The document discusses various products and applications of modern biotechnology. It notes that over 65% of US biotech companies are involved in pharmaceutical production, with the first approved biotech drug being human insulin developed by Genentech in 1982 to treat diabetes. It provides examples of biotech drugs, vaccines, diagnostics, and those in development targeting over 200 diseases. The document also summarizes applications of biotechnology in areas such as agriculture, forensics, environment, aquaculture, and medicine.
Hi all! I used different references for this. The link for pros and cons is here.
Reference for pros and cons : https://vittana.org/11-biotechnology-pros-and-cons
It discuss about early life, CAREER, BIOTECHNOLOGY AND HIM, THE STORY, THE EVOLUTION OF BIOTECHNOLOGY, HE CLASSIFIED Biotechnology IN…CONTRIBUTIONS & conclusion
This presentation gives an brief idea about the applications of genetic engineering which is of at most importance to humans. Provided along with this slide is an example which makes it easier to understand the concept.
Hi all! I used different references for this. The link for pros and cons is here.
Reference for pros and cons : https://vittana.org/11-biotechnology-pros-and-cons
It discuss about early life, CAREER, BIOTECHNOLOGY AND HIM, THE STORY, THE EVOLUTION OF BIOTECHNOLOGY, HE CLASSIFIED Biotechnology IN…CONTRIBUTIONS & conclusion
This presentation gives an brief idea about the applications of genetic engineering which is of at most importance to humans. Provided along with this slide is an example which makes it easier to understand the concept.
I. To have a better view and knowledge about the definition of Modern Biotechnology
II. To appreciate the importance of Modern Biotechnology
III. Applications of Modern Biotechnology
IV. To know some notable Products of Modern Biotechnology
V. Modern Biotechnology under different areas(overview)
The wide concept of "biotech" or "biotechnology" encompasses a wide range of procedures for modifying living organisms according to human purposes, going back to domestication of animals, cultivation of plants, and "improvements" to these through breeding programs that employ artificial selection and hybridication.
I. To have a better view and knowledge about the definition of Modern Biotechnology
II. To appreciate the importance of Modern Biotechnology
III. Applications of Modern Biotechnology
IV. To know some notable Products of Modern Biotechnology
V. Modern Biotechnology under different areas(overview)
The wide concept of "biotech" or "biotechnology" encompasses a wide range of procedures for modifying living organisms according to human purposes, going back to domestication of animals, cultivation of plants, and "improvements" to these through breeding programs that employ artificial selection and hybridication.
A genetically modified organism (GMO) is any organism whose genetic material has been altered using genetic engineering techniques. The exact definition of a genetically modified organism and what constitutes genetic engineering varies, with the most common being an organism altered in a way that "does not occur naturally by mating and/or natural recombination".[1] A wide variety of organisms have been genetically modified (GM), including animals, plants, and microorganisms.
Genetic modification can include the introduction of new genes or enhancing, altering, or knocking out endogenous genes. In some genetic modifications, genes are transferred within the same species, across species (creating transgenic organisms), and even across kingdoms.
Creating a genetically modified organism is a multi-step process. Genetic engineers must isolate the gene they wish to insert into the host organism and combine it with other genetic elements, including a promoter and terminator region and often a selectable marker. A number of techniques are available for inserting the isolated gene into the host genome. Recent advancements using genome editing techniques, notably CRISPR, have made the production of GMOs much simpler. Herbert Boyer and Stanley Cohen made the first genetically modified organism in 1973, a bacterium resistant to the antibiotic kanamycin. The first genetically modified animal, a mouse, was created in 1974 by Rudolf Jaenisch, and the first plant was produced in 1983. In 1994, the Flavr Savr tomato was released, the first commercialized genetically modified food. The first genetically modified animal to be commercialized was the GloFish (2003) and the first genetically modified animal to be approved for food use was the AquAdvantage salmon in 2015.
The presentation is about the introduction, usage, benefits and disadvantages of biological techniques through we are producing genetically modified foods
spektrofotometer serapan (SSA) adalah alat analisis logam yang paling diandalkan saat ini. spektrofotometer serapan atom terbagi menjadi dua jenis, yaitu :
The Roman Empire A Historical Colossus.pdfkaushalkr1407
The Roman Empire, a vast and enduring power, stands as one of history's most remarkable civilizations, leaving an indelible imprint on the world. It emerged from the Roman Republic, transitioning into an imperial powerhouse under the leadership of Augustus Caesar in 27 BCE. This transformation marked the beginning of an era defined by unprecedented territorial expansion, architectural marvels, and profound cultural influence.
The empire's roots lie in the city of Rome, founded, according to legend, by Romulus in 753 BCE. Over centuries, Rome evolved from a small settlement to a formidable republic, characterized by a complex political system with elected officials and checks on power. However, internal strife, class conflicts, and military ambitions paved the way for the end of the Republic. Julius Caesar’s dictatorship and subsequent assassination in 44 BCE created a power vacuum, leading to a civil war. Octavian, later Augustus, emerged victorious, heralding the Roman Empire’s birth.
Under Augustus, the empire experienced the Pax Romana, a 200-year period of relative peace and stability. Augustus reformed the military, established efficient administrative systems, and initiated grand construction projects. The empire's borders expanded, encompassing territories from Britain to Egypt and from Spain to the Euphrates. Roman legions, renowned for their discipline and engineering prowess, secured and maintained these vast territories, building roads, fortifications, and cities that facilitated control and integration.
The Roman Empire’s society was hierarchical, with a rigid class system. At the top were the patricians, wealthy elites who held significant political power. Below them were the plebeians, free citizens with limited political influence, and the vast numbers of slaves who formed the backbone of the economy. The family unit was central, governed by the paterfamilias, the male head who held absolute authority.
Culturally, the Romans were eclectic, absorbing and adapting elements from the civilizations they encountered, particularly the Greeks. Roman art, literature, and philosophy reflected this synthesis, creating a rich cultural tapestry. Latin, the Roman language, became the lingua franca of the Western world, influencing numerous modern languages.
Roman architecture and engineering achievements were monumental. They perfected the arch, vault, and dome, constructing enduring structures like the Colosseum, Pantheon, and aqueducts. These engineering marvels not only showcased Roman ingenuity but also served practical purposes, from public entertainment to water supply.
Instructions for Submissions thorugh G- Classroom.pptxJheel Barad
This presentation provides a briefing on how to upload submissions and documents in Google Classroom. It was prepared as part of an orientation for new Sainik School in-service teacher trainees. As a training officer, my goal is to ensure that you are comfortable and proficient with this essential tool for managing assignments and fostering student engagement.
Welcome to TechSoup New Member Orientation and Q&A (May 2024).pdfTechSoup
In this webinar you will learn how your organization can access TechSoup's wide variety of product discount and donation programs. From hardware to software, we'll give you a tour of the tools available to help your nonprofit with productivity, collaboration, financial management, donor tracking, security, and more.
Biological screening of herbal drugs: Introduction and Need for
Phyto-Pharmacological Screening, New Strategies for evaluating
Natural Products, In vitro evaluation techniques for Antioxidants, Antimicrobial and Anticancer drugs. In vivo evaluation techniques
for Anti-inflammatory, Antiulcer, Anticancer, Wound healing, Antidiabetic, Hepatoprotective, Cardio protective, Diuretics and
Antifertility, Toxicity studies as per OECD guidelines
Read| The latest issue of The Challenger is here! We are thrilled to announce that our school paper has qualified for the NATIONAL SCHOOLS PRESS CONFERENCE (NSPC) 2024. Thank you for your unwavering support and trust. Dive into the stories that made us stand out!
Model Attribute Check Company Auto PropertyCeline George
In Odoo, the multi-company feature allows you to manage multiple companies within a single Odoo database instance. Each company can have its own configurations while still sharing common resources such as products, customers, and suppliers.
2024.06.01 Introducing a competency framework for languag learning materials ...Sandy Millin
http://sandymillin.wordpress.com/iateflwebinar2024
Published classroom materials form the basis of syllabuses, drive teacher professional development, and have a potentially huge influence on learners, teachers and education systems. All teachers also create their own materials, whether a few sentences on a blackboard, a highly-structured fully-realised online course, or anything in between. Despite this, the knowledge and skills needed to create effective language learning materials are rarely part of teacher training, and are mostly learnt by trial and error.
Knowledge and skills frameworks, generally called competency frameworks, for ELT teachers, trainers and managers have existed for a few years now. However, until I created one for my MA dissertation, there wasn’t one drawing together what we need to know and do to be able to effectively produce language learning materials.
This webinar will introduce you to my framework, highlighting the key competencies I identified from my research. It will also show how anybody involved in language teaching (any language, not just English!), teacher training, managing schools or developing language learning materials can benefit from using the framework.
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This slides describes the basic concepts of ICT, basics of Email, Emerging Technology and Digital Initiatives in Education. This presentations aligns with the UGC Paper I syllabus.
1. Products of Modern
Biotechnology
•There are a wide variety of products that the biotechnology
field has produced.
•More than 65% of biotech companies in the U.S. are
involved in pharmaceutical production (relating to drugs
developed for medical use).
•1982 - Genentech developed
Humulin (human insulin) to
treat diabetes.
•It was the first biotech drug
to be FDA approved.
2. Products of Modern
Biotechnology
•There are more than
80 biotech drugs,
vaccines, and
diagnostics with more
than 400 biotech
medicines in
development targeting
over 2oo diseases!
•Nearly 1/2 of new
drugs target cancer
3. Top 10 Selling Biotech Drugs
Drug Developer Function
Betaseron Chiron/Berlex Multiple sclerosis
Ceredase Genzyme Gaucher’s disease
Engerix B Genentech Hepatitis B vaccine
Epiver GlaxoSmithKlein Anti-HIV
Epogen Amgen Red blood cell enhancement
Genotropin Genentech Growth failure
Humulin Genentech Diabetes
Intron Biogen Cancer & viral infections
Neupogen Amgen Neutropenia reduction
Procrit Amgen Platelet enhancement
4. Biotech Laboratory
•Most widely used biotech products are
recombinant proteins (produced by
gene cloning in cell culture)
•Cell culture refers to the technique of
growing cells in a lab under controlled
conditions; similar to in vitro
•“in vitro” refers to working in a
controlled environment outside of a
living organism
•Bioreactors (large culturing
“containers” where DNA of interest can
be mass produced) are also used
5. Biotech Treatments
•In the near future, it may be
commonplace for treatments to
include the use of gene therapy
(attempt to replace “defective” gene
with “normal” gene) and tissue
engineering (designing & growing
tissues for use in regenerative
medicines).
•1st Genetically Modified Organism
(GMO) to produce human protein was
E. coli (pictured right) that was given
DNA to produce somatostatin (hGH
-human growth hormone - 1977)
6. tPA
•One of the first
genetically engineered
(GE) products sold was
tissue plasminogen
activator (tPA)
•tPA is a blood clot
dissolving enzyme used
immediately after a heart
attack or stroke to clear
blocked vessels
7. Pharmaceuticals
•According to Biotech
Industry Organization
(2005), New Jersey is the
5th leading state in the
U.S. in terms of number
of biotech companies
•California,
Massachusetts, North
Carolina, & Maryland are
the only higher ranked
states
8. Other Biotech Products
• Other biotech products include
proteins in:
• home pregnancy tests
(monoclonal antibodies)
• frost-resistant strawberry
plants
• Although many are focused on
medical and agricultural
applications, some are for our
own fashion interests (specialty
apparel)!
9. Genes for Jeans?
• Stonewashed jeans use
genetically engineered
enzymes (amylase &
cellulase) to create a
faded look
• Originally, pumice
stones were used (jeans
washed with the stones)
• This method damaged
the machines
10. Current Applications of
Biotech
Before going in-depth with a few areas of biotech research, it
is important to gain a brief understanding of the many
applications of biotechnological advancements.
• Microbial
• Agricultural
• Animal
• Forensic
• Environmental
• Aquatic
• Medical
11. Microbial Applications
• Bacteria & yeast are the most
frequently used microbes
• Better enzymes and organisms
for making foods, simplifying
manufacture and production
processes, and making
decontamination processes for
industrial waste product removal
more efficient.
• Microbes used to clone and
produce batch amounts of
important proteins
12. Agricultural Applications
•Agricultural Biotechnology is
estimated to be $6 billion market
(2005), including applications such
as:
• Pest-resistant plants
• Higher protein & vitamin content
in foods
• Drugs developed and grown as
plant products
• Drought-resistant, cold-tolerant,
and higher-yielding crops
13. Plant Advantage
• The Ag-Biotech field boasts
about the plant advantage over
microbial biotech.
• Plant advantage refers to the
fact that the cost of producing
plant material with recombinant
proteins is often significantly
lower than bacteria
• Also, the Ag biotech may
combine with medical biotech in
order to produce drugs with
molecular pharming
14. Molecular Pharming
• Molecular pharming is the
use of genetically modified
plants (or animals) as a source of
pharmaceutical products.
• These are usually recombinant
proteins with a therapeutic
value.
• This is an emerging but very challenging field that requires:
•manipulation (at the genetic engineering level) of protein
glycosylation (addition of polysaccharide chain)
•subcellular protein targeting in plant cells
15. Animal Applications
•Animals can be used as
bioreactors!
•Many human therapeutic
proteins are needed in massive
quantities (>100s of kgs), so
scientists create female
transgenic animals to express
therapeutic proteins in milk.
• Goats, cattle, sheep, & chickens are sources of antibodies
(protective proteins that recognize & destroy foreign material)
•Transgenic refers to containing genes from another source
16. Knock Outs
• Basic research in biotech uses
knock-out experiments, which are
very helpful for learning about the
function of a gene.
• A knock-out is created when an
active gene is replaced with DNA
that has no functional information.
• Without the gene present, it may
be possible to determine how the
gene affects the organism (its
function)
17. Dolly
In 1996, Dolly the sheep became the first cloned animal
created by the somatic cell nuclear transfer process.
• Born: July 5, 1996
• Announced: February 22, 1997
• Died: February 14, 2003
• Dolly was cloned from a cell
taken from a six-year-old ewe
• She became the center of much
controversy that still exists
today
18. Forensic Applications
•DNA fingerprinting is the classic example of a forensic
application. It is used most commonly for law enforcement
and crime scene investigation (CSI).
•It was first used in 1987 to convict a rapist in England.
•Other applications of DNA
fingerprinting include:
• identifying human remains
• paternity tests
• endangered species (reduces
poaching)
• epidemiology (spread of disease )
19. Environmental Applications
• The major environmental use is for bioremediation.
• Bioremediation is the use of biotech to process or
degrade a variety of natural and manmade products,
especially those contributing to pollution
• Therefore, cleaning up environmental
hazards produced by industrial progress
is a major application of this type of
biotechnology.
• There is a strong tie to microbial
biotech (since many microbes are
helpful for this area).
20. Oil Spill
•In the 1970s, the first U.S. GMO patent was granted to a
scientist for a strain of bacteria capable of degrading
components in crude oil.
•In 1989, the Exxon
Valdez oil spill in
Alaska used
Pseudomonas
species (oil-degrading
bacteria)
to clean up the spill
•It was 3x faster &
without increased
environmental effects
21. Aquatic Applications
•Aquaculture is a common aquatic application of biotech.
•Aquaculture is the process of raising finfish or shellfish in
controlled conditions for food sources.
• Products include:
• transgenic salmon (increased
growth rates)
•disease-resistant oysters
• vaccines against viruses that
infect aquatic species
•Overall, aquatic organisms are thought to be rich & valuable
sources for new genes, proteins, & metabolic processes.
22. Medical Applications
• Medical applications of biotech include preventative,
diagnostic, and treatment.
• The Human Genome Project is very useful within this field.
• Gene therapy and stem cell
technologies are two up-and-coming
fields within the medical area
of biotech.
• Stem cell technologies include
immature cells that have the potential
to develop and specialize into a
variety of other cell types.
23. Stem Cells
• Different chemicals
can coax them to
develop into different
cell types.
• Newest, most
promising area
• Most controversial