Metals are opaque and highly reflective. They reflect most visible light due to their continuous empty electron states that allow electrons to absorb and re-emit light of the same wavelength. Silver reflects almost all light wavelengths, while gold's color is due to some light photons not being reemitted visibly. Nonmetals may absorb, reflect, refract, or transmit light depending on their electron band structure and properties like index of refraction.
Photoluminescence Spectroscopy for studying Electron-Hole pair recombination ...RunjhunDutta
Description of Photoluminescence Spectroscopy: Principle, Instrumentation & Application.
Three research papers have been summarized which lay stress on Photoluminescence Study for Electron-Hole Pair Recombination for characterizing the properties of semiconductors used in Photoelectrochemical Splitting of Water.
Photoluminescence Spectroscopy for studying Electron-Hole pair recombination ...RunjhunDutta
Description of Photoluminescence Spectroscopy: Principle, Instrumentation & Application.
Three research papers have been summarized which lay stress on Photoluminescence Study for Electron-Hole Pair Recombination for characterizing the properties of semiconductors used in Photoelectrochemical Splitting of Water.
This is a power point presentation of project work on preparing Zinc oxide thin films by using SILAR technique and CBD technique and studying its characteristics.
Photonic crystals are periodic dielectric structures that have a band gap that forbids propagation of a certain frequency range of light. This property enables one to control light with amazing facility and produce effects that are impossible with conventional optics.Photonic crystals can be fabricated for one, two, or three dimensions. One-dimensional photonic crystals can be made of layers deposited or stuck together. Two-dimensional ones can be made by photolithography, or by drilling holes in a suitable substrate. Fabrication methods for three-dimensional ones include drilling under different angles, stacking multiple 2-D layers on top of each other, direct laser writing, or, for example, instigating self-assembly of spheres in a matrix and dissolving the spheres
Introducation to optical properties and also relation with nano material. As most of the properties are similar for simple and nano material only some fundamental points are changed.
X-Ray photoelectron spectroscopy, XPS was used to investigate the chemistry at the surface of the samples. The basic mechanism behind an XPS instrument is that the photons of a specific energy are used to excite the electronic states of atoms at and just below the surface of the sample.
There are several areas suited to measurement by XPS:
1. Elemental composition
2. Empirical formula determination
3. Chemical state
4. Electronic state
5. Binding energy
6. Layer thickness in the upper portion of surfaces
XPS has many advantages, such as it is is good for identifying all but two elements, identifying the chemical state on surfaces, and is good with quantitative analysis. XPS is capable of detecting the difference in chemical state between samples. XPS is also able to differentiate between oxidations states of molecules.
XPS has also some limitations, for instance, samples for XPS must be compatible with the ultra high vacuum environment. XPS is limited to measurements of elements having atomic numbers of 3 or greater, making it unable to detect hydrogen or helium. XPS spectra also take a long time to obtain. The use of a monochromator can also reduce the time per experiment.
origin of quantum physics -
Inadequacy of classical mechanics and birth of QUANTUM PHYSICS
ref: Quantum mechanics: concepts and applications, N. Zettili
Perovskite: introduction, classification, structure of perovskite, method to synthesis, characterization by XRD and UV- vis spectroscopy , lambert beer's law, material properties and advantage and application.
This is a power point presentation of project work on preparing Zinc oxide thin films by using SILAR technique and CBD technique and studying its characteristics.
Photonic crystals are periodic dielectric structures that have a band gap that forbids propagation of a certain frequency range of light. This property enables one to control light with amazing facility and produce effects that are impossible with conventional optics.Photonic crystals can be fabricated for one, two, or three dimensions. One-dimensional photonic crystals can be made of layers deposited or stuck together. Two-dimensional ones can be made by photolithography, or by drilling holes in a suitable substrate. Fabrication methods for three-dimensional ones include drilling under different angles, stacking multiple 2-D layers on top of each other, direct laser writing, or, for example, instigating self-assembly of spheres in a matrix and dissolving the spheres
Introducation to optical properties and also relation with nano material. As most of the properties are similar for simple and nano material only some fundamental points are changed.
X-Ray photoelectron spectroscopy, XPS was used to investigate the chemistry at the surface of the samples. The basic mechanism behind an XPS instrument is that the photons of a specific energy are used to excite the electronic states of atoms at and just below the surface of the sample.
There are several areas suited to measurement by XPS:
1. Elemental composition
2. Empirical formula determination
3. Chemical state
4. Electronic state
5. Binding energy
6. Layer thickness in the upper portion of surfaces
XPS has many advantages, such as it is is good for identifying all but two elements, identifying the chemical state on surfaces, and is good with quantitative analysis. XPS is capable of detecting the difference in chemical state between samples. XPS is also able to differentiate between oxidations states of molecules.
XPS has also some limitations, for instance, samples for XPS must be compatible with the ultra high vacuum environment. XPS is limited to measurements of elements having atomic numbers of 3 or greater, making it unable to detect hydrogen or helium. XPS spectra also take a long time to obtain. The use of a monochromator can also reduce the time per experiment.
origin of quantum physics -
Inadequacy of classical mechanics and birth of QUANTUM PHYSICS
ref: Quantum mechanics: concepts and applications, N. Zettili
Perovskite: introduction, classification, structure of perovskite, method to synthesis, characterization by XRD and UV- vis spectroscopy , lambert beer's law, material properties and advantage and application.
Optical properties such as UV/vis spectra and polarizability can be predicted with new features in Materials Studio DMol3 5.5. This presenation provides some background on the implementaiton as well as case studies.
Advanced Optical Materials was issued as a section of Advanced Materials in 2012 and launched as an individual journal under the same name in 2013. Publishing formats for the section of Advanced Materials were three or four page (short) communications, detailed full papers, and reviews. The stated purpose of this section was to communicate significant discoveries which advance the fields of photonics, plasmonics, and metamaterials. Fundamental research is also covered.....
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RING GAUGES
Ring gauges are mainly used for checking the diameter of shafts having a central hole. The hole is accurately finished by grinding and lapping after taking hardening process.
The periphery of the ring is knurled to give more grips while handling the gauges. We have to make two ring gauges separately to check the shaft such as GO ring gauge and NOGO ring gauge.
But the hole of GO ring gauge is made to the upper limit size of the shaft and NOGO for the lower limit.
While checking the shaft, the GO ring gauge will pass through the shaft and NOGO will not pass.
To identify the NOGO ring gauges easily, a red mark or a small groove cut on its periphery.
4. Silver and Gold Silver is silver because when it is exposed to white light, it reflects almost all of the light. Gold is gold because some of the energy associated with light photons having short wavelengths is not reemitted as visible light.
5. Optical Properties of Nonmetals Nonmetallic materials may absorb, reflect, refract or transmit light depending on their electron energy band structures
![Optical Properties of Metals ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/mete143opticalproperties0307-101007112042-phpapp01/85/MetE143-Optical-Properties-1-320.jpg)
![[object Object],[object Object],Opaque metals](data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAIAAAAAAAP///yH5BAEAAAAALAAAAAABAAEAAAIBRAA7)