A composite is a material made from two or more constituent materials with distinct properties. Nanocomposites contain one phase with nanoscale features like nanoparticles, nanotubes, or lamellar structures. Good interaction between the nanoparticles and matrix and good dispersion of particles in the matrix improve composite properties. Nanocomposites can be classified based on dimensionality of the nanomaterial or synthesis method and have applications like flame retardancy, high mechanical properties, and gas barrier performance. They are characterized using techniques like TEM, SEM, AFM, and XRD. Polymer/clay nanocomposites are an important type where clay layers exfoliate or intercalate in the polymer matrix.

1. Polymer Nanocomposites

2. Composite Materials
• A composite is defined as a combination of
two or more materials with different physical
and chemical properties and distinguishable
interface.
• In most composite materials, one phase is
usually continuous and called the matrix,
while the other phase called the dispersed
phase.

3. Composite Materials

4. Nanocomposite Materials
• Nanocomposites refer to composites in which
one phase has nanoscale morphology such as
nanoparticles, nanotubes or lamellar
nanostructure

5. Nanocomposite Materials
The improvement of the properties by the addition
of particles can be achieved when:
 Adequately good interaction between the
nanoparticles and the matrix
 Good dispersion of particles within the
matrix.

6. Classification Nanocomposite
Based on the nanomaterial’s dimensional
morphology
• Zero dimensional
• One dimensional
• Two dimensional
• Three dimensional

7. Classification Nanocomposite
Zero dimensional

8. Classification Nanocomposite
One dimensional

9. Classification Nanocomposite
Two dimensional

10. Classification Nanocomposite
Three dimensional

11. Classification Nanocomposite
Based on kind of synthesis procedure
• Direct incorporation
• In situ generation
• Polymerization of monomers
• Combination

12. Classification Nanocomposite

13. Application of Nanocomposite
 Flame retardant nanocomposite
 Nanocomposite with high mechanical
stability, stiffness, strength, toughness
 Nanocomposite solar cells
 Nanocomposite membrane for gas
separation and gas permeability
 Nanocomposite with gas barrier
performance

14. Application of Nanocomposite
 Flame retardant nanocomposite

15. Application of Nanocomposite
 Nanocomposite membrane for gas
separation and gas permeability

16. Application of Nanocomposite
 Nanocomposite with gas barrier
performance

17. Characterization of Nanocomposite
• Transmission electron microscopy, TEM,
• Scanning electron microscopy, SEM
• Atomic force microscopy, AFM
• X-ray diffraction, XRD

18. Characterization of Nanocomposite

19. Characterization of Nanocomposite

20. Characterization of Nanocomposite

21. Characterization of Nanocomposite

22. Characterization of Nanocomposite

23. Characterization of Nanocomposite

24. Polymer/Clay Nanocomposites

25. Polymer/Clay Nanocomposites

26. Polymer/Clay Nanocomposites

27. Polymer/Clay Nanocomposites

28. Polymer/Clay Nanocomposites

29. Polymer/Clay Nanocomposites

30. Polymer/Clay Nanocomposites

31. Polymer/Clay Nanocomposites

32. Polymer/Clay Nanocomposites

33. Preparation of polymer/clay
nanocomposites

34. Preparation of polymer/clay
nanocomposites

35. Preparation of polymer/clay
nanocomposites

36. Preparation of polymer/clay
nanocomposites

37. Preparation of polymer/clay
nanocomposites