This document provides information on various vitamins and vitamin deficiencies. It discusses the causes of folate deficiency including alcoholism, oral contraceptives, and low dietary intake. It describes the signs and symptoms of hypervitaminosis A as headache, hepatomegaly, anorexia, alopecia, and painful bones. The names of the B vitamins are listed in order from thiamine to cobalamin. Symptoms of infantile beriberi are also described. Niacin deficiency signs are listed as the "4 D's" of diarrhea, dermatitis, dementia, and death if untreated. Vitamins A, D, E, and K are identified as the fat-soluble vitamins.

1. Vitamins
Folate deficiency: causes
A FOLIC DROP:
 Alcoholism
 Folic acid antagonists
 Oral contraceptives
 Low dietary intake
 Infection with Giardia
 Celiac sprue
 Dilatin
 Relative folate deficiency
 Old
 Pregnant
Hypervitaminosis A: signs and symptoms
“Increased Vitamin A makes you HARD“:
 Headache/ Hepatomegaly
 Anorexia/ Alopecia
 Really painful bones
 Dry skin/ Drowsiness
B vitamin names
“The Rhythm Nearly Proved Contagious”:
In increasing order:
 Thiamine (B1)
 Riboflavin (B2)
 Niacin (B3)
 Pyridoxine (B6)
 Cobalamin (B12)
Infantile Beriberi symptoms
Restlessness
Sleeplessness
Breathlessness

2. Soundlessness (aphonia)
Eatlessness (anorexia)
Great heartedness (dilated heart)
Alternatively: Get 5 of ’em with BERI: Breathless/ Big hearted, Eatless, Restless, Insomnia.
Niacin deficiency: signs and symptoms
The famous 4 D’s:
 Diarrhoea
 Dermatitis
 Dementia
 Death (if untreated)
Vitamin B3 (niacin, nicotinic acid) deficiency: pellagra
The 3 D‘s of pellagra:
 Dermatitis
 Diarrhea
 Dementia
Note vitamin B3 is the 3 D’s.
Vitamins: which are fat soluble
KADE:
 Vitamin K
 Vitamin A
 Vitamin D
 Vitamin E
Vitamins: which are fat soluble
“The FAT cat is in the ADEK (attic)”:

3. Fat soluble vitamins are A,D,E,K.