The document discusses the past, present and future of mobile learning. It provides a brief history of mobile technologies from 1984 onwards. It also discusses challenges of evaluating mobile learning and implementing mobile devices in education. Looking ahead, it speculates about new technologies like RFID and augmented reality and how they may impact mobile learning in the future.

1. Whats all this text? For those reading these slides rather than at a presentation ..... Why so many slides, mostly to provide resources to follow up and the reason for all the text on the slides is to provide useful resources and links! Some of the slides have notes in small text that were not on the actual presentation.

2. Jon Trinder www.ninelocks.com jont@ninelocks.com University of Glasgow j.trinder@elec.gla.ac.uk @jont Just CozYou Cant See It- Doesn't mean it isn't there A brief history of the past present and future of mobile learning

3. The Past And Making the River Run Uphill

4. “ Every era of technology has, to some extent,formed education in its own image” (Sharples,Taylor,Vavoula) ‏

5. History http://members.surfeu.at/org2/psion1/ 1984 1996 1999 1993

6. 1996 PDA Specifications First Palm and WindowCE Machine specifications. Note Most early projects used the Palm. Although it had less media capability it had huge battery life making many projects feasible and set some expectations for what would be practical in future. The move to devices with greater media capability but short battery life, meant some of the promises of the future have not yet been realised....and also see the next slide 6-8 Weeks 160 *160 128K 16Mhz Palm Pilot 1000 Palm OS 20 hours 640 x 240 2MB 44Mhz Hewlett Packard HP 300LX, WindowsCE Battery Life Screen Size (Pixels) ‏ RAM CPU Speed PDA Operating System

7. Philosophical Differences “ It may in fact transpire that different hardware and software platforms support rather different interpretations of mobile learning” (J Traxler 2007) ‏

8. Batteries and Charging

9. What aspect is mobile? The Technology or the Students?

10. Combination Devices

11. 17/04/09 Application Areas

12. Technologies PDA/Smartphones Phones/SMS MP3 Players Voting Systems USB Memory Voice Recorders Books!

13. What’s the best… Breakfast Car There is only Best for You

14. USB Memory 8 gig for 2 Pot Noodles!

15. Evaluating Mobile device use through automatic Logging Mr J.J.Trinder, Dr S.Roy, Dr J.V.Magill University of Glasgow [email_address] [email_address] [email_address] [email_address]

16. What we found.... Students not very co-operative Technology can be disruptive to its users Students _not_ as techno savvy as they may appear or claim Limited Pocket Space Tech Ages Quickly

17. Why Is Evaluation Difficult? Evaluation IS difficult

18. All Users are Different Note.This shows the % of use made of different type of application by 3 users. The median runtime is measured in seconds and indicates how long the usage sessions were

19. Practical Issues Do you need special software on the device or in the labs Have you got suitable materials for deliver on the chosen device How are you going to transfer the materials Do the materials provided on the devices need to be available in other forms as well,e.g. for partially sighted students?

20. Mobile Learning..Is the Glass Half Full Half Empty Twice as big as it needs to be The Wrong glass

21. Bridging Worlds‏

22. Existing Bridges Twitter Email Streaming Video RSS ?

23. Physical to Virtual sedgley Dohcross Worbridge www Follow sedgley on twitter www.twitter.com/sedgley

24. Inter-life Where Second Life meets Real Life www.inter-life.org Victor Lally (University of Glasgow) Brian Canavan (University of Glasgow) ‏ Jane Magill (University of Glasgow) Jon Trinder (University of Glasgow) Steve Brindley (University of Glasgow) Evan Magill (University of Stirling) Mario Kolberg (University of Stirling) ‏

25. What Is Inter-life? The project is investigating the use of Information and Communications Technologies (ICTs) to support skills development by young people to enhance their management of life transitions. Funded by TLRP and ESRC

26. What Is Inter-life? Inter-Life offers the opportunity for participants to work together on transition activities in the community, whether they are logged in, or using their mobile device away from the desktop.

27. Resources

28. Reports Personal Assistants (PDAs) in Further and Higher Education, Ted Smith (2003) http://www.ts-consulting.co.uk/DownloadDocuments/PDAsinFurther&HigherEducation.doc Handheld Computers in Schools BECTA report http://www.becta.org.uk/page_documents/research/handhelds.pdf Mobile and PDA technologies and their future use in education (Paul Anderson and Adam Blackwood) ‏ http://www.jisc.ac.uk/whatwedo/services/techwatch/reports/horizonscanning/hs0403.aspx Kaleidoscope Big Issues in Mobile Learning http://telearn.noe-kaleidoscope.org/warehouse/Sharples-2006.pdf BECTA Researching Mobile Learning (2007)‏ http://partners.becta.org.uk/upload-dir/downloads/page_documents/research/mobile_learning_july07.pdf CTAD mLearning Publications http://www.m-learning.org/knowledge-centre/m-learning-research.htm Commonwealth of Learning. Mobile Learning in Developing Countries http://www.col.org/colweb/webdav/site/myjahiasite/shared/docs/KS2005_mlearn.pdf Mobile technologies: prospects for their use in learning in informal science settings http://jime.open.ac.uk/2005/25/

29. Books Mobile Learning: A Handbook for Educators and Trainers . Traxler, J. & Kukulska-Hulme, A. (Eds.) Routledge. ISBN 0-415-35740-2 Transforming the Delivery of Education and Training . Ed M Ally http://www.aupress.ca/books/120155/ebook/99Z_Mohamed_Ally_2009-MobileLearning.pdf Handhelds For Doctors , Mohammad Al-Ubaydli, John Wiley & Sons, ISBN 0470858990 Information Appliances and Beyond , Eric Bergman, Morgan Kaufmann ISBN: 1558606009 Pervasive Computing , Jochen Burkhardt, Addison Wesley (2002) ISBN: 0201722151 The Invisible Computer , Donald Norman, MIT Press (2002) 0 262 64041-4

32. Shiny Project - http://shinymolenet.wordpress.com The Shiny project will focus on the use of mobile devices for the assessment of learning at Gloucestershire College. The project will develop and implement the use of m-assessment across the curriculum. QR Codes Project with University of Bath JISC LTIG http://blogs.bath.ac.uk/qrcode/ MoLeNET in General http://www.molenet.org.uk/ James Clay Blog and Podcast mobile learning theme and topics http://elearningstuff.wordpress.com http://icanhaz.com/els (warning iTunes Store link)‏ Twitter jamesclay thomcochrane timbuckteeth andyramsden Blogs etc

33. Mailing Lists, Forums http://www.jiscmail.ac.uk/pda-edu http://www.handheldlearning.co.uk http://www.pocketpchow2.com/ http://www3.telus.net/~kdeanna/mlearning http://cc.mlearnopedia.com/mobile-learning/training/

34. http://mobile-libraries.blogspot.com/ http://www.kwfdn.org/map/

35. The Future (used to be better)‏

36. New Technology Anything that is in the world when you’re born is normal and ordinary and is just a natural part of the way the world works. Anything that’s invented between when you’re fifteen and thirty-five is new and exciting and revolutionary and you can probably get a career in it. Anything invented after you’re thirty-five is against the natural order of things. [Douglas Adams, Peter Guzzardi, Terry Jones, The Salmon of Doubt]

37. Expect the unexpected Eg Ultramobiles eeePC QR Codes

38. RFID

39. GPS GPS In Devices Geocaching Context Awareness Augmented Reality ( have a play at http://ge.ecomagination.com/smartgrid/#/augmented_reality )

40. MoLeNET in General http://www.molenet.org.uk/ Shiny Project - http://shinymolenet.wordpress.com The Shiny project will focus on the use of mobile devices for the assessment of learning at Gloucestershire College. The project will develop and implement the use of m-assessment across the curriculum. QR Codes Project with University of Bath JISC LTIG http://blogs.bath.ac.uk/qrcode/ Thom Cochrane (New Zealand)‏ http://ctliwiki.unitec.ac.nz/index.php/MobilePedagogy2 http://ctliwiki.unitec.ac.nz/index.php/IntegratingMobileWeb2 Stuart Smith (Manchester)‏ http://www.3sheep.co.uk/ Other Projects

42. Hear come the talkies Projectors on phones Even more storage “ Here come the talkies, obsolescence guaranteed; here come the talkies, don't you see? “ (lyrics from www.sofasound.com) ‏ Note, just because a new technology comes along you dont have to get rid of the old one. Movies did not replace the still image

43. Other Sectors

44. Schools……

45. Meanwhile in HE

46. Barriers Have you got an Innovation Prevention Department? Note What is your IPD called. Most often the answer is IT services, but sometime purchasing departments are mentioned.

47. Unexpected Consequences The re-use of materials & mashups Infamy in an instant Mistakes captured for posterity

48. The Song Remains the Same Need to get content to and from devices Need to power the device Have compatible content Deal with the speed of change

49. Final Thoughts... “ Manifestly it is better to use simple tools expertly than to possess a bewildering assortment of complicated gadgets and either neglect or use them incompetently” LTC Rolt, 1947