Bacterial nutrition
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This document discusses the nutritional requirements of bacteria. It states that bacteria require water, a source of carbon and nitrogen, and some inorganic salts to grow and multiply. Bacteria are classified based on their energy requirements, ability to synthesize metabolites, oxygen needs, temperature preferences, and sensitivity to environmental factors like pH, moisture, light and osmotic pressure. The major classifications include phototrophs, chemotrophs, autotrophs, heterotrophs, aerobes, anaerobes, facultative anaerobes, mesophiles and thermophiles. Most pathogenic bacteria grow best at 37°C and neutral pH. Drying and sunlight can kill many bacteria.
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Hey people out there.
This is my very first presentation which I'm sharing with you all.
hope whatever you are looking for you'll get it in there.
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hope whatever you are looking for you'll get it in there.
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Bacterial-Growth-Requirementsh for Micro Para
This document discusses the nutritional and physical requirements for bacterial growth as well as the bacterial growth curve. It outlines that bacteria require carbon, nitrogen, phosphorus, inorganic ions, growth factors, water, appropriate temperature, pH, and oxygen levels to grow. The bacterial growth curve consists of four phases - lag phase, log or exponential phase, stationary phase, and death or decline phase - which describe the changes in growth rate over time as nutrients are depleted and waste accumulates.
Basic requirements of microbial growth
The document outlines the basic requirements for microbial growth, including water, temperature, light, oxygen, pH, food, and osmotic pressure. It states that microbes require 25-40% water content and cannot grow below 3% water content. It also classifies microbes based on temperature preferences as psychrophiles, mesophiles, thermophiles, and hyperthermophiles. The document notes that most bacteria grow best in a pH range of 6.5-7.5 and consume many of the same foods that humans eat. Finally, it mentions that microbial growth proceeds best under ideal osmotic pressure conditions and some can tolerate high salt concentrations.
bacterial physiology
The document discusses the nutritional requirements and environmental factors affecting the growth of bacteria. It states that bacteria require a source of carbon, nitrogen, water, inorganic salts, and growth factors for optimal growth. The main environmental factors that affect bacterial growth are temperature, pH, oxygen levels, moisture, carbon dioxide, light, osmotic pressure, and mechanical or sonic stress. The document also describes bacterial metabolism, including aerobic respiration and anaerobic fermentation, and outlines the different phases of a bacterial growth curve.
Bacterial physiology
Short and concise presentation about Bacterial Physiology, bacterial growth curve and bacterial metabolism
Chapter 6 microbial growth partial
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Microbial growth
MICROBIAL GROWTH
SYNOPSIS
INTRODUCTION
REQUIREMENT FOR MICROBIAL GROWTH
PHYSICAL REQUIREMENT
NUTRITIONAL REQUIREMENT
BACTERIAL GROWTH CURVE
FACTORS AFFECTING BACTERIAL GROWTH
COUNTING OF BACTERIAL CELL
Factors that affecting-microbial-growth.pdf
Microbial growth requires both physical and nutritional requirements to be met. Bacteria will grow within a certain temperature, pH, oxygen, and osmotic pressure range. Nutritionally, bacteria require carbon, nitrogen, phosphorus, sulfur, and trace elements which they obtain from organic and inorganic sources. Bacterial growth occurs in four phases - lag, log/exponential, stationary, and death - as seen in a bacterial growth curve. Factors like temperature, nutrients, water, oxygen levels, and pH can affect the bacterial growth rate. Bacteria are enumerated using methods like viable plate counts and direct microscopic cell counts.
Growth, nutrition, and metabolism of bacteria by Dr. Himanshu Khatri
This document discusses bacterial growth, nutrition, and metabolism. It covers the bacterial growth curve with its four phases (lag, logarithmic, stationary, decline). Bacterial cell division occurs through binary fission. Generation time is the time for a bacterium to divide. Bacteria require water, carbon, nitrogen, and inorganic salts for nutrition and can be autotrophs or heterotrophs. Temperature, pH, oxygen levels, and other factors affect bacterial growth. Aerobic bacteria use oxygen for metabolism while anaerobic bacteria use fermentation.
Physiology of bacteria
Bacteria require carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, phosphorus, and sulfur as essential elements for growth. Additional minerals like potassium, calcium and iron are also needed in trace amounts. Organic growth factors like vitamins also support bacterial growth. Environmental factors such as temperature, pH, oxygen levels, osmotic pressure and nutrients availability influence the growth of bacteria. Bacterial growth follows distinct phases - lag phase, log or exponential phase, stationary phase and death phase as seen in a bacterial growth curve. Continuous culture techniques help maintain bacteria in the exponential growth phase.
Nutrition, cultivation and isolation of bacteria
Bacteria exhibit different modes of nutrition and can be either heterotrophic or autotrophic. Heterotrophic bacteria rely on organic compounds from other organisms as a source of carbon and energy, while autotrophic bacteria produce their own organic compounds through photosynthesis or chemosynthesis. Bacteria require specific environmental conditions for growth such as temperature, pH, oxygen levels, moisture, light, osmotic conditions, and chemical nutrients. Their growth occurs in distinct phases including a lag phase, logarithmic or exponential growth phase, stationary phase, and death phase.
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Bacterial nutrition
- 2. INTRODUCTION: • THE BACTERIAL CELL HAS SIMILAR PATTERN AS OF THE OTHER ORGANISMS. • ABOUT 80% OF CELL MADE UP OF WATER AND REST 20% INCLUDE: 1) PROTEINS 2) POLYSACCHARIDES 3) LIPIDS 4) NUCLEIC ACID 5) MUCOPEPTIDES AND LOW MOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
- 3. FACTOR THAT AFFECT THE GROWTH OF BACTERIA • FOR GROWTH AND MULTIPLICATION OF BACTERIA, THE MINUMUM NUTRITIONAL REQUIREMENTS ARE WATER, SOURCE OF CARBON AND NITROGEN AND SOME INORGANIC SALTS. BACTERIA CAN BE CLASSIFIED NUTRITIONALLY BASED ON ENERGY REQUIREMENTS AND ON THE ABILITY TO SYNTHESIZE ESSENTIAL METABOLITES 1) PHOTOTROPHS: OBTAIN ENERGY FROM SUNLIGHT 2) CHEMOTROPHS: OBTAIN ENERGY FROM CHEMICAL REACTIONS 3) AUTOTROPHS: BACTERIA WILL SYNTHESIZE ALL THEIR ORGANIC COMPOUNDS. 4) HETEROTROPHS: CANNOT SYNTHESIZE THEIR OWN METABOLITES AND DEPENDS ON PREFORMED ORGANIC COMPOUNDS.
- 4. BACTERIA REQUIRE A SUPPLY OF INORGANIC SALT • ANIONS ( -ve) 1) Sodium 2) Phosphate CATIONS (+ve) 1) CALCIUM 2) POTASSIUM 3) MAGNESIUM 4) IRON 5) MANGANESE
- 5. BACTERIA REQUIRE GROWTH FACTOR AND VITAMINS Examples: • THIAMINE • RIBOFLAVIN • NICOTINIC ACID • PYRIDOXINE • FOLIC ACID AND VITAMIN B12
- 6. BASED ON OXYGEN REQUIREMENTS • CLASSIFIED AS 1) AEROBIC BACTERIA : WHICH REQUIRE OXYGEN FOR THE GROWTH eg: V.cholerae 2) ANAEROBIC BACTERIA: BACTERIA GROW IN ABSENCE OF OXYGEN eg: Cl. Tetani 3) OBLIGATE ANAEROBES: STRICT REQUIREMENT OF ANAEROBIC CONDITION, UPON EXPOSURE TO O2 BACTERIA MAY DIE. Eg Clostridium spp. 4) MICROAREOPHILIC: BACTERIA THAT GROW BEST IN PRESENCE OF LOW OXYGEN TENSION. Eg: Helicobacter, Campylobacter 5) FACULTATIVE ANAEROBE: THEY ARE AEROBE BUT CAN GROW ANAEROBICALLY. E.g. Staph aureus, E.coli
- 7. BASED ON CARBONDIOXIDE REQUIREMENTS • BACTERIA REQUIRE SMALL AMOUNT OF CARBONDIOXIDE FOR THEIR GROWTH. • THE REQUIREMENT OF BACTERIA CAN BE FULLFILLED BY ATMOSPHERE(PRESENCE OF CO2) OR CAN BE PRODUCED ENDOGENOUSLY BY CELLULAR METABOLISM. • SOME BACTERIA REQUIRE MORE AMOUNT OF CO2 (5-10%) FOR THEIR GROWTH SUCH BACTERIA ARE KNOWN AS CAPNOPHILIC BACTERIA. Eg: Brucella abortus. Especially in fresh isolates..
- 8. BASED ON TEMPERATURE REQUIREMENTS MOST PATHOGENIC BACTERIA GROWTH OCCUR AT THEIR OPTIMUM TEMPERATURE (37°C) • MESOPHILIC BACTERIA GROWTH OCCUR AT 25-40°C. ALL PATHOGENIC BACTERIA COME UNDER THIS GROUP. • PSYCHORPHILIC BACTERIA : GROWTH BEST BELOW 20°C and IT CAN GO UPTO MINUS 7°C. E.g. Saprophytes (Free living bacteria) • THERMOPHILES GROW BEST AT 55-80°C. E.g: Bacillus stearothermophilus • SOME BACTERIA LIKE P.aeruginosa GROW AT WIDE RANGE OF TEMPERATURE (5- 43°C) • GONOCOCCI AT 30-39°C
- 9. THERMAL DEATH POINT (TDP) • THE LOWEST TEMPERATURE THAT KILLS A BACTERIUM UNDER STANDARD CONDITIONS IN GIVEN TIME IS KNOWN AS THERMAL DEATH POINT MOISTURE AND DRYING: WATER IS VERY ESSENTIAL COMPONENT OF BACTERIAL PROTOPLASM AND HENCE DRYING IS LETHAL. Results in plasmolysis THE EFFECT OF DRYING VARIES WITHIN SPP. TREPONEMA IS SENSITIVE AND STAPHYLOCOCCI CAN SURVIVE UPTO A MONTH IN DRYING.
- 10. HYDROGEN ION CONCENTRATION • BACTERIAARE SENSITIVE TO ALTERNATION IN pH. • EACH SPECIES OF BACTERIA HAS OPTIMUM pH WHERE IT CAN SURVIVE. • MAJORITY OF PATHOGENIC BACTERIA GROW BEST AT NEUTRAL OR SLIGHTLY ALKALINE REACTION (7.2-7.6) • ACIDOPHILIC BACTERIA (LACTOBACILLI) CAN GROW IN ACIDIC CONDITION, WHERE AS, V.cholerae IS VERY SENSITIVE TO ACIDIC ENVIRONMENT.
- 11. BACTERIAL NUTRITION BASED ON LIGHT EXCEPT PHOTOTROPHIC BACTERIA ALL OTHER BACTERIA GROW BETTER IN DARK ENVIRONMENT. THEY ARE SENSITIVE TO UV LIGHT AND OTHER RADIATION, CULTURES DIE IF EXPOSED TO SUNLIGHT OR SHOW EFFECT WITH PIGMENT PRODUCING BACTERIA. BUT, PHOTOCHORMOGENIC MYCOBACTERIA FORM PIGMENT ONLY ON EXPOSURE TO LIGHT AND NOT WHEN INCUBATED IN THE DARK.
- 12. OSMOTIC EFFECT • ISOTONIC SALINE IS THE ONE WHICH WILL NOT ALTER THE SHAPE OF BACTERIA • SUDDEN EXPOSURE TO HYPERTONIC OR HYPOTONIC SALINE SHOW OSMOTIC EFFECT TO BACTERIAL PROTOPLASM WHICH CAUSE SHRINKAGE OR SWEELLING OF THE CELL RESPECTIVELY. •MECHANICAL AND SONIC STRESS: • BACTERIAL CELL WALL MAY GET DAMAGED WITH VIGOROUS SHAKING WITH GLASS BEADS
- 13. REFERENCES: I) TEXTBOOK OF MICROBIOLOGY BY ANANTHANARAYAN AND PANIKER’S II) ESSENTIALS OF MEDICAL MICROBIOLOGY BY APURBA SANKAR SASTRY
- 14. THANK YOU YUBRAJ BHATTA M.SC.MLT 1ST YEAR PADMASHREE INSTITUTE OF MLT