The document discusses dental caries (tooth decay), defining it as a disease caused by bacteria in the mouth that ferment carbohydrates, producing acid that demineralizes tooth enamel and damages the tooth structure. Key factors that promote dental caries include plaque, certain bacteria like Streptococcus mutans found in plaque, and the consumption of fermentable carbohydrates. Saliva also plays a role in both increasing and decreasing the risk of dental caries depending on its buffering ability and cleansing effects.

1. DONE BY
R.DEEPTHA MATHI
II YEAR BDS
SRI VENKATESHWARA DENTAL COLLEGE AND
HOSPITAL

2.  DEFINITION
 IT IS A DISEASE OF MICROBIAL ORIGIN IN
WHICH DIETARY CARBOHYDRATES ARE
FERMENTED BY THE BACTERIA FORMING AN
ACID WHICH CAUSES THE
DEMINERALISATION OF THE INORGANIC
PART AND DISINTEGRATION OF THE
ORGANIC PART OF THE TOOTH.

3. PLAQUE IS AN ADHESIVE LAYER
WHICH DEPOSITS ON THE SURFACE
OF THE TOOTH AND HAS COLONIES
OF BACTERIA

4. MAJOR FACTORS
 ROLE OF BACTERIA
 ROLE OF PLAQUE
 ROLE OF SALIVA
 ROLE OF CARBOHYDRATES
MINOR FACTORS

6.  ROLE OF BACTERIA
 NORMAL FLORA OF THE ORAL CAVITY
CONTAINS ABUNDANCE OF BACTERIA WHICH
DERIVE THEIR ENERGY BY CHEMICAL PROCESS
OF FERMENTATION.
 MAINLY THE BACTERIA ARE STREPTOCOCCUS
MUTANS,AND STREPTOCOCCUS MUTANS.

7.  ROLE OF PLAQUE
 PLAQUE TENDS TO STICK TO THE SURFACE
OF THE TEETH AND IN THIS WAY THE THE
BACTERIS HAS CARIOGENIC EFFECT ON TOOTH.

8.  ROLE OF SALIVA
 IT PLAYS AN IMPORTANT ROLE IN
INCREASING THE CARIOGENIC EFFECT ON
TEETH AND ALSO A BUFFERING ACTION
 SALIVA HAS ALSO A CLEANSING EFFECT

9.  ROLE OF CARBOHYDRATES
 FERMENTABLE CARBOHYDRATES ARE THE
MAIN CAUSE OF CAUSING DENTAL CARIES.
 INCREASE IN INTAKE OF REFINED
CARBOHYDRATES CAUSE INCREASED DENTAL
CARIES.

10.  MINOR FACTORS
ENAMEL COMPOSITION
 MORPHOLOGY OF THE TOOTH
 POSITION OF THE TOOTH
 DIET
 IMMUNITY

12.  BACTERIA INVOLVED
 STREPTOCOCCI Eg.Mutans,Sobrinus
 LACTOBACILLI Eg.Acidophillus
 ASSOCIATED BACTERIA
 STREPTOCOCCI Eg.Mitis
 ACTINOMYCES Eg.Viscosus

13. STREPTOCOCCUS

14.  THEY ARE GRAM POSITIVE BACTERIA ARRANGED
IN CHAINS OR PAIRS
 THEY MAY BE AEROBES OR FACULTATIVE
ANAEROBES AND ARE GRAM POSITIVE.

15.  THE METABOLISM OF THESE BACTERIA CHANGES
LOCAL ENVIRONMENTAL CONDITIONS THERBY
ALLOWING THE ORGANISM TO COLONIZE
CAUSIN DENTAL PLAQUE.
 THE ACIDIC MEDIUM CREATED BY THE BACTERIA
CAUSES THE MINERALISED ENAMEL
VULNERABLE TO DECAY.

16.  STREPTOCOCCUS MUTANS IS ONE OF THE FEW
SPECIALISED ORGANISM EQUIPPED WITH
RECEPTORS THAT PROVIDE ADHESION TO THE
TEETH SURFACE .
 SUCROSE IS THE ONLY SUGAR THAT S.MUTANS
USE TO FORM THE STICKY POLYSACCHARIDE ON
THE TEETH.

17.  IN GENERAL S.MUTANS IS AQUIRED IN THE ORAL
CAVITY AT THE TIME OF TOOTH ERUPTION IN
CHILDREN.
 IT IS SOMETIMES FOUND IN PREDENTATE
CHILDREN.
 ADDITIONALLY AQUISITION OF THE VIRULENT
BACTERIA IS OFTEN DUE TO THE VERTICAL
TRANSMISSION FROM MOTHER TO THE CHILD
LIKELY SHORTLY AFTER BIRTH.