This document summarizes the production of Alpinia purpurata, also known as red ginger. It discusses the plant's description, soil and climate requirements, propagation methods including offshoots and rhizomes, planting, fertilization, irrigation, pruning, harvesting, grading standards, storage, packing and shipping. Red ginger is commonly propagated through offshoots and rhizomes and prefers well-drained soil, partial shade, and temperatures under 30°C. It requires regular irrigation and fertilization to produce marketable flowers from early summer to late summer.
Barleria and celosia are the traditional under utilized flower crop therefore their information not most available in the books and other sources so we makes some effort for preparing presentation
Marigold - introduction and uses – varieties - soil and climate and planting systems - weed, nutrition and irrigation management –special horticultural practices - role of growth regulators- harvest index and yield
Barleria and celosia are the traditional under utilized flower crop therefore their information not most available in the books and other sources so we makes some effort for preparing presentation
Marigold - introduction and uses – varieties - soil and climate and planting systems - weed, nutrition and irrigation management –special horticultural practices - role of growth regulators- harvest index and yield
Carnation- introduction and uses – varieties – media and environment- Fumigation - filed preparation - planting systems – nutrition and fertigation - weed management – training and pruning – special horticultural practices - role of growth regulators- physiological disorders and its control measures- harvest index and yield
Gomphrena and Ixora - introduction and uses – varieties - soil and climate and planting systems - weed, nutrition and irrigation management – role of growth regulators- harvest index and yield
Gerbera - introduction and uses – varieties – media and environment- Fumigation - filed preparation - planting systems – nutrition and fertigation - weed management – training and pruning – special horticultural practices - role of growth regulators- physiological disorders and its control measures- harvest index and yield
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Cultivation of marigold. production technology of marigold .Arvind Yadav
Genomic classification of marigold.African marigold(Tagetes erecta).CN- 2n=24.Family-Composity/Asteraceae. Origin ---Maxico and South america.
French marigold(Tagetes patula).CN-2n=48
.Family-composity/Asteraceae
.Origin-Maxico and South america
There are about 33 species of the genus tagetes. Some of important are fallows1-Tagetes erecta(African marigold)2-Tagetes ptula(French marigold ). Other important species1-Tagetes tenuifolia-(Bushy type, Less than 30cm)2-Tagetes lacera-(Grow upto 120-150cm in height)3-tagetes lemmonii(Glow upto 60-70cm height besrs small slowers)There are about 33 species of the genus tagetes. Some of important are fallows1-Tagetes erecta(African marigold)2-Tagetes ptula(French marigold ). Other important species1-Tagetes tenuifolia-(Bushy type, Less than 30cm)2-Tagetes lacera-(Grow upto 120-150cm in height)3-tagetes lemmonii(Glow upto 60-70cm height besrs small slowers)
Carrot cultivation based on botany, plant characteristic, soil, climate, variety and varietal characteristic, problem in cultivation and their management practices and storage and post harvest handling.
Asparagus and dracaena - Species and varieties - Production technologyDr. M. Kumaresan Hort.
FOLIAGE FILLERS - Asparagus and Dracaena - introduction and uses – varieties – propagation - planting systems and methods – nutrition and water management - role of growth regulators- harvest index and yield
The pineapple is a tropical and subtropical fruit .
Pineapple (Ananas comosus) is one of the commercially important fruit crops of India.
Total annual world production is estimated at 14.6 MT of fruits.
India is the fifth largest producer of pineapple with an annual output of about 1.2 MT.
common throughout the Bromeliaceae but Ananus is typically diploid (2n=2X=50)while pseudananas is tetraploid (2n=4X=100).Some triplod genotype with 2n=3x=75(e.g. Cayenne BR59,Spanish GU75-2 and DOS indios BR47)have also reported to exist.
Other leading producers are Thailand, Philippines, Brazil, China, Nigeria, Mexico, Indonesia, Colombia and USA.Cultivation of pineapple originated in Brazil.
Carnation- introduction and uses – varieties – media and environment- Fumigation - filed preparation - planting systems – nutrition and fertigation - weed management – training and pruning – special horticultural practices - role of growth regulators- physiological disorders and its control measures- harvest index and yield
Gomphrena and Ixora - introduction and uses – varieties - soil and climate and planting systems - weed, nutrition and irrigation management – role of growth regulators- harvest index and yield
Gerbera - introduction and uses – varieties – media and environment- Fumigation - filed preparation - planting systems – nutrition and fertigation - weed management – training and pruning – special horticultural practices - role of growth regulators- physiological disorders and its control measures- harvest index and yield
Tuberose - introduction and uses – varieties - soil and climate and planting systems - weed, nutrition and irrigation management – special horticultural practices - role of growth regulators- harvest index and yield
Cultivation of marigold. production technology of marigold .Arvind Yadav
Genomic classification of marigold.African marigold(Tagetes erecta).CN- 2n=24.Family-Composity/Asteraceae. Origin ---Maxico and South america.
French marigold(Tagetes patula).CN-2n=48
.Family-composity/Asteraceae
.Origin-Maxico and South america
There are about 33 species of the genus tagetes. Some of important are fallows1-Tagetes erecta(African marigold)2-Tagetes ptula(French marigold ). Other important species1-Tagetes tenuifolia-(Bushy type, Less than 30cm)2-Tagetes lacera-(Grow upto 120-150cm in height)3-tagetes lemmonii(Glow upto 60-70cm height besrs small slowers)There are about 33 species of the genus tagetes. Some of important are fallows1-Tagetes erecta(African marigold)2-Tagetes ptula(French marigold ). Other important species1-Tagetes tenuifolia-(Bushy type, Less than 30cm)2-Tagetes lacera-(Grow upto 120-150cm in height)3-tagetes lemmonii(Glow upto 60-70cm height besrs small slowers)
Carrot cultivation based on botany, plant characteristic, soil, climate, variety and varietal characteristic, problem in cultivation and their management practices and storage and post harvest handling.
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FOLIAGE FILLERS - Asparagus and Dracaena - introduction and uses – varieties – propagation - planting systems and methods – nutrition and water management - role of growth regulators- harvest index and yield
The pineapple is a tropical and subtropical fruit .
Pineapple (Ananas comosus) is one of the commercially important fruit crops of India.
Total annual world production is estimated at 14.6 MT of fruits.
India is the fifth largest producer of pineapple with an annual output of about 1.2 MT.
common throughout the Bromeliaceae but Ananus is typically diploid (2n=2X=50)while pseudananas is tetraploid (2n=4X=100).Some triplod genotype with 2n=3x=75(e.g. Cayenne BR59,Spanish GU75-2 and DOS indios BR47)have also reported to exist.
Other leading producers are Thailand, Philippines, Brazil, China, Nigeria, Mexico, Indonesia, Colombia and USA.Cultivation of pineapple originated in Brazil.
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Photoshop: Leading digital image editing application for internet, print, and other new media disciplines
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Botanical Name : Heliconia spp. (hel-I-KO-nee-a)
Family : Heliconiaceae
Order: Zingiberales
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Family : Heliconiaceae
Order: Zingiberales
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2. Introduction
Common name : Red ginger
Botanical name : Alpinia purpurata
Family : Zingiberaceae
Foliage : Evergreen
Size : Height up to 12 ft., Width up to 3 ft.
Flowering period : Early summer to late summer
Foliage color : Red, white, pink
The genus is named after the Italian botanist Prosper Alpinus
3. Soil Requirement
A well-drained fertile one
Porous sandy loam to clay loam soils should be selected for
cultivation
pH: 6 -7.5 is optimum
Soil should have good amount of organic matter.
Monoculture should be avoided.
Chlorosis due to high pH in calcareous soils is a common problem
4. Climatic Requirement
• Being tropical plant can tolerate up to 30oC
• Partial shade is required for optimum flowering
• Can grow up to 1500 ft. elevation
6. Seeds
Seeds are rarely produced
Sow seeds shallow in a moist, slightly acidic, well drained
organic medium
Seeds germinate in 2–3 weeks
7. Rhizome
• Some cultivars do not develop offshoots and must be
propagated by rhizome divisions. Divide the rhizomatous mat
into small clumps of one to four stems.
• Plant them 2 inches below the surface in vermiculite or any
well drained medium.
• Rhizome propagated plants typically produce marketable
flowers within a year when planted in beds.
8. Offshoots
• Inflorescences develop aerial offshoots (small
plantlets) from the sides of the bracts (the bract axils).
These offshoots can be used as the source of new
plants.
• Rooting of offshoots is improved with 500 ppm
auxin (IBA or NAA), although they can be rooted
without hormone treatment.
.
9. Planting
First prepare the bed by ploughing to a fine tilth.
Sterilize by applying Dazomet @ 30g/sq. m
Spacing: 30x30 cm
Beds: 3x1m (40 plants)
Closer spacing increases yield per unit of production area, but
yield per plant is reduced
Less dense plantings permit greater per-plant yields
10.
11. Manuring and fertilization
A basal dose of 10 to 15 tons of FYM/ha along with 75:75:50
kg/ha of NPK is recommended
The suggested minimum elemental content of healthy green
foliage is 2% N, 0.16% P, 1.8% K, 1.8% Ca, and 0.4% Mg.
Increasing nitrogen fertilizer increases the number of
marketable flowers
12. Irrigation
Keep the soil moist
Red ginger requires 1 inch or more of water per week from
irrigation during droughty periods
The best flower quality is achieved with generous irrigation
13. Pruning
Prune to remove spent flowering shoots and yellowed
and unsightly foliage.
Cut off spent flowers at the ground.
14. Harvesting
Time to harvest is shorter in the summer than in the winter
Inflorescences are harvested in the early morning while still
turgid
Bracts are about two-thirds to three-fourths open, as an
immature flower has a longer shelf life than a mature flower
Floral spikes are harvested about 4 - 5 months after stem
emergence
Production is year-round, the greatest number of flowers is
produced during the summer months
15. Red ginger is often heavily
infested with ants, aphids,
soft scales, and mealybugs
17. Postharvest life
Postharvest life is increased by use of floral preservatives
containing 2% sucrose and 8-HQC (8-hydroxyquinoline
citrate), antitranspirants, or simply precutting the stems
Hot water treatment of red ginger at 120–122°F for 12–15
minutes extends postharvest life, kills most of the pests
that infest red ginger, and reduces the geotropic response
18. Grades and standards
For Hawaii Standard grade, an
inflorescence length of 6 inches
is preferred. The cut end of the
stem should be a minimum of 3/8
- inch diameter
19. Storage
Store red ginger at 54.5–59°F, making sure that the flowers do
not exhibit chill damage symptoms such as off colored
(grayish or bluish) blooms.
The inflorescence has a strong geotropic response and should
be stored upright in water to avoid bending. A holding solution
of 2% sucrose (w/v) is recommended.
To maintain the best quality, the relative humidity should be
greater than 90%.
20. Packing
• Allow flowers to air-dry before packing
• Red ginger stems are packed flat, singly or bunched, in
standard or insulated fiberboard boxes or cartons. Single
stems are layered in rows in the box.
• Bunches may be wrapped in a polyethylene film, or
moistened, shredded newspaper may be packed around
the bunches, with unshredded newspaper separating the
layers.
21. Shipping
To prevent geotropic bending during shipping, it is
preferable that the boxes be kept upright, so that the
stems are in a vertical orientation
Holding temperature should be no lower than 59°F