This document outlines lectures for a pharmacology module on blood and related topics. Lecture 1 discusses second-line antituberculosis drugs, including their mechanisms of action and adverse effects. Lecture 2 covers antihistamines, including what causes allergies, the structure and synthesis of histamine, antihistamine receptors and classes, and the adverse effects of antihistamines. Lecture 3 defines immunomodulants and classifies immunostimulant drugs. Lecture 4 discusses immunosuppressants, including glucocorticoids, drugs interfering with lymphocyte proliferation, TNF-α binding drugs, and immunosuppressive antibodies. Lectures 5 and 7 cover antiviral and antiretroviral

1. Pharmacology Lecture outlines week-07 Blood Module
SEMESTER I M.B.B.S (2013-14),SMC, JSMU
Lecture 1
Antimycobacterial agents class II drugs (Lecture 3 ofweek 6)
LEARNING OBJECTIVES
Describe the mechanisms of action, use, and adverse effects of 2nd line Anti-
tuberculosis drugs.
List of drugs:
Ethionamide
Capreomycin
Cycloserine
Aminosalicylic Acid
Kenamycin & Levofloxacin
Rifabutin
Clofazamine
Lecture 2
Histamines/Anti-Histamines:
LEARNING OBJECTIVES
By the end of the lecture the student should be ableto discuss the following
aboutanti-histamines:
1. What is an antihistamine?
2. What causes allergies and what are they, what is histamine?
3. Define the structure of Histamine.
4. How Histamine is synthesized.

2. 5. Describe various receptors of Histamine.
6. History of anti-histamines
7. What are various classes of anti-histamines?
8. Future of antihistamines and allergy treatment in general
9. What are clinical uses of anti-histamines?
10. List the adverse side effects of anti-histamines.
Lecture 3
Immunomodulants
LEARNING OBJECTIVES
By the end of the lecture the students should be able to:
1. Define Immunomodulants
2. Classify different immunostimulant drugs.
3. Understand the action and uses of different immunostimulant agents.

3. Lecture 4
Immunosuppressants
LEARNING OBJECTIVES
By the end of the lecture, students should be able to know:
* Introduction and clinical importance of immunosuppressants.
* Classification of immunosuppressant drugs.
* Properties and systemic actions of glucocorticoids.
* Adverse effects and clinical uses of glucocorticoids as immunosuppressant.
* Pharmacokinetics and dynamics of the drugs interfering lymphocyte
proliferation.
* Side effects and clinical uses of these agents.
* Pharmacokinetics and dynamics of TNF-α binding drugs.
* Clinical uses of these drugs.
* Properties and clinical uses of immunosuppressive antibodies.
* Basic pharmacology and clinical uses of cytotoxic drugs.
* Adverse effects of cytotoxic agents.

4. Lecture 5 and 7
I)Antiviral Agents
LEARNING OBJECTIVES
By the end of the lecture, students should be able to know:
 Introduction to antiviral drugs.
 Mechanism of action.
 Structure and composition of viruses.
 Phases of viral replication and development of drugs targeting those.
 Classification of viruses.
 Classification of antiviral drugs.
 Study of individual drugs.
 Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of different antiviral drugs.
II)Antiretroviral Drugs
LEARNING OBJECTIVES
By the end of the lecture, students should be able to know:
* Introduction to antiretroviral agents.
* Classification.
* Study of individual drugs.
* Mode of action of different agents.
* Clinical application of different agents.
* Side effects and drug interactions.

5. Lecture 6 and 8
I)CancerChemotherapy (overview). Mechanism& resistance to
chemotherapeutic agents.
II)Anticancer Agents:
LEARNING OBJECTIVES
 Understand cancer basics.
 Understand the models of tumor growth.
 Be able to describe and define cell cycle, doubling time and
growth fraction.
 Know the drugs discussed in lecture, their drug classes and
mechanisms of action, their major uses, dose-limiting toxicities,
and notable ADME characteristics.
 Understand the rationale of treatment scheduling and
combination therapy.
 Understand limitations of therapy due to heterogeneity, resistance
of tumors, patient status, etc.
Outline
 Clinical scope & Cancer concepts
 Cancer chemotherapeutics
• Alkylating agents
• Antimetabolites
• Antibiotics
• Antimitotic agents
• Misc
 Molecular targeted treatments
 Hormones