-articles/your-research/decoded/2012/06/15/barcoding-life

10. Pharmacogenomics in the pocket
Medicine safety code (MSC) exists from the knowledge of personal
genomic profiling and barcode technology to support clinical decision and
increase safety of medical treatment
http://jamia.oxfordjournals.org/content/20/3/409

11. Web-based platform “TraitAbility” for global vegetable industry.

12. DNA fingerprint is a set of DNA markers
Genetic markers are desirable genes that
are transmitted by the standard laws of
inheritance from one generation to the next.
Scientists use the genetic markers as a
shortcut for genetic studies.
Plant breeders use the marker assisted
selection to select desired traits.
Medical doctor use genetic markers for better
diagnosis and treatment.

13. Marker Assisted Selection for plant molecular breeding
http://www.nexsteppe.com/developing-sorghum-as-a-dedicated-energy-crop/
The breeder won’t have to wait until the next generation is fully grown to
select plants carrying the desired traits. The next generation can be
screened for the trait at any time

15. http://www.oriongenomics.com/products-biomarker-pipeline.html
Orion developed MethylScope®
and MethylScreenTM
technologies used to scan the
entire human genome to discover and validate novel cancer biomarkers.
Orion found 150 novel validated cancer biomarkers for 14 most common cancers

16. FoundationOne provides a fully informative genomic profile used as cancer
treatment decision tools by matching each patient with targeted
therapies and clinical trials that are relevant to the molecular changes in their
tumor based on the most recent scientific and medical research.

17. Personal genomic profiling leads to
• a clearer understanding of risk of genetic disease
• individualized treatments and targeted therapies
Explore DNA family’s origins • Early
prevention from
diseases
• talents
• medicament
response
• DNA proflie • family finder
$99 $99 499 euro $199 – 499 $99

18. Cancer biomarker
Chula GenePro provided
personalized diagnosis
services using molecular
technology and biomarker
research

19. Knowledge of molecular technology
leads to the needs to manipulate
genes for improvement
It involves the isolation,
manipulation and reintroduction of
DNA into cells or model organisms.
http://biologyboom.com/genetic-engineering/
One way to modify gene is “ genetic engineering ”
http://www.convergencerevolution.net/#!history/c1lw3

20. Aims to introduce new characteristics into organisms. For example,
• Make a crop resistant to herbicide, high yield
• Introducing a novel trait ex. drought resistance, resistance to diseases
• Producing a new protein or enzyme
http://www.biotech-now.org/food-and-agriculture/2014/10/get-to-know-gmos-month-continues-with-the-science-behind-gmos
Benefit of genetic engineering technology to agriculture

21. Leverage core capabilities in genomic platform
Agricultural seeds: GM, marker-assisted breeding, hybrid
Objectives: increase yield, diseases and weed control resistance, increase
Nutrition ex. SDA Omega-3 soybeans
Integrated farming systems: breeding technology + equipment technology
Technology focus area
• Plant biotechnology
• Plant breeding
• Protein and nucleic acid technology
• Precision agriculture
• Computational biology and bioinformatics
• Imaging and sensing
• Automation
• Ag chemistry, formulation & biologics

22. Aqua BountyTechnologies developed GM salmon by inserting genes from other
fish to an Atlantic Salmon. The gene contains a growth hormone gene from a
Chinook Salmon and a genetic “on switch” from a fish known as the Ocean
Pout

23. Genome + gene-targeting technology = precision
Genome editing or genome editing with engineered nucleases
(GEEN) is a type of genetic engineering in which DNA is inserted,
replaced, or removed from genome using artificially engineered
nucleases.
There are four families of engineered nucleases: zinc finger nucleases
(ZFNs), Transcription Activator-Like Effector Nucleases (TALENs), the
CRISPR/Cas system, and engineered meganuclease
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Genome_editing

24. CRISPR Gene Editing
CRISPR Cas9 or CRISPR associated protein 9
is an RNA-guided DNA endonuclease
enzyme associated with the CRISPR
(Clustered Regularly Interspersed Palindromic
Repeats). It is a system recognizes specific
patterns of DNA and then cut DNA into pieces.
This is the way that bacteria target specific
DNA.
In 2013 Dr. Zhang (MIT) and Dr. Church
(Harvard U.) modified this mechanism and turn
it into a powerful tool to cut human genomic
DNA at desired location.
Ability to cut DNA or genes at specific locations
allows ability to replace them with new or
repaired ones.

25. http://www.technologyreview.com/news/542616/first-gene-edited-dogs-reported-in-china/
Lai and Gao Xiang, two scientists at Nanjing
University, China use gene editing known as
CRISPR-Cas9 to create a beagle with
double the amount of muscle mass by
deleting a gene called myostatin.
These dogs are expected to have stronger
running ability. They are good for hunting and
military application.
DNA mutation in the myostatin gene can be
occurred naturally. The left dog lacks of
myostatin gene.
Genome editing technology:

26. DuPont partnered with Caribou Bioscience,
spin off company from U. California, Berkeley
for growing corn and wheat plants edited with
CRISPR in greenhouses and will do field trials
next spring. DuPont predicts CRISPR will
be on dinner plates within 5 years.
DuPont is testing CRISPR to make drought-
resistant corn and has a growing list of plants
types: soybeans, rice, and potatoes.
Now, US Department of Agriculture told
several companies that it will not regulate
these plants because they don’t contain genes
from other species.
http://www.technologyreview.com/news/542311/dupont-predicts-crispr-plants-on-dinner-plates-in-five-years/?
ref=rss&utm_source=pulsenews&utm_medium=referral

27. Genome editing technology:
a new technology to manipulate genes to produce better products by using
chemical compounds such as special enzymes and nucleic acids to genetically
modify genes or replacing targeted DNA parts.
Researcher at Japan’s Fisheries Research
Agency use genome editing technology
to improve the function of appetite-
regulating genes.
The enzyme is injected into tiger puffers
resulting tiger puffers have grown much
more cutting the raising period by half from
two to one year.
http://asia.nikkei.com/Japan-Update/New-tech-allows-scientists-to-develop-better-fishery-agricultural-products?page=1

28. Genomic knowledge leads to ability to design and build organisms or
novel biological systems.
1) The design and fabrication of
biological components and
systems that do not already exist
in the natural world (create
artificial life)
http://syntheticbiology.org/Abstraction_hierarchy.html
http://syntheticbiology.org/FAQ.html
2) The re-design and fabrication of
existing biological systems
(create a system that acts
unnaturally)
http://fmm.mbc.nctu.edu.tw/
http://syntheticbiology.org/FAQ.html
Synthetic biology

29. Custom built microbe
Use baker yeast to produce plant-based products:
• plant hormone ex. auxin
• painkilling drugs ex. Opium poppies
• anti-malarial drug ex. Artemisinin
• sweetener ex. Stevia
• flavor ex. vanilla
http://rebeccasthompson.com/2015/08/14/engineered-yeast-turns-sugar-into-painkiller/
http://www.washington.edu/news/2015/06/30/uw-team-programs-solitary-yeast-cells-to-say-hello-to-one-another/
Create viruses, without natural usual reproductive
method
Researchers from Novartis and J. Craig Venture Institute built H7N9
viruses from looking at the genetic code for vaccine production.
http://www.popsci.com/science/article/2013-05/flu-researchers-custom-make-vaccine-week

30. Develop biobased alternatives to petroleum-based products using
a combination of synthetic biology and chemistry
Plan to produce isobutanol for market application ex. Solvent, feedstocks
For the production of synthetic rubber, plastics, and polyesters
Cellulosic butanol technology
Robust yeast with metabolic pathway
change

31. LanzaTech use its in-house synthetic biology capability to engineer and develop
microbe for desired application.

32. Myriant produces renewable chemical using microorganisms with altered
metabolic pathway

34. DuPont developed bioprocess with
an engineered Escherichia coli
strain that converses glucose to
1,3-propanediol (PDO). The bio-
based PDO is more attractive than
petroleum-based for polymer and
chemical industries.
DuPont uses PDO to make its
Sorona (brand of polypropylene
terephthalate
http://pubs.acs.org/cen/coverstory/8126/8126greenchemistry.html

35. Cargill and Evolva will
introduce their sweetener
produced via fermentation
rather than from stevia leaf in
2016
Steviol glycosides extracted in the
stevia leaf with tiny quantities (less
than 0.5% by dry weight) is not
commercially viable.
Genetically engineered baker’s
yeast can convert sugars into
glycosides via fermentation.
EverSweet will be used in zero-
calorie cola, fruit waters, sweet teas,
lemon-lime sodas, etc.
http://www.cargill.com/news/new-zero-calorie-sweetener-hits-the-market/index.jsp

36. Thailand Bioresource Research Center (TBRC)

37. Renewable biomass
EU defines bioeconomy as sustainable production and conversion of
biomass for a range of food, health, fiber, industrial products and energy,
where renewable biomass encompasses any biological material to
be used as raw material

38. http://www.slideshare.net/Biorefinery/biotechnological-routes-to-biomass-conversion
2 related platforms to change biomass
into valuable products
• sugar platform (hydrolysis)
• thermochemical platform (gasification &
pyrolysis)

39. General Biomass company is developing advanced industrial enzyme which
convert nonfood cellulosic feedstocks to sugars for bioplastics, sustainable packaging,
renewable chemicals and biofuels. Advanced engineered enzymes include cellulase
and hemicellulase.
http://www.generalbiomass.com/aboutgb1.htm

40. Penn State researchers have developed a microbial electrolysis cell, called
BEAMR, to produce hydrogen. The process uses engineered bacteria to
break down organic material such as acetic acid and cellulose. A small external
burst of voltage aids in boosting hydrogen production.
http://www.technologyreview.com/news/409088/making-fuel-from-leftovers/
Bio-fuel cell: bio-hydrogen producer

41. Eiamburapa Co.Ltd. partnered with National Innovation of
Thailand (NIA) and NEDO of Japan invest on a pilot plant to
produce bioethanol from cassava pulp. Eiamburapa is a
starch company for export.
Pilot plant was established in 2014 and able to produce 800
liter/round with 30 million baht investment from
http://www.manager.co.th/Science/ViewNews.aspx?NewsID=9570000044942
NEDO = New Energy and Industry and Industrial Technology Development Organization

42. http://www.slideshare.net/patrickdixonfuturist/convergent-technologies-future-of-nanotech-biotech-and-digital-innovation-conference-keynote-speaker

43. Additive manufacturing
Additive manufacturing or known as 3D printing refers to various processes used
to synthesize a three-dimensional object.
http://techli.com/2012/07/organovo-bioprinting/#.
To print a 3D object, the manufacturer uses
a 3D computer-aided design (CAD)
program to create a digital model with very
thin cross-sections called layers. The 3D
printer builds up successive layers of material
until the object is finished.
http://3dprintingindustry.com/2013/08/01/nasa-awards-project-for-3d-bioprinting-anything-you-want/

44. 12 things produced by 3D bioprinter for medical purpose
1. Tissue with blood vessels
2. Low-cost Prosthetic parts
3. Drugs
4. Tailor-made sensors
5. Tumor models
6. Bone
7. Heart valve
8. Ear cartilage
9. Medical equipment
10. Cranium replacement
11. Synthetic skin
12. Organs
http://scienceroll.com/2015/02/19/twelve-things-we-can-3d-print-in-medicine-now/

45. Materialise is a leader in additive
manufacturing (AM) that has strength in
software design for 3D products.
• make the prototypes niche products.
• innovation tool for biomedical research
FDA approved the first non-metal 3D printed
polymer for human implantation.
http://www.3dprinter.net/anatomical-heartprint-from-materialise
Medical image data  virtual reconstruction  3D printed result
Biomedical
engineering
software and
service
Surgical
solution for
surgeons
Webinar: accurate
evaluation of implant
placement

46. Organovo designs and creates
functional 3D human tissues,
called exVive3DTM
, for use in medical
research and therapeutic applications.
This can accelerate the drug
discovery process with lower
cost.
http://www.organovo.com/tissues-services/exvive3d-human-tissue-models-services-research/exvive3d-liver-tissue-performance/
Organovo offers contract testing
services utilizing exVive3DTM
liver models. The model is used
to provide predictive liver tissue-
specific toxicity marker
assessment as a supplement to
in vitro and preclinical (non-GLP)
animal testing
Organova partnered with Uniquest to grow
kidney tissue from induced pluripotent stem cells
(iPSCs) for drug screening, disease modeling
and cell therapy

47. Startup company designs bone using bone
multipotent stem cell, nutrient for cell,
biomaterial, CT-scan, and implantation

48. Researchers at Biological Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, King Mongkut’s
University of Technology Thonburi developed cell sheet engineering.
Stem cells are cultivated on temperature-responsive polymer. During the
cultivation, polymer at 37 Celsius becomes hydrophobic and when the
temperature is decreased into 20 Celsius, polymer becomes hydrophilic and
separate from tissues. Tissue will be used for transplantation.
http://www.bioeng.kmutt.ac.th/en/program
Tissue engineering

49. LemnaTec developed research platform for digital plant
phenotyping by combining software systems
for data collection, image processing and data
analysis with reliable hardware platform.
High-throughput plant phenotyping and data accumulation

50. Smart Agriculture
Sensors for
• temperature
• moisture
• carbon dioxide
• hydrogen
• photosynthesis

51. http://applications.nam.lighting.philips.com/blog/index.php/2014/05/12/philips-develops-new-led-light-recipes-for-indoor-farming/
Philips & Green Sense Farms (GSF) develop indoor farming with LED
“Light recipes” that help optimize crop yield and quality

52. Precision farming at GranMonte Smart Vineyard
Multi-function and multi-dimension sensors assist the farmers to monitor the
vineyard closely from the internet or mobile phone.
• The weather sensors monitor humidity, temperature, mass movement of the air, rain
accumulation and sunlight energy in vineyard.
• The soil sensors measure the humidity and temperature of soil around the vines area.
• Video image array help vintners to follow through the activities in vineyard.
• Electronic nose is employed to track the soil chemical conditions and aroma molecules.
GPS tracking is employed to optimize energy and input
http://nanotech.sc.mahidol.ac.th/121229182259p/i-sense/smartvineyard_eng.html

53. AYUBOVON
KHOB KHUN KHA
Technology is a core innovation driver