Atomic magnetic moment of Materials
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The document discusses atomic magnetic moments, which can be classified into two types: orbital magnetic moments, due to an electron's orbital angular momentum as it orbits the atom's nucleus, and spin magnetic moments, due to the electron's intrinsic spin. An orbiting electron creates an equivalent orbital magnetic dipole moment, while the electron's spin results in a spin magnetic moment that precesses around the atom.
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The present article gives the fundamental properties magnetism, different materials, properties of different magnetic materials like, dia,para and ferro magnetic materials. The notes also explain how magnetism appear in materials, type of magnets and brief applications of magnetic materials. The materials is best for undergraduate science and engineering students and any other people of interest in magnetism
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This document discusses magnetic forces and fields. It describes three types of magnets: ferromagnetic, paramagnetic, and electromagnets. An electromagnet becomes magnetic under the influence of electric current flowing through a wire and is the basis for electric motors. The Earth acts as a giant electromagnet due to electric currents in its liquid outer core generating a magnetic field, which protects us from solar particles and causes the aurora borealis.
Spintronics
a branch of nano electronics that will improve technology by adding new freedom degrees to electronic for transfer and store information better than electronic devices :)
Magnetic Materials - PPT.pdf
Magnetic materials can be classified as diamagnetic, paramagnetic, ferromagnetic, antiferromagnetic, or ferrimagnetic based on their response to an external magnetic field. Ferromagnetic materials like iron exhibit a strong attraction to magnetic fields and retain magnetization after the external field is removed due to the alignment of magnetic dipoles within domains. Ferrimagnetic materials like ferrites have anti-parallel dipoles of different magnitudes, producing a net magnetic moment. Magnetic semiconductors that exhibit both ferromagnetism and semiconductor properties have applications in spintronics and quantum computing.
Mriphysics shashi (2)
MRI uses strong magnetic fields and radio waves to produce detailed images of the inside of the body. It provides a non-invasive alternative to CT or X-ray imaging. Key developments included Paul Lauterbur demonstrating the use of magnetic field gradients to localize signals in 3D (1973), Richard Ernst introducing the technique of k-space imaging (1975), and Peter Mansfield developing echo-planar imaging (1977). MRI works by aligning hydrogen protons in tissues when placed in a magnetic field, then using radio pulses to produce signals as the protons relax back to their original alignment. These signals are localized in 3D using magnetic field gradients to generate detailed images.
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Fundamental elements of-electrical-engineering circuit theory basic stardelta
The document discusses various topics related to magnetism. It defines key terms like magnetic pole, magnetic axis, and pole strength. It describes different types of magnets such as natural magnets, permanent magnets, and electromagnets. Permanent magnets retain their magnetic properties indefinitely, while electromagnets only exhibit magnetism when electric current is passed through them. Electromagnets are widely used in applications like electric generators, motors, cranes and medical devices due to their adjustable magnetic field strength. Soft iron can be magnetized temporarily using an electromagnet, while steel retains magnetism and is used to make permanent bar magnets.
Electrical and magnetic physical phenomena and effects used.pptx
Electrical and magnetic phenomena are related and have many practical applications. Electricity is produced by the movement of charged particles like electrons and protons, which can create attractive or repulsive forces. Magnetism is a physical phenomenon mediated by magnetic fields, which are created by electric currents or the magnetic moments of elementary particles. Electromagnetic induction occurs when a changing magnetic field generates an electric field, or vice versa, as discovered by Michael Faraday. This principle allows the generation of electric currents from magnetic fields without batteries, and is the basis for technologies like transformers, motors, and generators.
Electricity and Magnetism
Magnetism and electromagnetism are properties that allow certain materials to interact with magnetic fields. Magnetism arises from the spin of electrons within atoms. Electromagnetism is the study of the interaction between electric charges and magnetic fields. Magnets can attract or repel other magnetic materials and have distinct north and south poles. Various scientists like Oersted, Gilbert, Ampere, and Faraday contributed important discoveries about electromagnetism through experiments. Lenz's law and Faraday's law describe key principles of electromagnetic induction. Transformers, generators, motors, and other devices utilize the principles of electromagnetism.
06 chapter1
This document provides an introduction to spintronics and half-metallic ferromagnetic materials. It discusses how spintronics devices manipulate electron spin in addition to charge to process and store information. Spintronic devices are classified into three types: ferromagnetic metal alloy devices, semiconductor devices, and quantum computing devices. Half-metallic ferromagnets are ideal for spintronics as they have 100% spin polarization at the Fermi level. Several transition metal compounds have been predicted or shown to exhibit half-metallic ferromagnetism, including some Heusler alloys.
Moving Charges and Magnetism.pdf
Moving charges and magnetism are closely linked, forming the basis for technologies like electric motors and generators. Hans Christian Oersted and Michael Faraday's experiments showed the connection between electricity and magnetism through Oersted discovering a current-carrying wire could deflect a magnetic needle and Faraday demonstrating that a changing magnetic field induces an electric current. A magnetic field is a region where a moving charged particle experiences a magnetic force, and understanding the interaction of moving charges and magnetic fields through principles like the right-hand rule and Ampere's law is fundamental to electromagnetism and has applications in devices from MRI machines to particle accelerators.
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Atomic magnetic moment of Materials
- 1. Atomic Magnetic Moment Hamdard University Bangladesh
- 2. Introduction Many electrical engineering device such as inductors, transformer, rotating machines and ferrite antennas are based on utilizing the magnetic properties of materials. There are many instances where permanent magnets are also used. Magnetic properties of materials involve concepts based on the magnetic dipole moment.
- 3. Magnetic Dipole Moment If the circulating current is I and area enclosed by the current is A then the magnetic moment 𝜇 𝑚 is defined by, Definition of a magnetic dipole moment.
- 4. Atomic Magnetic Moment Atomic magnetic moment can be classified into two types: o orbital magnetic moment. o spin magnetic moment. An orbital magnetic moment due to orbital angular momentum. A spin magnetic moment due to electron spin.
- 5. Orbital magnetic moment (𝜇 𝑜𝑟𝑏) An orbiting electron is equivalent to a magnetic dipole moment (𝜇 𝑜𝑟𝑏)
- 6. Spin magnetic moment (𝜇 𝑠𝑝𝑖𝑛) The spin magnetic moment precesses