This document provides information on water soluble vitamins. It discusses that vitamins are micronutrients necessary for healthy human functioning. There are two types of vitamins - fat soluble and water soluble. The document then summarizes several key water soluble vitamins (Vitamin C, B1, B2, B3, B5, B6, B9, B12), describing their active forms, functions, food sources, deficiency symptoms, and toxicity risks for each one. Comparative daily requirements for the B vitamins are also listed.

1. BY : GAURAV MATHUR
AND AASHNA CHAUHAN
BATCH 2016
WATER SOLUBLE
vitamins

2. VITAMINS
The name VITAMINE was proposed in 1911 by Polish Chemist
CASIMER FUNK for the nutrient compound required to prevent the
nutritional deficiency disease BERI BERI.
Because of its Vital (VITA= LIFE) need and because chemically it was
found to be AMINE .Later letter “E” was dropped on discovery of other
Vitamins which were not Amines .
• VITAMINS are *Micronutrients*
which are necessary for everyday healthy functioning of the body and
includes 14 compounds which cannot be synthesised by human beings
therefore they must be supplied through food

3. VITAMINS
• FAT SOLUBLE WATER SOLUBLE
• Vitamin A Non B-complex Vitamin B-complex
• Vitamin D Vitamin C Energy releasing Hematopoitic
• Vitamin E Thiamin B1 Folic acid B9
• Vitamin K Riboflavin B2 Cyanocobalamin B12
Niacin B3
Pantothenic acid B5
Pyridoxine B6
Biotin B7

5. VITAMIN C (ASCORBIC ACID)
It is water soluble vitamin that is most sensitive to heat .Man Monkey and
guinea pig are the only specie known to require it in diet as we lack
enzyme GLUCONOLACTONE OXIDASE
 Plays a role in Iron and hemoglobin metabolism.
 Takes part in the metabolic reactions of tryptophan, tyrosine, folic acid and
cholesterol.
 Enhances the synthesis of immunoglobulins and increases their phagocytic action.
 Also acts as a strong biological antioxidant.
 It is needed for the formation of COLLAGEN which accounts for 25% of total
body protein

6. • Sources:
• Citrus juices and fruits example AMLA
• tomatoes
• Berries
• Potatoes with skins
• Green and red peppers
• Broccoli
• Spinach
Requirement: 40-60mg
• Toxicity:
• Excessive doses of vitamin C can cause diarrhea,
nausea,abdominal cramps,headache, fatigue,hot flashes, rashes
in the skin, aggravation of gout symptoms.
• Deficiency:
Scurvy

7. VITAMIN B1 (THIAMINE)
Active form of Thiamine is THIAMINE PYRO
PHOSPHATE (TPP)
• Thiamine is required for Carbohydrate Metabolism
• Thiamine pyrophosphate(TPP), the coenzyme of
cocarboxylase plays a part in activating transketolase,
an enzyme in the direct oxidative pathway of glucose

8. Sources-
Wheat, Rice, Almonds, Groundnut, Milk’s cow, Mutton
Deficiency-
1. Beri-beri
a. Dry form- nerve involvement(peripheral neuritis)
b. Wet form- heart involvement(cardiac beriberi)
c. Infantile beriberi-infants between 2 and 4 months of age
2. Wenick’s encephalopathy(seen in alcoholics)-
Opthalmoplegia
Polyneuritis
Ataxia
Mental deterioration

9. VITAMIN B2 (RIBOFLAVIN)
• RIBOFLAVIN is a yellow compound (Flavin means Yellow) .It has 2 Active forms
1. FLAVIN MONONUCLEOTIDE (FMN)
2. FLAVIN ADENINE DINUCLEOTIDE (FAD)
• Fundamental role in cellular oxidation
• Maintain integrity of mucosal epithelial and ocular tissue
• Involved in antioxidant activity

10. Sources-
Liver, sheep, meat, whole cereals, milled cereals, pulses, leafy
vegetables
Deficiency-
• Angular stomatitis
• Cheilosis
• Glossitis
• Nasolabial dyssebacia

11. VITAMIN B3(NIACIN)
NIACIN is general name for Nicotinic Acid and it active form is
1. NICOTINAMIDE ADENINE DINUCLEOTIDE (NAD)
2. NICOTINAMIDE ADENINE DINUCLEOTIDE PHOSPHATE (NADP)
• Essential for metabolism of carbohydrate, fat, and protein.
• Normal functioning of skin, intestinal and nervous systems.
Sources-
Liver, kidney, poultry, fish, legumes, and groundnut

12.  Toxicity:
 An imbalance of other important B vitamins
 Liver damage and stomach ulcers
 "Niacin flush“
 Deficiency:
First symptoms
 Muscular weakness
 Inability to eat
 Indigestion
 Skin problems
 Canker sores
 Vomiting
 Depression
Worst form of deficiency
 Pellagra (Diarrhea ,Dermatitis ,Dementia )

13. VITAMIN B5 (PANTOTHENIC ACID)
PANTOTHENIC ACID name is derived from the Greek
word “Pantethine” meaning from “everywhere” . It is
also known as chick anti-dermatitis factor or filtrate
factor,
The functions of pantothenic acid are exerted through
coenzyme A or CoA.
CoA is the central molecule involved in all the metabolisms
(carbohydrate, lipid and protein), acting as the carrier of
activated acetyl or acyl groups.

14. • Sources
• Eggs Liver Yeast Wheat germs Cereals are some important
sources though the vitamin is widely available
• Deficiency
Burning Feet Syndrome (Neurological condition in severely
malnourished)
Experimentally induced deficiency are
• Paraesthesia
• Headache
• Dizzinesss
GIT malfunction

15. VITAMINE B6(PYRIDOXINE)
• It consist of 3 closely related pyridine derivetives 1.PYRIDOXINE
2.PYRIDOXAL 3.PYRIDOXAMINE
• Its active form is PYRIDOXAL PHOSPHATE (PLP)
• PLP acts as coenzyme in large number of reaction of Amino acid metabolism
• Leads to production of GABA ,Serotonin ,Melatonine ,Histamine ,Dopamine etc

16. • SOURCES
Unrefined cereals Pulses Meat
Poultry fish, Potatoes
• Deficiency
1. Depression
2. Nervousness
3. Demylination of Nerve
4. Hypochromic Microcytic
Anaemia

17. VITAMIN B9 (FOLIC ACID,FOLATE)
• The Active form of Folate is TETRA HYDRO
FOLATE (THF)
• THF acts as carrier of 1 carbon compounds
• Promote cell growth and division — including
that of the red blood cells that help prevent
anemia
• Play role is Catabolism of Histidine and
Synthesis of Purine

18. •Sources:
Leafy greens such as spinach and turnip greens
• Broccoli
• Asparagus
• Mushrooms
• Liver
Deficiency:
Folate deficiency can cause
• Diarrhea,
• Megaloblastic Anaemia
• Loss of appetite,
• Weight loss,
• Sore tongue

19. VITAMIN B12 (COBALAMINE)
• Vitamin B12 is complex Organo Mettalic compound with
COBALT atom
• Its Active forms are METHYLCOBALAMINE &
DEOXYADENOSYLCOBALAMINE
• It cordinates with Folate in synthesis of DNA
• Synthesis of Fatty Acids in myelin
• Conversion of Homocysteine to Methionine

20. Sources:
 Meat
 Eggs
 Cheese
 Chicken Fish
Deficiency :
• Pernicious Anemia
• Megaloblastic Anemia
• Neuropathy

21. COMPARITIVE REQUIREMENT OF VITAMIN B
VITB1, 1.5mg
VITB2, 1.7mg
VitB3 20mg
VITB5, 10mg
VITB6,
2mg
VIT B9, 0.2mg VITB12, 0.03mg

22. • A dream doesn’t become reality through
magic, It takes sweat determination and
Hardwork –Colin Powell