This document provides information on complex amalgam restorations involving three or more tooth surfaces. It indicates that complex amalgams are used to replace missing tooth structure from fracture, caries, or existing materials. Various retention features like pins, slots, and bonded amalgam are discussed. Pin placement factors like size, number, location, and insertion technique are covered. Advantages include conserving tooth structure while disadvantages include potential for microleakage and decreased strength.
DR. SWARNEET KAKPURE (DEPT OF CONSERVATIVE DENTISTRY AND ENDODONTICS)
THE TOPIC PRESENTED IN SEMINAR COVERS ALMOST ALL THE ASPECTS OF COMPLEX AMALGAM RESTORATIONS INCLUDING PIN RETAINED,SLOT RETAINED AMALGAM RESTORATIONS,CEMENTED,FRICTION LOCKED & SELF THREADING PINS, TMS SYSTEM,AMALGAM FOUNDATIONS ALONG WITH TECHNIQUES OF INSERTION AND MATRIX PLACEMENT.
Prosthodontics seminar 3rd stage University of Anbar College Of Dentistry
Created By Mohammed Amer Hekma
Supervised by: Dr Osama Abdul Rasool Hammoodi
References
• FUNDAMENTALS OF REMOVABLE PARTIAL PROSTHODONTIC DESIGN by Kenneth R. McHenry, D.D.S., M.S and Terrence McLean, D.D.S.
• Stewart's Clinical Removable Partial Prosthodontics, Fourth Edition by Rodney D Phoenix, D.D.S, M.S, David R Cagna, D.M.D, M.S and Charles F DeFreest, D.D.S
• McCRACKEN’S REMOVABLE PARTIAL PROSTHODONTICS, TWELFTH EDITION BY Alan B. Carr, D.M.D, M.S, and David T. Brown, DDS, MS
DR. SWARNEET KAKPURE (DEPT OF CONSERVATIVE DENTISTRY AND ENDODONTICS)
THE TOPIC PRESENTED IN SEMINAR COVERS ALMOST ALL THE ASPECTS OF COMPLEX AMALGAM RESTORATIONS INCLUDING PIN RETAINED,SLOT RETAINED AMALGAM RESTORATIONS,CEMENTED,FRICTION LOCKED & SELF THREADING PINS, TMS SYSTEM,AMALGAM FOUNDATIONS ALONG WITH TECHNIQUES OF INSERTION AND MATRIX PLACEMENT.
Prosthodontics seminar 3rd stage University of Anbar College Of Dentistry
Created By Mohammed Amer Hekma
Supervised by: Dr Osama Abdul Rasool Hammoodi
References
• FUNDAMENTALS OF REMOVABLE PARTIAL PROSTHODONTIC DESIGN by Kenneth R. McHenry, D.D.S., M.S and Terrence McLean, D.D.S.
• Stewart's Clinical Removable Partial Prosthodontics, Fourth Edition by Rodney D Phoenix, D.D.S, M.S, David R Cagna, D.M.D, M.S and Charles F DeFreest, D.D.S
• McCRACKEN’S REMOVABLE PARTIAL PROSTHODONTICS, TWELFTH EDITION BY Alan B. Carr, D.M.D, M.S, and David T. Brown, DDS, MS
Teeth don’t possess regenerative ability found in most other tissues. Therefore, once enamel & dentin are lost as a result of caries, trauma or wear, restorative material must be used, to reestablish form & function.
Teeth require preparation to receive restoration & these preparations must be based on fundamental principles, which are discussed in this presentation, from which basic criteria can be developed to help predict the success of prosthodontic treatment.
Teeth don’t possess regenerative ability found in most other tissues. Therefore, once enamel & dentin are lost as a result of caries, trauma or wear, restorative material must be used, to reestablish form & function.
Teeth require preparation to receive restoration & these preparations must be based on fundamental principles, which are discussed in this presentation, from which basic criteria can be developed to help predict the success of prosthodontic treatment.
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
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This topic very important during restoring tooth (ex. CL II), to prevent excess materials and provide good contact and smooth surface...
Also help during diagnosis of proximal carie...
post and core buildup had been of utmost importance in maintaining a tooth that has lost a major portion of its coronal tooth structure in the dental arch and also ultimately helps preserve bone around it.
The partial coverage restoration is a conservative restoration that requires less destruction of tooth structure than does a full coverage crown.
Its use is based on the premise that an intact surface of tooth structure should not be covered by a crown if its inclusion is not essential to the retention, strength, or esthetic result of the definitive restoration.
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Fashionista Chic Couture Maze & Coloring Adventures is a coloring and activity book filled with many maze games and coloring activities designed to delight and engage young fashion enthusiasts. Each page offers a unique blend of fashion-themed mazes and stylish illustrations to color, inspiring creativity and problem-solving skills in children.
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2. COMPLEX AMALGAM RESTORATION Complex amalgam restoration refers to one that involves three or more surfaces of the tooth. In recent years refer to an amalgam restoration that replaces one or more cusps.
3. INDICATIONS They are used: To replace missing tooth structure due to fracture or caries or existing restorative material. When one or more cusps needs capping. When increased resistance and retention forms are needed.
4. INDICATIONS Used as an alternative to indirect restoration. For periodontal and orthodontic patients. Affordability. For old patients Used in tooth that have questionable pulpal prognosis. Can act as a foundation for crown.
5. If conventional retention features are not adequate pins, slots and bonded amalgam are used to enhance retention. As more tooth is lost more auxiliary retentive features required.
6. CONTRAINDICATIONS If patient has occlusal problems. If the tooth cannot be restored properly with direct restoration because of anatomic or functional considerations. If the area to be restored is esthetically important to the patient.
7. ADVANTAGES Conserves tooth structure.(less cutting) Less time required. Resistance and retentive forms significantly increased by pins and slots. Economics.
8. Disadvantages Dentinal micro fractures. Microleakage. Decreased tensile strength of amalgam. Penetration and perforation. Tooth anatomy cannot be replicated like that in indirect restoration.
11. NON PIN MECHANICAL FEATURES Parallel or convergent walls. Box form. Flat pulpal and gingival floors. Grooves in proximal line angles. Dovetails. Reduction of undermined cusps. Coves/locks. Amalgapins. Slots.
18. PRINCIPALS FOR PLACEMENT OF PINS Pinhole made the diameter of pinhole smaller then diameter of the pin being placed in threaded and friction locked. Craze lines created in dentine (the more the diameter of the pin the more the dentinal craze lines). Depth of the varies from 1.3 to 2 mm depending on the diameter of pin used. Used in addition to non pin retentive features.
19. SELF THREADING PINS Self threading pins commonly used cause of its retentiveness. TMS system used (thread mate system). Threads engages the dentine as it is inserted into the dentine due to elasticity of dentine.
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21. FACTORS AFFECTING RETENTION OF THE PIN IN DENTIN AND AMALGAM Type Surface characteristics. Orientation number and diameter. Extension into the dentin and amalgam.
22. TYPE Self threading are the most retentive followed by friction locked and then cemented.
23. SURFACE CHARACTERISTICS The number and dept of elevations (serrations or threads)on the pin influence retention of the pin in the amalgam restoration.
24. ORIENTATION Should be placed in non parallel fashion to increase retentiveness. Bending pins in amalgam is not desirable if bending of the pin is done it should be done with a proper tool and at least 1mm of bulk of amalgam should be there between the pin and external surface of the finished restoration.
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26. NUMBER As the number of pins increases the retention in dentin and amalgam increases but the problems created also increases. Chances of 1.Crazing of dentin increases. 2.The amount of available dentin between the pins decreases. 3.The strength of amalgam restoration decreases. Increasing the diameter also increases retention.
27. EXTENSION INTO THE DENTIN AND AMALGAM Pin extension into the dentin and amalgam greater then 2mm is unnecessary for pin retention and is contraindicated to preserve the strength of the dentin and the amalgam. If more the 2mm amalgam or dentin is involved the chances of fracturing of pin increases.
28. PIN PLACEMENT FACTORS AND TECHNIQUES 1.Pin size. 2.Number of pins. 3.location. 4.Pinhole preparation. 5.Pin design. 6.Pin insertion.
29. PIN SIZE Minikin and minim pins are used for severely involved posterior teeth. Minim pins used as a backup if the pinhole is overprepared.
30. NUMBER OF PINS Factors considered when deciding how many pins are required 1.The amount of missing tooth structure. 2.The amount of dentin available to receive pins safely. 3.The amount of retention required. 4.The size of the pins. As a rule, one pin per missing axial line angle should be used.
31. LOCATION Several factors aid in determining pin hole location: 1.Knowledge of the normal pulp anatomy and external tooth contours. 2.A current radiograph of the tooth. 3.A periodontal probe. 4.The patient`s age.
32. LOCATION Pins should not be placed directly under areas of contact with the opposing teeth as the restoration would fracture under the occlusal load. Occlusal clearance should be sufficient to provide 2mm of amalgam over the pin. Pinhole should be positioned no closer than 0.5 to 1mm to the DEJ or no closer than 1 to 1.5mm to the external surface of the tooth. Pinhole should not be positioned very close to vertical wall as it would make condensation of amalgam difficult. Interpin distance should be more for a pin with larger diameter.
41. BONDED AMALGAM RESTORATION Amalgam hydrophobic while dentine and enamel is hydrophilic. 4 meta based resin is used which has hydro philic and hydrophobic ends
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44. REFERENCES Principles of operative dentistry By A. J. E. Qualtrough, Julian Satterthwaite, Leean Morrow, Paul Brunton. Lecture by barra eigbynia. Art and science of operative dentistry. Management of broken down teeth by doctor nasrien ateyah.