Microarray
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Microarray
Microarrays allow researchers to study gene expression across thousands of genes simultaneously. They work by hybridizing labeled cDNA or cRNA to probes attached to a solid surface, then detecting and quantifying the hybridized genes. The document outlines the history and development of microarray technology. It describes the key steps in a DNA microarray experiment including tissue collection, RNA isolation, cDNA synthesis, hybridization to the array, scanning, and data analysis. Applications include studying gene expression in health and disease, drug development, and pharmacogenomics. Advantages are the ability to study many genes at once, while limitations include expense and complexity of data analysis.
Microarray technique
DNA microarray technology allows researchers to analyze gene expression patterns across thousands of genes simultaneously. It involves affixing DNA probes to a solid surface in an orderly array and then measuring which genes are expressed by the level of hybridization with fluorescently labeled cDNA or cRNA from samples. The document discusses the history and principles of microarray techniques, including types such as cDNA and oligonucleotide microarrays. It also covers applications in genomics research and analysis of microarray data.
DNA microarray ppt
DNA microarrays allow scientists to measure gene expression levels across large numbers of genes simultaneously. A DNA microarray consists of microscopic DNA spots attached to a solid surface. There are five main steps to performing a microarray: sample preparation and labeling, hybridization, washing, image acquisition, and data analysis. Microarrays use the principle of hybridization between complementary DNA strands, where fluorescent labeled target sequences bind to probe sequences on the array, generating signals to measure expression levels. Microarrays have applications in gene expression profiling, comparative genomics, disease diagnosis, drug discovery, and toxicological research.
Microarray full detail
The document discusses DNA microarrays, including their applications, history, major steps, methods of construction, and technical issues. DNA microarrays allow analysis of gene expression across thousands of genes simultaneously. They have been used since the 1990s and are constructed by attaching DNA probes to a solid surface in a high-density array. Two main types are cDNA-based microarrays using amplified cDNA and oligonucleotide-based arrays like Affymetrix GeneChips containing short DNA sequences.
DNA microarray
Dr. Shamalamma S. presented on DNA microarrays. DNA microarrays allow thousands of genes to be compared simultaneously by attaching DNA probes to a chip which fluorescently labeled samples can bind to. The chip is then scanned to analyze gene expression levels. Applications include disease diagnosis, toxicology studies, and pharmacogenomics. While a powerful tool, microarrays have limitations such as lack of knowledge about many genes and lack of standardization.
DNA microarray
DNA microarray:
A DNA microarray (also commonly known as gene or genome chip, DNA chip, or gene array) is a collection of microscopic DNA spots, commonly representing single genes, arrayed on a solid surface by covalent attachment to a chemical matrix. DNA arrays are different from other types of microarray only in that they either measure DNA or use DNA as part of its detection system. Qualitative or quantitative measurements with DNA microarrays utilize the selective nature of DNA-DNA or DNA-RNA hybridization under high-stringency conditions and fluorophore-based detection. DNA arrays are commonly used for expression profiling, i.e., monitoring expression levels of thousands of genes simultaneously.
Ion Torrent Sequencing
Ion Torrent sequencing is a next generation sequencing technique that detects hydrogen ions released during DNA polymerization using a semiconductor chip, allowing for DNA sequencing without the need for optical detection. The technique involves fragmenting DNA, attaching fragments to beads, amplifying fragments using emulsion PCR, loading beads into wells on an ion semiconductor chip, and flowing nucleotides to detect pH changes from nucleotide incorporation. Key advantages are faster run times, lower costs, and scalability compared to other NGS methods.
Dna microarray (dna chips)
This document provides an overview of DNA microarrays, also known as DNA chips. It discusses the principles and techniques used to prepare DNA microarrays, including photolithography. There are two main types of DNA chips: cDNA-based chips and oligonucleotide-based chips. DNA microarrays have various applications, including gene expression profiling, drug discovery, and diagnostics. They provide the advantage of analyzing thousands of genes simultaneously but also have disadvantages such as high costs and complex data analysis.
Recommended
Microarray
Microarrays allow researchers to study gene expression across thousands of genes simultaneously. They work by hybridizing labeled cDNA or cRNA to probes attached to a solid surface, then detecting and quantifying the hybridized genes. The document outlines the history and development of microarray technology. It describes the key steps in a DNA microarray experiment including tissue collection, RNA isolation, cDNA synthesis, hybridization to the array, scanning, and data analysis. Applications include studying gene expression in health and disease, drug development, and pharmacogenomics. Advantages are the ability to study many genes at once, while limitations include expense and complexity of data analysis.
Microarray technique
DNA microarray technology allows researchers to analyze gene expression patterns across thousands of genes simultaneously. It involves affixing DNA probes to a solid surface in an orderly array and then measuring which genes are expressed by the level of hybridization with fluorescently labeled cDNA or cRNA from samples. The document discusses the history and principles of microarray techniques, including types such as cDNA and oligonucleotide microarrays. It also covers applications in genomics research and analysis of microarray data.
DNA microarray ppt
DNA microarrays allow scientists to measure gene expression levels across large numbers of genes simultaneously. A DNA microarray consists of microscopic DNA spots attached to a solid surface. There are five main steps to performing a microarray: sample preparation and labeling, hybridization, washing, image acquisition, and data analysis. Microarrays use the principle of hybridization between complementary DNA strands, where fluorescent labeled target sequences bind to probe sequences on the array, generating signals to measure expression levels. Microarrays have applications in gene expression profiling, comparative genomics, disease diagnosis, drug discovery, and toxicological research.
Microarray full detail
The document discusses DNA microarrays, including their applications, history, major steps, methods of construction, and technical issues. DNA microarrays allow analysis of gene expression across thousands of genes simultaneously. They have been used since the 1990s and are constructed by attaching DNA probes to a solid surface in a high-density array. Two main types are cDNA-based microarrays using amplified cDNA and oligonucleotide-based arrays like Affymetrix GeneChips containing short DNA sequences.
DNA microarray
Dr. Shamalamma S. presented on DNA microarrays. DNA microarrays allow thousands of genes to be compared simultaneously by attaching DNA probes to a chip which fluorescently labeled samples can bind to. The chip is then scanned to analyze gene expression levels. Applications include disease diagnosis, toxicology studies, and pharmacogenomics. While a powerful tool, microarrays have limitations such as lack of knowledge about many genes and lack of standardization.
DNA microarray
DNA microarray:
A DNA microarray (also commonly known as gene or genome chip, DNA chip, or gene array) is a collection of microscopic DNA spots, commonly representing single genes, arrayed on a solid surface by covalent attachment to a chemical matrix. DNA arrays are different from other types of microarray only in that they either measure DNA or use DNA as part of its detection system. Qualitative or quantitative measurements with DNA microarrays utilize the selective nature of DNA-DNA or DNA-RNA hybridization under high-stringency conditions and fluorophore-based detection. DNA arrays are commonly used for expression profiling, i.e., monitoring expression levels of thousands of genes simultaneously.
Ion Torrent Sequencing
Ion Torrent sequencing is a next generation sequencing technique that detects hydrogen ions released during DNA polymerization using a semiconductor chip, allowing for DNA sequencing without the need for optical detection. The technique involves fragmenting DNA, attaching fragments to beads, amplifying fragments using emulsion PCR, loading beads into wells on an ion semiconductor chip, and flowing nucleotides to detect pH changes from nucleotide incorporation. Key advantages are faster run times, lower costs, and scalability compared to other NGS methods.
Dna microarray (dna chips)
This document provides an overview of DNA microarrays, also known as DNA chips. It discusses the principles and techniques used to prepare DNA microarrays, including photolithography. There are two main types of DNA chips: cDNA-based chips and oligonucleotide-based chips. DNA microarrays have various applications, including gene expression profiling, drug discovery, and diagnostics. They provide the advantage of analyzing thousands of genes simultaneously but also have disadvantages such as high costs and complex data analysis.
454 pyrosequencing @ujjwalsirohi
454 pyrosequencing is a DNA sequencing method based on detecting pyrophosphate release during nucleotide incorporation. It sequences a single strand of DNA 400-500 base pairs in length. The process involves emulsion PCR to amplify DNA fragments on beads, which are then loaded into wells along with enzymes and substrates. Upon addition of a nucleotide, DNA polymerase incorporates it into the growing strand and releases pyrophosphate, triggering a light-emitting reaction proportional to the amount incorporated and identifying the nucleotide.
Pyrosequencing
Pyrosequencing is a sequencing method that detects light signals from enzymatic reactions triggered by nucleotide additions during DNA synthesis. It was developed in 1996 and allows high-throughput sequencing. There are solid and liquid phase variants, with the latter using an additional enzyme to eliminate washing steps. The process involves preparing DNA fragments, attaching to beads, amplification by PCR, and sequencing by flowing nucleotides over wells containing DNA-coated beads and enzymes, detecting light signals with each nucleotide incorporation.
Metagenomics
Metagenomics is the study of genetic material recovered directly from environmental samples without culturing organisms. It allows researchers to study the 99.9% of microorganisms that cannot be cultured. Metagenomic analyses of ocean samples revealed over a million new genes and unexpected light-energy pathways in bacteria. Metagenomics has two main approaches - sequence-driven which sequences DNA and compares to databases, and function-driven which screens DNA clones for a desired function. Both approaches have limitations but are complementary. Metagenomics has applications in discovering new antibiotics and enzymes and studying human microbiomes and antibiotic resistance.
Microarray
This document provides an overview of DNA microarray technology. It discusses the historical background beginning in the 1970s with Southern blotting and the development of microarrays in the 1980s. The key principles are that DNA microarrays allow analysis of thousands of genes simultaneously and efficiently through orderly arrangement of DNA sequences on a solid surface like glass. The main steps involve preparing the microarray slide through various methods, performing experiments with sample mRNA, fluorescence scanning, and data analysis to understand gene expression patterns. DNA microarray technology has wide applications in studying diseases, toxicology, and stem cell research.
Microarray technology and applications
This document describes the process of DNA microarray technology. It discusses:
- How DNA microarrays work by hybridizing DNA or RNA targets to probes arranged on a solid surface.
- The key steps of microarray experiments including array printing, sample preparation, hybridization, and data acquisition and analysis.
- Different types of microarrays like cDNA microarrays and high-density oligonucleotide arrays.
- Details of probe selection, target labeling, hybridization conditions, scanning, and data analysis.
Ion torrent sequencing
The document discusses Ion Torrent semiconductor sequencing. It begins by providing background on first and next generation sequencing. It then describes Ion Torrent sequencing, noting that it detects pH changes from nucleotide incorporation rather than using modified nucleotides or optics. The principle, procedure involving fragmentation, ligation, amplification and pH detection on a CMOS chip, applications in genetics and medicine, advantages of speed and lower cost, and challenges including high cost per nucleotide and analysis complexity are summarized.
dna microarray
dna microarray,intro to microarry ,priniplle,types.cDNA Microarray
Oligonucleotide AFFIMETRIX GENE CHIP EXPERIMENT
advantages and disadvantages
Next generation sequencing
Next generation sequencing techniques allow for high-throughput DNA sequencing at a lower cost compared to Sanger sequencing. The document focuses on Illumina sequencing and 454 pyrosequencing. In Illumina sequencing, DNA fragments are attached to a flow cell and undergo bridge amplification and sequencing by synthesis using fluorescently labeled nucleotides. 454 pyrosequencing involves emulsion PCR to amplify DNA fragments attached to beads, followed by sequencing using DNA polymerase and a bioluminescent detection of incorporated nucleotides. Both techniques allow for massively parallel sequencing of millions of DNA fragments.
Microarrays;application
Microarrays allow researchers to examine gene expression patterns across thousands of genes simultaneously. A microarray contains probes for known genes that are used to detect complementary mRNA in a biological sample. Microarrays can be used to study gene expression differences between normal and diseased tissues, classify tumor subtypes, and diagnose cancers. They also show promise for personalized cancer treatment by predicting patient prognosis and response to therapy.
DNA microarray
Microarrays allow researchers to analyze gene expression levels across thousands of genes simultaneously. DNA microarrays work by hybridizing fluorescently-labeled cDNA or cRNA to complementary DNA probes attached to a solid surface. This technology has applications in gene expression profiling, disease diagnosis, drug discovery, and toxicology research. While microarrays provide high-throughput analysis, their limitations include not reflecting true protein levels, complex data analysis, expense, and short shelf life of DNA chips.
Microarray by dr.prabhash
Microarrays allow researchers to analyze gene expression and detect mutations across thousands of genes simultaneously. They consist of miniaturized spots containing DNA, proteins, or other biomolecules immobilized on a solid surface. When a fluorescently labeled sample is applied, only matching molecules will hybridize, allowing for quantification. The main types are DNA microarrays for analyzing gene expression, tissue microarrays for pathology studies, and peptide arrays for protein interactions. DNA microarrays use glass slides coated with specific DNA sequences to analyze gene expression profiles in tissues or cells.
S1 Mapping
S1 Mapping is a laboratory method used for locating the start and end points of
transcripts and for mapping introns.
This technique is used for quantifying the amount of mRNA transcripts, it can therefore identify the level of transcription of the gene in the cell at a given time.
DNA Sequencing
This document discusses the history and various methods of DNA sequencing. It begins with a brief overview of DNA sequencing and its uses. It then outlines some of the major developments in DNA sequencing techniques, including the earliest RNA sequencing in 1972, Sanger sequencing in 1977, and the first complete genome of Haemophilus influenzae in 1995. The document proceeds to provide more detailed explanations of several DNA sequencing methods, such as Sanger sequencing, pyrosequencing, shotgun sequencing, Illumina sequencing, and SOLiD sequencing.
Nanopore sequencing (NGS)
Nanopore DNA sequencing is a fourth generation sequencing technique that involves passing single strands of DNA through a nanopore and detecting changes in electrical current caused by each nucleotide base. There are two main types of nanopores - biological nanopores which are protein channels inserted into membranes, and solid-state nanopores fabricated in thin materials like silicon nitride or graphene. Some examples of biological nanopores used for sequencing are the alpha-hemolysin pore and the MspA pore. Nanopore sequencing has advantages over other techniques in being label-free, capable of very long reads, and requiring low sample amounts. However, challenges remain in slowing DNA translocation for higher resolution and reducing noise in the electrical signals.
DNA MICROARRAY
DNA microarrays allow researchers to study gene expression patterns across thousands of genes simultaneously. Microarrays work by hybridizing fluorescently-labeled cDNA or cRNA to complementary DNA probes affixed to a solid surface, such as a glass slide. There are two main types of microarrays: cDNA microarrays where cDNA fragments are spotted onto glass slides, and in situ synthesized oligonucleotide arrays with short DNA sequences directly built onto chips. Microarrays have numerous applications including gene expression profiling, comparative genomics, disease diagnosis, drug discovery, and toxicology research.
Massively Parallel Signature Sequencing (MPSS)
Lynx Therapeutics' Massively Parallel Signature Sequencing (MPSS) is an early high-throughput DNA sequencing technique. It works by attaching cDNA from an mRNA sample to beads, determining short sequence signatures from many beads in parallel, and using the signatures to count the number of individual mRNA molecules from each gene. This digital gene expression data allows MPSS to accurately quantify genes expressed at low levels by analyzing transcripts from virtually all genes simultaneously. The technique involves converting mRNA to cDNA, attaching oligonucleotide tags, PCR amplification on beads, and using fluorescent probes to determine short sequences in increments of four nucleotides from millions of beads in parallel.
D nase, dms, microarray
This document discusses three techniques for analyzing DNA-protein interactions: DNase footprinting, DMS footprinting, and microarrays. DNase footprinting uses DNase I enzyme to cleave DNA, which is then resolved by gel electrophoresis to identify protein-protected regions. DMS footprinting uses dimethyl sulfate to modify DNA bases, and reverse transcription to detect modifications that indicate protein binding sites. Microarrays immobilize DNA probes on chips to detect target sequences through fluorescent hybridization, allowing analysis of gene expression profiles. These techniques provide insights into protein-DNA binding and structural changes in nucleic acids.
Nucleic Acid Purification
This document discusses different methods for nucleic acid purification. It describes the purpose of nucleic acid purification as extracting ample amounts of DNA or RNA from a limited source while reducing contaminants. Three major purification methods are discussed: spin column-based purification using silica membranes, the Boom method which uses silica beads, and phenol-chloroform extraction which separates nucleic acids from proteins into aqueous phases. Recent trends include automation, commercial kits, and use of chaotropic agents to improve nucleic acid yields and purity.
Protein micro array
Protein microarrays allow high-throughput analysis of protein interactions and functions. They consist of large numbers of capture proteins immobilized on a surface to which labeled probe molecules are added to detect reactions by fluorescence. There are analytical arrays to study protein binding properties and functional arrays containing full-length proteins to assay enzymatic activity and detect antibodies. Protein microarrays have applications in diagnostics, proteomics, analyzing protein interactions and functions, antibody characterization, and treatment development.
Ion torrent
The document summarizes Ion Torrent sequencing technology. It detects hydrogen ions released during DNA polymerization rather than using optics. The sequencing occurs on semiconductor chips patterned through photolithography into wells, each sequencing a different template. As nucleotides are incorporated, hydrogen ions change the pH detected by ion sensors below each well. This allows massively parallel sequencing that is faster, cheaper and simpler than previous technologies.
dnambdbdndndnfnefndnicroarray-201001142025.pdf
DNA microarrays allow analysis of gene expression across thousands of genes simultaneously. They consist of DNA probes attached to a solid surface in an organized grid pattern, with each spot representing a single gene. Samples are labeled with fluorescent dyes and hybridized to the chip. Complementary sequences pair via hydrogen bonds, while non-specific sequences are washed away. The fluorescent signal intensity at each spot indicates the amount of target sequence present and thus gene expression levels. DNA microarrays have applications in clinical diagnosis, drug discovery, and other fields of research.
DNA microarray
DNA microarrays allow analysis of gene expression across thousands of genes simultaneously. They consist of DNA probes attached to a solid surface in an organized grid pattern, with each spot representing a single gene. Samples are labeled with fluorescent dyes and hybridized to the chip. Complementary sequences pair via hydrogen bonds, while non-specific sequences are washed away. The signal intensity at each spot indicates the amount of target sequence present and thus gene expression levels. DNA microarrays have applications in clinical diagnosis, drug discovery, and other fields by profiling gene expression patterns.
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454 pyrosequencing @ujjwalsirohi
454 pyrosequencing is a DNA sequencing method based on detecting pyrophosphate release during nucleotide incorporation. It sequences a single strand of DNA 400-500 base pairs in length. The process involves emulsion PCR to amplify DNA fragments on beads, which are then loaded into wells along with enzymes and substrates. Upon addition of a nucleotide, DNA polymerase incorporates it into the growing strand and releases pyrophosphate, triggering a light-emitting reaction proportional to the amount incorporated and identifying the nucleotide.
Pyrosequencing
Pyrosequencing is a sequencing method that detects light signals from enzymatic reactions triggered by nucleotide additions during DNA synthesis. It was developed in 1996 and allows high-throughput sequencing. There are solid and liquid phase variants, with the latter using an additional enzyme to eliminate washing steps. The process involves preparing DNA fragments, attaching to beads, amplification by PCR, and sequencing by flowing nucleotides over wells containing DNA-coated beads and enzymes, detecting light signals with each nucleotide incorporation.
Metagenomics
Metagenomics is the study of genetic material recovered directly from environmental samples without culturing organisms. It allows researchers to study the 99.9% of microorganisms that cannot be cultured. Metagenomic analyses of ocean samples revealed over a million new genes and unexpected light-energy pathways in bacteria. Metagenomics has two main approaches - sequence-driven which sequences DNA and compares to databases, and function-driven which screens DNA clones for a desired function. Both approaches have limitations but are complementary. Metagenomics has applications in discovering new antibiotics and enzymes and studying human microbiomes and antibiotic resistance.
Microarray
This document provides an overview of DNA microarray technology. It discusses the historical background beginning in the 1970s with Southern blotting and the development of microarrays in the 1980s. The key principles are that DNA microarrays allow analysis of thousands of genes simultaneously and efficiently through orderly arrangement of DNA sequences on a solid surface like glass. The main steps involve preparing the microarray slide through various methods, performing experiments with sample mRNA, fluorescence scanning, and data analysis to understand gene expression patterns. DNA microarray technology has wide applications in studying diseases, toxicology, and stem cell research.
Microarray technology and applications
This document describes the process of DNA microarray technology. It discusses:
- How DNA microarrays work by hybridizing DNA or RNA targets to probes arranged on a solid surface.
- The key steps of microarray experiments including array printing, sample preparation, hybridization, and data acquisition and analysis.
- Different types of microarrays like cDNA microarrays and high-density oligonucleotide arrays.
- Details of probe selection, target labeling, hybridization conditions, scanning, and data analysis.
Ion torrent sequencing
The document discusses Ion Torrent semiconductor sequencing. It begins by providing background on first and next generation sequencing. It then describes Ion Torrent sequencing, noting that it detects pH changes from nucleotide incorporation rather than using modified nucleotides or optics. The principle, procedure involving fragmentation, ligation, amplification and pH detection on a CMOS chip, applications in genetics and medicine, advantages of speed and lower cost, and challenges including high cost per nucleotide and analysis complexity are summarized.
dna microarray
dna microarray,intro to microarry ,priniplle,types.cDNA Microarray
Oligonucleotide AFFIMETRIX GENE CHIP EXPERIMENT
advantages and disadvantages
Next generation sequencing
Next generation sequencing techniques allow for high-throughput DNA sequencing at a lower cost compared to Sanger sequencing. The document focuses on Illumina sequencing and 454 pyrosequencing. In Illumina sequencing, DNA fragments are attached to a flow cell and undergo bridge amplification and sequencing by synthesis using fluorescently labeled nucleotides. 454 pyrosequencing involves emulsion PCR to amplify DNA fragments attached to beads, followed by sequencing using DNA polymerase and a bioluminescent detection of incorporated nucleotides. Both techniques allow for massively parallel sequencing of millions of DNA fragments.
Microarrays;application
Microarrays allow researchers to examine gene expression patterns across thousands of genes simultaneously. A microarray contains probes for known genes that are used to detect complementary mRNA in a biological sample. Microarrays can be used to study gene expression differences between normal and diseased tissues, classify tumor subtypes, and diagnose cancers. They also show promise for personalized cancer treatment by predicting patient prognosis and response to therapy.
DNA microarray
Microarrays allow researchers to analyze gene expression levels across thousands of genes simultaneously. DNA microarrays work by hybridizing fluorescently-labeled cDNA or cRNA to complementary DNA probes attached to a solid surface. This technology has applications in gene expression profiling, disease diagnosis, drug discovery, and toxicology research. While microarrays provide high-throughput analysis, their limitations include not reflecting true protein levels, complex data analysis, expense, and short shelf life of DNA chips.
Microarray by dr.prabhash
Microarrays allow researchers to analyze gene expression and detect mutations across thousands of genes simultaneously. They consist of miniaturized spots containing DNA, proteins, or other biomolecules immobilized on a solid surface. When a fluorescently labeled sample is applied, only matching molecules will hybridize, allowing for quantification. The main types are DNA microarrays for analyzing gene expression, tissue microarrays for pathology studies, and peptide arrays for protein interactions. DNA microarrays use glass slides coated with specific DNA sequences to analyze gene expression profiles in tissues or cells.
S1 Mapping
S1 Mapping is a laboratory method used for locating the start and end points of
transcripts and for mapping introns.
This technique is used for quantifying the amount of mRNA transcripts, it can therefore identify the level of transcription of the gene in the cell at a given time.
DNA Sequencing
This document discusses the history and various methods of DNA sequencing. It begins with a brief overview of DNA sequencing and its uses. It then outlines some of the major developments in DNA sequencing techniques, including the earliest RNA sequencing in 1972, Sanger sequencing in 1977, and the first complete genome of Haemophilus influenzae in 1995. The document proceeds to provide more detailed explanations of several DNA sequencing methods, such as Sanger sequencing, pyrosequencing, shotgun sequencing, Illumina sequencing, and SOLiD sequencing.
Nanopore sequencing (NGS)
Nanopore DNA sequencing is a fourth generation sequencing technique that involves passing single strands of DNA through a nanopore and detecting changes in electrical current caused by each nucleotide base. There are two main types of nanopores - biological nanopores which are protein channels inserted into membranes, and solid-state nanopores fabricated in thin materials like silicon nitride or graphene. Some examples of biological nanopores used for sequencing are the alpha-hemolysin pore and the MspA pore. Nanopore sequencing has advantages over other techniques in being label-free, capable of very long reads, and requiring low sample amounts. However, challenges remain in slowing DNA translocation for higher resolution and reducing noise in the electrical signals.
DNA MICROARRAY
DNA microarrays allow researchers to study gene expression patterns across thousands of genes simultaneously. Microarrays work by hybridizing fluorescently-labeled cDNA or cRNA to complementary DNA probes affixed to a solid surface, such as a glass slide. There are two main types of microarrays: cDNA microarrays where cDNA fragments are spotted onto glass slides, and in situ synthesized oligonucleotide arrays with short DNA sequences directly built onto chips. Microarrays have numerous applications including gene expression profiling, comparative genomics, disease diagnosis, drug discovery, and toxicology research.
Massively Parallel Signature Sequencing (MPSS)
Lynx Therapeutics' Massively Parallel Signature Sequencing (MPSS) is an early high-throughput DNA sequencing technique. It works by attaching cDNA from an mRNA sample to beads, determining short sequence signatures from many beads in parallel, and using the signatures to count the number of individual mRNA molecules from each gene. This digital gene expression data allows MPSS to accurately quantify genes expressed at low levels by analyzing transcripts from virtually all genes simultaneously. The technique involves converting mRNA to cDNA, attaching oligonucleotide tags, PCR amplification on beads, and using fluorescent probes to determine short sequences in increments of four nucleotides from millions of beads in parallel.
D nase, dms, microarray
This document discusses three techniques for analyzing DNA-protein interactions: DNase footprinting, DMS footprinting, and microarrays. DNase footprinting uses DNase I enzyme to cleave DNA, which is then resolved by gel electrophoresis to identify protein-protected regions. DMS footprinting uses dimethyl sulfate to modify DNA bases, and reverse transcription to detect modifications that indicate protein binding sites. Microarrays immobilize DNA probes on chips to detect target sequences through fluorescent hybridization, allowing analysis of gene expression profiles. These techniques provide insights into protein-DNA binding and structural changes in nucleic acids.
Nucleic Acid Purification
This document discusses different methods for nucleic acid purification. It describes the purpose of nucleic acid purification as extracting ample amounts of DNA or RNA from a limited source while reducing contaminants. Three major purification methods are discussed: spin column-based purification using silica membranes, the Boom method which uses silica beads, and phenol-chloroform extraction which separates nucleic acids from proteins into aqueous phases. Recent trends include automation, commercial kits, and use of chaotropic agents to improve nucleic acid yields and purity.
Protein micro array
Protein microarrays allow high-throughput analysis of protein interactions and functions. They consist of large numbers of capture proteins immobilized on a surface to which labeled probe molecules are added to detect reactions by fluorescence. There are analytical arrays to study protein binding properties and functional arrays containing full-length proteins to assay enzymatic activity and detect antibodies. Protein microarrays have applications in diagnostics, proteomics, analyzing protein interactions and functions, antibody characterization, and treatment development.
Ion torrent
The document summarizes Ion Torrent sequencing technology. It detects hydrogen ions released during DNA polymerization rather than using optics. The sequencing occurs on semiconductor chips patterned through photolithography into wells, each sequencing a different template. As nucleotides are incorporated, hydrogen ions change the pH detected by ion sensors below each well. This allows massively parallel sequencing that is faster, cheaper and simpler than previous technologies.
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Similar to Microarray
dnambdbdndndnfnefndnicroarray-201001142025.pdf
DNA microarrays allow analysis of gene expression across thousands of genes simultaneously. They consist of DNA probes attached to a solid surface in an organized grid pattern, with each spot representing a single gene. Samples are labeled with fluorescent dyes and hybridized to the chip. Complementary sequences pair via hydrogen bonds, while non-specific sequences are washed away. The fluorescent signal intensity at each spot indicates the amount of target sequence present and thus gene expression levels. DNA microarrays have applications in clinical diagnosis, drug discovery, and other fields of research.
DNA microarray
DNA microarrays allow analysis of gene expression across thousands of genes simultaneously. They consist of DNA probes attached to a solid surface in an organized grid pattern, with each spot representing a single gene. Samples are labeled with fluorescent dyes and hybridized to the chip. Complementary sequences pair via hydrogen bonds, while non-specific sequences are washed away. The signal intensity at each spot indicates the amount of target sequence present and thus gene expression levels. DNA microarrays have applications in clinical diagnosis, drug discovery, and other fields by profiling gene expression patterns.
Miarray:A new Technology For Life Science
Md. Abdul Momin presented on DNA microarray technology. Microarrays allow researchers to analyze gene expression levels of thousands of genes simultaneously using DNA probes attached to a solid surface. The presentation covered the history and principles of microarray technology, types of microarrays including glass cDNA and in situ oligonucleotide arrays, and applications such as disease diagnosis, drug discovery, and toxicology research. Microarrays are a powerful tool for functional genomics and comparative analysis across many fields of study.
DNA Microarray notes.pdf
The DNA microarray is a tool used to determine whether the DNA from a particular individual contains a mutation in genes like BRCA1 and BRCA2. The chip consists of a small glass plate encased in plastic. Some companies manufacture microarrays using methods similar to those used to make computer microchips.
A DNA microarray is a collection of microscopic DNA spots attached to a solid surface. Scientists use DNA microarrays to measure the expression levels of large numbers of genes simultaneously or to genotype multiple regions of a genome. Each DNA spot contains picomoles of a specific DNA sequence, known as probes.
This chapter provides an overview of DNA microarrays. Microarrays are a technology in which 1000’s of nucleic acids are bound to a surface and are used to measure the relative concentration of nucleic acid sequences in a mixture via hybridization and subsequent detection of the hybridization events. We first cover the history of microarrays and the antecedent technologies that led to their development. We then discuss the methods of manufacture of microarrays and the most common biological applications. The chapter ends with a brief discussion of the limitations of microarrays and discusses how microarrays are being rapidly replaced by DNA sequencing technologies.
DNA Microarray notes.pdf
The DNA microarray is a tool used to determine whether the DNA from a particular individual contains a mutation in genes like BRCA1 and BRCA2. The chip consists of a small glass plate encased in plastic. Some companies manufacture microarrays using methods similar to those used to make computer microchips.
DNA Microarray analysis in proteomics bio informatics
DNA microarrays are solid surfaces with DNA probes attached in an organized grid pattern that allow analysis of tens of thousands of genes simultaneously. They work by hybridizing fluorescently labeled cDNA or RNA samples to complementary DNA probes on the array, then using a scanner to detect which genes are expressed based on the fluorescent signals. The two main types are cDNA microarrays which use amplified cDNA fragments as probes, and oligonucleotide arrays which use short DNA sequences as probes.
MICROARRAY
Microarray technology allows researchers to analyze the expression levels of thousands of genes simultaneously using DNA probes attached to a solid surface. There are two main types of microarrays: glass cDNA microarrays which involve spotting pre-fabricated cDNA fragments on glass slides; and high-density oligonucleotide arrays which involve the in situ synthesis of oligonucleotides on a chip. The key steps in a microarray experiment are sample preparation and labeling, hybridization of labeled cDNA to the probes, washing, and image analysis to quantify gene expression levels. Microarrays have numerous applications including gene expression profiling, comparative genomics, disease diagnosis, drug discovery, and toxicology research.
Nucleic acid microarray.pptx
This document provides an overview of nucleic acid microarrays. It discusses that a microarray is a tool used to detect gene expression of thousands of genes simultaneously. It outlines the history, principles, types (DNA, protein, tissue), and applications of microarray technology, including for gene expression profiling, comparative genomics, disease diagnosis, drug discovery, and toxicology research. The principles involve fluorescent labeling of samples, hybridization to probes on an array, washing, and image analysis to determine gene expression levels.
Seminar
This document provides an overview of DNA microarrays. It begins with a brief introduction defining DNA microarrays and their use in analyzing gene expression. Next, it discusses the history and basic aspects of microarrays, including how oligonucleotides are coupled to a surface, sample preparation and hybridization, and scanning and data analysis. Applications of microarrays like gene expression analysis and limitations are also outlined. The document concludes with references used to compile the information presented.
dna microarray .pptx
Sampath Kumar presented a seminar on DNA microarrays. He discussed that DNA microarrays can detect the simultaneous expression of thousands of genes using nucleic acids immobilized on a chip. The seminar covered how DNA microarrays work including sample collection, mRNA to cDNA synthesis, cDNA tagging, hybridization, scanning, and data analysis. It also discussed the types of DNA microarrays and applications in fields like medicine, disease research, and pharmacogenomics. Limitations including cross-hybridization and technological challenges were also presented. The seminar concluded that DNA microarrays have revolutionized genetic analysis while still facing limitations, and will continue to be important with technological advances.
Nucleic acid microarray
The above presentation consist of the definition of microarray, brief history, general principle of the same, the type of scanner that are used to read or to scan the microarray , type of DNA microarray and finally its various apliccation including the role of DNA microaarray in drug discovery.
Microarray
DNA microarrays contain thousands of DNA sequences attached to a solid surface in defined positions. Each DNA spot represents a single gene. The document describes the basic protocol for a DNA microarray experiment which involves isolating mRNA from samples, labeling the mRNA, hybridizing it to the microarray, and scanning the microarray to quantify gene expression levels. It also discusses various types of microarrays classified by their probes, such as cDNA, oligonucleotide, and SNP microarrays, as well as parameters that affect microarray fabrication.
DNA MICROARRAY TECHNOLOGY FOR PRINCIPLE OF DRUG DISCOVERY
This document discusses DNA microarray technology. It begins with an introduction, explaining that DNA microarrays allow analysis of thousands of genes simultaneously through hybridization of fluorescently labeled DNA probes to a microarray slide. It then covers the principles of DNA microarrays, including the types (cDNA and oligonucleotide), how they are constructed with probes immobilized on a solid surface, and how hybridization allows analysis of gene expression profiles. Applications discussed include drug discovery, disease diagnostics, and functional genomics. Advantages are high-throughput analysis and ability to study many genes, while disadvantages include potential for false results from single experiments.
A comprehensive study of microarray
Molecular Biology research evolves through the development of the technologies used for carrying them out. It is not possible to research on a large number of genes using traditional methods
DNA MICROARRAY TECHNIQUES
This document discusses DNA microarrays, including:
1. DNA microarrays contain many DNA probes attached to a solid surface that allow measurement of gene expression levels or genotyping of many regions simultaneously through hybridization.
2. The core principle is hybridization - complementary nucleic acid sequences pair through hydrogen bonds, and fluorescent labeling allows detection of binding to quantify expression.
3. DNA microarrays have many applications including gene expression profiling, disease diagnosis, drug discovery, and toxicology research.
DNA CHIPS AND MICROARRAY.pptx
DNA microarrays, also known as DNA chips or biochips, allow researchers to measure gene expression levels or genotype multiple genomic regions simultaneously. They work by hybridizing sample DNA to probes attached to a solid surface based on complementary base pairing. Researchers can now run thousands of samples at once under identical conditions using microarray technology. It has accelerated genetic research by enabling many tests to be done in parallel. Microarray data analysis involves image analysis, data processing, and statistical classification methods to organize and interpret the large datasets generated.
Microarray technology, biochip, DNA chip
Introduction
Definition
History
Principle
Types
CDNA array
Oligonucleotide array
Microarray experiments
Microarray fabrication
Application
Microarray database
Conclusion
Reference
Study of microarray
Vikas Kumar Singh submitted an assignment on microarrays to Dr. Shailendra Sharma at Chaudhary Charan Singh University. The document discusses different types of microarrays including DNA, protein, and tissue microarrays. It focuses on DNA microarrays, explaining that they are a collection of DNA spots attached to a solid surface that can analyze thousands of genes simultaneously. Two main types are cDNA microarrays, where DNA fragments are spotted onto glass slides, and oligonucleotide microarrays, where short DNA sequences are synthesized directly onto slides. DNA microarrays have applications in gene expression profiling, drug discovery, and diagnostics.
Dna microarray
DNA Microarray for gene expression applied in medical condition for comparision of gene expressed in infected individual to that of normal individual or healthy individual.
Dna microarray and its role in plant pathology
DNA microarrays can be used to diagnose plant diseases by detecting pathogens. Microarrays work by hybridizing DNA samples to probes on a chip or slide. They allow researchers to simultaneously analyze thousands of genes. Studies show microarrays can identify fungi, bacteria, viruses, and phytoplasmas faster and more efficiently than existing methods like PCR and ELISA. Microarrays have also been used to study gene expression, toxicology, comparative genomics, and for applications in drug discovery and disease classification. They are a powerful tool but further development of portable biosensors may make disease detection even more accessible.
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Microarray
- 1. MICROARRAY R. PERUMAL 2016603110 M. Sc., FLORICULTURE & LANDSCAPING
- 2. WHAT IS ARRAY??? An array is an orderly arrangement of samples where matching of known and unknown DNA samples is done based on base pairing rules. An array experiment makes use of common assay systems such as microplates or standard blotting membranes.
- 3. HISTORICAL BACKGROUND Microarray technology evolved from Southern blotting The concept of DNA microarrays began in the mid 1980s. Mark Schena was proclaimed as the “Father of Microarray Technology” Mark Schena
- 4. MICROARRAY Microarrays are sets of miniaturized chemical reaction areas that may be used to test DNA fragments, antibodies, or proteins Each reaction area or spot is having immobilised target which is hybridised with complimentary probe present in the testing sample
- 5. PRINCIPLE The core principle behind microarrays is hybridization between two DNA strands. Fluorescent labeled target sequences that bind to a probe sequence generate a signal that depends on the strength of the hybridization determined by the number of paired bases.
- 6. “Microarray” has become a general term, there are many types now DNA microarrays Protein microarrays Transfection microarrays Antibody microarray Tissue microarray Chemical compound microarray
- 7. DNA MICROARRAY A DNA microarray is a collection of microscopic DNA spots on solid surface. Each spot contains pico moles of a specific DNA sequence, known as probes or reporters Used for detection of polymorphisms and mutations in genomic DNA Commonly known as DNA chip, DNA arrays or biochips Bio chip is a small rectangular solid surface that is made of glass or silicone
- 8. TYPES OF DNA MICROARRAY i. Glass cDNA microarrays which involves the micro spotting of pre- fabricated cDNA fragments on a glass slide. ii. High-density oligonucleotide microarrays often referred to as a "chip" which involves in situ oligonucleotide synthesis.
- 9. STEPS I. Collect Samples II. Isolate mRNA III. Create Labelled DNA IV. Hybridization V. Microarray Scanner VI. Analyze Data
- 10. EQUIPMENT'S
- 11. HYBRIDIZATION Hybridization for 16-20 hrs at 45-60⁰ C
- 13. IMAGE ACQUISITION Unbound material is washed away and the sample hybridized to each element is visualized by fluorescence detection. Fluorescence emission from the microarray is converted into a digital output for each dye, and is stored as separate image files.
- 14. DNA MICROARRAY SCANNER Fluorescent intensity is measured
- 15. THE COLOURS OF A MICROARRAY GREEN represents Control DNA, where either DNA or cDNA derived from normal tissue is hybridized to the target DNA. RED represents Sample DNA, where either DNA or cDNA is derived from diseased tissue hybridized to the target DNA. YELLOW represents a combination of Control and Sample DNA, where both hybridized equally to the target DNA. BLACK represents areas where neither the Control nor Sample DNA hybridized to the target DNA.
- 18. APPLICATIONS OF MICROARRAY TECHNOLOGY
- 19. CONCLUSION Microarrays measure the concentration of mRNA Several assumptions are made in the progress of analysis Biological Numerical Experimental conditions are important! Different distances matrics combined with different clustering algorithms can leed to completely different results
- 20. THANK YOU