1. The document discusses a presentation about sensing volatile organic compounds (VOCs) using metal organic frameworks (MOFs).
2. MOFs are porous materials composed of metal ions or clusters linked by organic ligands to form one, two, or three-dimensional structures. They have potential applications for gas storage, separation, catalysis and sensing.
3. The presentation describes several MOFs that exhibit color changes or fluorescence changes when exposed to different VOCs, allowing them to function as sensors for VOCs.
MOFs are ideal candidates as gas-sensing materials and have been widely used to detect oxygen, water vapor, toxic and hazardous gases, special air pollutants, and VOCs.
Synthesis and Characterization of MOF based Composites for Energy storage app...Danyal Hakeem Jokhio
Despite extensive efforts and research put in the field, conventional energy storage devices (ESDs) such as various supercapacitors and batteries are near their performance limit in terms of power densities, energy densities, capacitance, charge retention, and cyclic stability. This is primarily due to limiting intrinsic properties of the electrode materials such as average surface area and poor porosity, combined with sluggish redox kinetics due to lack of electrode functionality. So, the need of the hour is to explore new materials for efficient storage of the energy. Among these new materials, metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) can serve as potential candidates because they have high specific surface area, high porosity with tuneable morphology and hence tuneable pore size, functionality linking to active metal sites and ligands. However, there remains a gap in fully utilising MOFs in energy storage applications commercially. Due to the highly porous nature of MOFs, their structural stability is compromised especially in aqueous electrolytes. To utilize the maximum potential of MOFs as electrode materials, it is of utmost importance to address poor structural integrity and low intrinsic conductivity of MOFs.
In this work, it has been tried to overcome the above-mentioned drawbacks of MOFs by using additives of conductive nature such as graphene nanoplatelets (GNP). Hydrothermal approach was used to synthesize hybrid MOF by controlling molar ratio of Nickel and Cobalt in combination with different organic ligands. As a battery-type supercapacitor electrode material, the 2:1 Ni/Co hybrid MOF with 40mg GNP, using terephthalic acid as ligand, delivered a high specific capacity of 658.8 C·g−1 at the current density of 1 A·g−1. Similarly, the 1:2 Ni/Co hybrid MOF, using 2-MethylImidazole as ligand, delivered a high specific capacity of 642.4 C·g−1 at the current density of 1 A·g−1. Moreover, breakthrough results were obtained by optimizing synthesis with in-situ deposition on nickel foam of 2:1 Ni/Co (with 40mg GNP) hybrid MOF, which produced an impressive specific capacity of 1264 C·g−1 at 1 A/g, surpassing, to the best of our knowledge, most of the previously reported MOF based electrode materials.
This work not only develops a high-performance electrode material of supercapacitor, but being the first of its kind in Pakistan, also provides the foundation of systematic research for the electrochemical properties of multi-metal MOFs.
MOF is a new class of material with lots of opportunity for future work. It is a coordination compound. Obviously MOF is a attractive subject for a group of researcher.
MOFs are ideal candidates as gas-sensing materials and have been widely used to detect oxygen, water vapor, toxic and hazardous gases, special air pollutants, and VOCs.
Synthesis and Characterization of MOF based Composites for Energy storage app...Danyal Hakeem Jokhio
Despite extensive efforts and research put in the field, conventional energy storage devices (ESDs) such as various supercapacitors and batteries are near their performance limit in terms of power densities, energy densities, capacitance, charge retention, and cyclic stability. This is primarily due to limiting intrinsic properties of the electrode materials such as average surface area and poor porosity, combined with sluggish redox kinetics due to lack of electrode functionality. So, the need of the hour is to explore new materials for efficient storage of the energy. Among these new materials, metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) can serve as potential candidates because they have high specific surface area, high porosity with tuneable morphology and hence tuneable pore size, functionality linking to active metal sites and ligands. However, there remains a gap in fully utilising MOFs in energy storage applications commercially. Due to the highly porous nature of MOFs, their structural stability is compromised especially in aqueous electrolytes. To utilize the maximum potential of MOFs as electrode materials, it is of utmost importance to address poor structural integrity and low intrinsic conductivity of MOFs.
In this work, it has been tried to overcome the above-mentioned drawbacks of MOFs by using additives of conductive nature such as graphene nanoplatelets (GNP). Hydrothermal approach was used to synthesize hybrid MOF by controlling molar ratio of Nickel and Cobalt in combination with different organic ligands. As a battery-type supercapacitor electrode material, the 2:1 Ni/Co hybrid MOF with 40mg GNP, using terephthalic acid as ligand, delivered a high specific capacity of 658.8 C·g−1 at the current density of 1 A·g−1. Similarly, the 1:2 Ni/Co hybrid MOF, using 2-MethylImidazole as ligand, delivered a high specific capacity of 642.4 C·g−1 at the current density of 1 A·g−1. Moreover, breakthrough results were obtained by optimizing synthesis with in-situ deposition on nickel foam of 2:1 Ni/Co (with 40mg GNP) hybrid MOF, which produced an impressive specific capacity of 1264 C·g−1 at 1 A/g, surpassing, to the best of our knowledge, most of the previously reported MOF based electrode materials.
This work not only develops a high-performance electrode material of supercapacitor, but being the first of its kind in Pakistan, also provides the foundation of systematic research for the electrochemical properties of multi-metal MOFs.
MOF is a new class of material with lots of opportunity for future work. It is a coordination compound. Obviously MOF is a attractive subject for a group of researcher.
metal organic framework-carbon capture and sequestrationVasiUddin Siddiqui
MOF is a porous crystal like a spunge having an enormous surface area and provide much more rooms for storage the gases preferentially hydrogen and carbon dioxide and work as storage for next generation fuel.
Gas storage in metal organic frameworks(MOFs)Nitish Kumar
Gas storage in metal organic frameworks.
1. Metal organic frameworks has surface area more than 40 tennis courts per gram. So, it has high adsorption capacity.
2. Gas storage in a cylinder filled with MOFs can store much more gas than empty cylinder.
3. Apart from storage ,MOFs can also be used for Gas Separation.
Presentation given by Dr Tina Düren from University of Edinburgh on "Molecular simulation of carbon capture in MOFs: challenges and pitfalls" in the Capture Technical Session on Solid Adsorption at the UKCCSRC Biannual Meeting - CCS in the Bigger Picture - held in Cambridge on 2-3 April 2014
Dioxygen complexes, dioxygen as ligand Geeta Tewari
This presentation describes about the preparation, properties, bonding modes, classification and applications of metal Dinitrogen Complexes. Also explains the MO diagram of molecular nitrogen.
This presentation describes about the preparation, properties, bonding modes, classification and applications of metal Dioxygen Complexes. Also explains the MO diagram of molecular oxygen.
Sensors are needed convert real life quantities into
signal variations and hence has a very high importance. Or-ganics semiconductors have their own advantages, which can
be exploited to create sensors. One of the mostly used sensor
based on organic materials is the Organic Field-Effect Transistor
(OFET). The channel material made from the organic compound
interacts with the analyte and in turn causes variations in the
device parameters.
The major applications of OFET sensors are as bio-sensors,
chemical, and gas sensors. Bio-sensors helps in disease diagnostics
by detecting DNA, proteins, enzymes etc. Chemical sensors are
used to find out the presence of ions, humidity, and pH levels. To
get more information, furthur discussion is about a single OFET
sensor fabricated with P3HT and CuTPP used for detecting nitro-based explosive compounds. OFET sensors are very promising
and could be used in real applications in near future.
Its a small presentation made on ionic liquids with special emphasis on its use in Friedel crafts reactions.It explains what are ionic liquids,their properties and uses.
Photoelectron spectroscopy
- a single photon in/ electron out process
• X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS)
- using soft x-ray (200-2000 eV) radiation to
examine core-levels.
• Ultraviolet Photoelectron Spectroscopy (UPS)
- using vacuum UV (10-45 eV) radiation to
examine valence levels.
metal organic framework-carbon capture and sequestrationVasiUddin Siddiqui
MOF is a porous crystal like a spunge having an enormous surface area and provide much more rooms for storage the gases preferentially hydrogen and carbon dioxide and work as storage for next generation fuel.
Gas storage in metal organic frameworks(MOFs)Nitish Kumar
Gas storage in metal organic frameworks.
1. Metal organic frameworks has surface area more than 40 tennis courts per gram. So, it has high adsorption capacity.
2. Gas storage in a cylinder filled with MOFs can store much more gas than empty cylinder.
3. Apart from storage ,MOFs can also be used for Gas Separation.
Presentation given by Dr Tina Düren from University of Edinburgh on "Molecular simulation of carbon capture in MOFs: challenges and pitfalls" in the Capture Technical Session on Solid Adsorption at the UKCCSRC Biannual Meeting - CCS in the Bigger Picture - held in Cambridge on 2-3 April 2014
Dioxygen complexes, dioxygen as ligand Geeta Tewari
This presentation describes about the preparation, properties, bonding modes, classification and applications of metal Dinitrogen Complexes. Also explains the MO diagram of molecular nitrogen.
This presentation describes about the preparation, properties, bonding modes, classification and applications of metal Dioxygen Complexes. Also explains the MO diagram of molecular oxygen.
Sensors are needed convert real life quantities into
signal variations and hence has a very high importance. Or-ganics semiconductors have their own advantages, which can
be exploited to create sensors. One of the mostly used sensor
based on organic materials is the Organic Field-Effect Transistor
(OFET). The channel material made from the organic compound
interacts with the analyte and in turn causes variations in the
device parameters.
The major applications of OFET sensors are as bio-sensors,
chemical, and gas sensors. Bio-sensors helps in disease diagnostics
by detecting DNA, proteins, enzymes etc. Chemical sensors are
used to find out the presence of ions, humidity, and pH levels. To
get more information, furthur discussion is about a single OFET
sensor fabricated with P3HT and CuTPP used for detecting nitro-based explosive compounds. OFET sensors are very promising
and could be used in real applications in near future.
Its a small presentation made on ionic liquids with special emphasis on its use in Friedel crafts reactions.It explains what are ionic liquids,their properties and uses.
Photoelectron spectroscopy
- a single photon in/ electron out process
• X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS)
- using soft x-ray (200-2000 eV) radiation to
examine core-levels.
• Ultraviolet Photoelectron Spectroscopy (UPS)
- using vacuum UV (10-45 eV) radiation to
examine valence levels.
Sampling of Atmospheric Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCS) by Muhammad Qasim, ...Muhammad Qasim
Experimental evidence collected over the last three decades has shown clearly that the accumulation in air of volatile organic compounds might represent an important source of risk for human health.
Laser Ablation Molecular Isotopic Spectrometry for rare isotopes of the light...Alexander Bolshakov
Laser ablation molecular isotopic spectrometry (LAMIS) involves measuring isotope-resolved molecular emission. Measurements of several key isotopes (hydrogen, boron, carbon, nitrogen, oxygen, and chlorine) in laser ablation plumes were demonstrated. Requirements for spectral resolution of the optical detection system could be significantly relaxed when the isotopic ratio was determined using chemometric regression models. Multiple applications of LAMIS are anticipated in the nuclear power industry, medical diagnostics and therapies, forensics, carbon sequestration, and agronomy studies.
This presentation is based on Kenneth S Suslick's Chem review paper on Optoelectronic nose. Sensing of different VOC and toxic gasses is possible with monitoring the change in colour of the sensitive dye.
Interaction of Components in Molecular Optoelectronics for the Next Generati...Scientific Review SR
The interaction of molecular optoelectronic components on the molecular scale were studied where
the solvent shell indicating the influence of the medium was found to be surprisingly small. The transport of
energy as resonant energy transfer covers distances of about 5 nm and was shown not to proceed by a simple to
dipole dipole interaction with typical restrictions, but by a more complex mechanism. Furthermore, a novel -type of
far-reaching interactions of electronically excited structures until macroscopic dimensions were fond and may be
applied for addressing molecular structures by conventional electronics
it is most important for the preparation of metal organic frame work, which can give the researchers a new direction in their research and simple, logical, supportive knowledge easy and clear wording that is concise, advance material is present, avoid from extra things
An Attempt to Study MoO3-Like TCO Nanolayered Compound in Terms of structural...CrimsonPublishersRDMS
An Attempt to Study MoO3-Like TCO Nanolayered Compound in Terms of structural and Ethanol Sensitivity Application by Boukhachem A* in Crimson Publishers: Peer Reviewed Material Science Journals
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Multi-source connectivity as the driver of solar wind variability in the heli...Sérgio Sacani
The ambient solar wind that flls the heliosphere originates from multiple
sources in the solar corona and is highly structured. It is often described
as high-speed, relatively homogeneous, plasma streams from coronal
holes and slow-speed, highly variable, streams whose source regions are
under debate. A key goal of ESA/NASA’s Solar Orbiter mission is to identify
solar wind sources and understand what drives the complexity seen in the
heliosphere. By combining magnetic feld modelling and spectroscopic
techniques with high-resolution observations and measurements, we show
that the solar wind variability detected in situ by Solar Orbiter in March
2022 is driven by spatio-temporal changes in the magnetic connectivity to
multiple sources in the solar atmosphere. The magnetic feld footpoints
connected to the spacecraft moved from the boundaries of a coronal hole
to one active region (12961) and then across to another region (12957). This
is refected in the in situ measurements, which show the transition from fast
to highly Alfvénic then to slow solar wind that is disrupted by the arrival of
a coronal mass ejection. Our results describe solar wind variability at 0.5 au
but are applicable to near-Earth observatories.
This pdf is about the Schizophrenia.
For more details visit on YouTube; @SELF-EXPLANATORY;
https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCAiarMZDNhe1A3Rnpr_WkzA/videos
Thanks...!
Nutraceutical market, scope and growth: Herbal drug technologyLokesh Patil
As consumer awareness of health and wellness rises, the nutraceutical market—which includes goods like functional meals, drinks, and dietary supplements that provide health advantages beyond basic nutrition—is growing significantly. As healthcare expenses rise, the population ages, and people want natural and preventative health solutions more and more, this industry is increasing quickly. Further driving market expansion are product formulation innovations and the use of cutting-edge technology for customized nutrition. With its worldwide reach, the nutraceutical industry is expected to keep growing and provide significant chances for research and investment in a number of categories, including vitamins, minerals, probiotics, and herbal supplements.
Introduction:
RNA interference (RNAi) or Post-Transcriptional Gene Silencing (PTGS) is an important biological process for modulating eukaryotic gene expression.
It is highly conserved process of posttranscriptional gene silencing by which double stranded RNA (dsRNA) causes sequence-specific degradation of mRNA sequences.
dsRNA-induced gene silencing (RNAi) is reported in a wide range of eukaryotes ranging from worms, insects, mammals and plants.
This process mediates resistance to both endogenous parasitic and exogenous pathogenic nucleic acids, and regulates the expression of protein-coding genes.
What are small ncRNAs?
micro RNA (miRNA)
short interfering RNA (siRNA)
Properties of small non-coding RNA:
Involved in silencing mRNA transcripts.
Called “small” because they are usually only about 21-24 nucleotides long.
Synthesized by first cutting up longer precursor sequences (like the 61nt one that Lee discovered).
Silence an mRNA by base pairing with some sequence on the mRNA.
Discovery of siRNA?
The first small RNA:
In 1993 Rosalind Lee (Victor Ambros lab) was studying a non- coding gene in C. elegans, lin-4, that was involved in silencing of another gene, lin-14, at the appropriate time in the
development of the worm C. elegans.
Two small transcripts of lin-4 (22nt and 61nt) were found to be complementary to a sequence in the 3' UTR of lin-14.
Because lin-4 encoded no protein, she deduced that it must be these transcripts that are causing the silencing by RNA-RNA interactions.
Types of RNAi ( non coding RNA)
MiRNA
Length (23-25 nt)
Trans acting
Binds with target MRNA in mismatch
Translation inhibition
Si RNA
Length 21 nt.
Cis acting
Bind with target Mrna in perfect complementary sequence
Piwi-RNA
Length ; 25 to 36 nt.
Expressed in Germ Cells
Regulates trnasposomes activity
MECHANISM OF RNAI:
First the double-stranded RNA teams up with a protein complex named Dicer, which cuts the long RNA into short pieces.
Then another protein complex called RISC (RNA-induced silencing complex) discards one of the two RNA strands.
The RISC-docked, single-stranded RNA then pairs with the homologous mRNA and destroys it.
THE RISC COMPLEX:
RISC is large(>500kD) RNA multi- protein Binding complex which triggers MRNA degradation in response to MRNA
Unwinding of double stranded Si RNA by ATP independent Helicase
Active component of RISC is Ago proteins( ENDONUCLEASE) which cleave target MRNA.
DICER: endonuclease (RNase Family III)
Argonaute: Central Component of the RNA-Induced Silencing Complex (RISC)
One strand of the dsRNA produced by Dicer is retained in the RISC complex in association with Argonaute
ARGONAUTE PROTEIN :
1.PAZ(PIWI/Argonaute/ Zwille)- Recognition of target MRNA
2.PIWI (p-element induced wimpy Testis)- breaks Phosphodiester bond of mRNA.)RNAse H activity.
MiRNA:
The Double-stranded RNAs are naturally produced in eukaryotic cells during development, and they have a key role in regulating gene expression .
The increased availability of biomedical data, particularly in the public domain, offers the opportunity to better understand human health and to develop effective therapeutics for a wide range of unmet medical needs. However, data scientists remain stymied by the fact that data remain hard to find and to productively reuse because data and their metadata i) are wholly inaccessible, ii) are in non-standard or incompatible representations, iii) do not conform to community standards, and iv) have unclear or highly restricted terms and conditions that preclude legitimate reuse. These limitations require a rethink on data can be made machine and AI-ready - the key motivation behind the FAIR Guiding Principles. Concurrently, while recent efforts have explored the use of deep learning to fuse disparate data into predictive models for a wide range of biomedical applications, these models often fail even when the correct answer is already known, and fail to explain individual predictions in terms that data scientists can appreciate. These limitations suggest that new methods to produce practical artificial intelligence are still needed.
In this talk, I will discuss our work in (1) building an integrative knowledge infrastructure to prepare FAIR and "AI-ready" data and services along with (2) neurosymbolic AI methods to improve the quality of predictions and to generate plausible explanations. Attention is given to standards, platforms, and methods to wrangle knowledge into simple, but effective semantic and latent representations, and to make these available into standards-compliant and discoverable interfaces that can be used in model building, validation, and explanation. Our work, and those of others in the field, creates a baseline for building trustworthy and easy to deploy AI models in biomedicine.
Bio
Dr. Michel Dumontier is the Distinguished Professor of Data Science at Maastricht University, founder and executive director of the Institute of Data Science, and co-founder of the FAIR (Findable, Accessible, Interoperable and Reusable) data principles. His research explores socio-technological approaches for responsible discovery science, which includes collaborative multi-modal knowledge graphs, privacy-preserving distributed data mining, and AI methods for drug discovery and personalized medicine. His work is supported through the Dutch National Research Agenda, the Netherlands Organisation for Scientific Research, Horizon Europe, the European Open Science Cloud, the US National Institutes of Health, and a Marie-Curie Innovative Training Network. He is the editor-in-chief for the journal Data Science and is internationally recognized for his contributions in bioinformatics, biomedical informatics, and semantic technologies including ontologies and linked data.
Slide 1: Title Slide
Extrachromosomal Inheritance
Slide 2: Introduction to Extrachromosomal Inheritance
Definition: Extrachromosomal inheritance refers to the transmission of genetic material that is not found within the nucleus.
Key Components: Involves genes located in mitochondria, chloroplasts, and plasmids.
Slide 3: Mitochondrial Inheritance
Mitochondria: Organelles responsible for energy production.
Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA): Circular DNA molecule found in mitochondria.
Inheritance Pattern: Maternally inherited, meaning it is passed from mothers to all their offspring.
Diseases: Examples include Leber’s hereditary optic neuropathy (LHON) and mitochondrial myopathy.
Slide 4: Chloroplast Inheritance
Chloroplasts: Organelles responsible for photosynthesis in plants.
Chloroplast DNA (cpDNA): Circular DNA molecule found in chloroplasts.
Inheritance Pattern: Often maternally inherited in most plants, but can vary in some species.
Examples: Variegation in plants, where leaf color patterns are determined by chloroplast DNA.
Slide 5: Plasmid Inheritance
Plasmids: Small, circular DNA molecules found in bacteria and some eukaryotes.
Features: Can carry antibiotic resistance genes and can be transferred between cells through processes like conjugation.
Significance: Important in biotechnology for gene cloning and genetic engineering.
Slide 6: Mechanisms of Extrachromosomal Inheritance
Non-Mendelian Patterns: Do not follow Mendel’s laws of inheritance.
Cytoplasmic Segregation: During cell division, organelles like mitochondria and chloroplasts are randomly distributed to daughter cells.
Heteroplasmy: Presence of more than one type of organellar genome within a cell, leading to variation in expression.
Slide 7: Examples of Extrachromosomal Inheritance
Four O’clock Plant (Mirabilis jalapa): Shows variegated leaves due to different cpDNA in leaf cells.
Petite Mutants in Yeast: Result from mutations in mitochondrial DNA affecting respiration.
Slide 8: Importance of Extrachromosomal Inheritance
Evolution: Provides insight into the evolution of eukaryotic cells.
Medicine: Understanding mitochondrial inheritance helps in diagnosing and treating mitochondrial diseases.
Agriculture: Chloroplast inheritance can be used in plant breeding and genetic modification.
Slide 9: Recent Research and Advances
Gene Editing: Techniques like CRISPR-Cas9 are being used to edit mitochondrial and chloroplast DNA.
Therapies: Development of mitochondrial replacement therapy (MRT) for preventing mitochondrial diseases.
Slide 10: Conclusion
Summary: Extrachromosomal inheritance involves the transmission of genetic material outside the nucleus and plays a crucial role in genetics, medicine, and biotechnology.
Future Directions: Continued research and technological advancements hold promise for new treatments and applications.
Slide 11: Questions and Discussion
Invite Audience: Open the floor for any questions or further discussion on the topic.
Richard's entangled aventures in wonderlandRichard Gill
Since the loophole-free Bell experiments of 2020 and the Nobel prizes in physics of 2022, critics of Bell's work have retreated to the fortress of super-determinism. Now, super-determinism is a derogatory word - it just means "determinism". Palmer, Hance and Hossenfelder argue that quantum mechanics and determinism are not incompatible, using a sophisticated mathematical construction based on a subtle thinning of allowed states and measurements in quantum mechanics, such that what is left appears to make Bell's argument fail, without altering the empirical predictions of quantum mechanics. I think however that it is a smoke screen, and the slogan "lost in math" comes to my mind. I will discuss some other recent disproofs of Bell's theorem using the language of causality based on causal graphs. Causal thinking is also central to law and justice. I will mention surprising connections to my work on serial killer nurse cases, in particular the Dutch case of Lucia de Berk and the current UK case of Lucy Letby.
1. Presenter : Mohammad Rad
Master : Dr.Vahid SafariFard
5 May 2019
Vo l a t i l e O r g a n i c C o m p o u n d s
b y M e t a l O r g a n i c F r a m e w o r k
Sensing of VOCs by MOFs
IN THE NAME OF GOD
2. JensMartensson
2
What’s Metal Organic Frameworks?
SensingofVOCsbyMOFsPresenter:MohammadRad
Coordination ChemistryPrussian blue
First study on coordination polymer
New porous material
Metal organic Framework
3. JensMartensson
3
What’s Metal Organic Frameworks?
Coordination
polymer
an inorganic or
organometallic
polymer
structure
containing metal
cation centers
linked by
ligands.
One Dimension
Two Dimension
Three Dimension
SensingofVOCsbyMOFsPresenter:MohammadRad
4. JensMartensson
4
What’s Metal Organic Frameworks?
Coordination
polymer
an inorganic or
organometallic
polymer
structure
containing metal
cation centers
linked by
ligands.
Three Dimension
Metal Organic Framework (MOF)
Linker (Organic Compound) Node (Metal Compound)
dative bond
SensingofVOCsbyMOFsPresenter:MohammadRad
5. JensMartensson
5
What’s Metal Organic Frameworks?
applications in :
catalysis
proton conducting
environmental
storage and separation
drug delivery
gas monitoring
luminescent sensor for detecting
volatile organic compounds
SensingofVOCsbyMOFsPresenter:MohammadRad
6. JensMartensson
6
What’s volatile organic compounds ?
volatile organic
compounds
SensingofVOCsbyMOFsPresenter:MohammadRad
Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) are emitted into the atmosphere from
anthropogenic and biogenic sources, and may also be formed in situ in the
atmosphere as products of the atmospheric transformations of other VOCs
On a worldwide basis, emission of VOCs from :
1. biogenic sources (mainly vegetation) 1150 Tg per year
2. anthropogenic sources 100 Tg per year
The major classes of emitted VOCs are :
1. alkanes
2. alkenes
3. aromatic hydrocarbons
4. ethanol
5. oxygenated VOCs ( acetone, methanol and camphor)
6. emissions resulting from vehicle emissions (comprising mainly gasoline constituents)
Ref:Chem.Rev.2003,103,4605-4638
7. JensMartensson
7
Selective Gas Sorption By MOFs
1. size selective gas sorption
2. selective sorption in flexible and dynamic
framework
3. selectivity apparently independent of size-
SensingofVOCsbyMOFsPresenter:MohammadRad
8. JensMartensson
8
Selective Gas Sorption By MOFs
[Er2(pda)3]
Free passage smaller than
3 Å
CO2 3.30 Å
Ar 3.40 Å
N2 3.64 Å
Kinetic diameter of :
Kinetic diameter of :
H2 2.89 Å
N2 3.64 Å
SensingofVOCsbyMOFsPresenter:MohammadRad
9. reported a solvatochromic CuIL-MOF that
can
be a visual color and luminescence
response sensor for small polar VOCs in
the solid state
It might be one of the most sensitive
Copper(I) Metal−Organic Framework: Visual Sensor
for Detecting Small Polar Aliphatic Volatile Organic
Compounds
Ref : Inorg. Chem., 2015, 54 (24), pp 11590–11592
10. JensMartensson
10
Copper(I) Metal−Organic Framework: Visual Sensor for Detecting Small Polar Aliphatic Volatile Organic Compounds
SensingofVOCsbyMOFsPresenter:MohammadRad
Ref : Inorg. Chem., 2015, 54 (24), pp 11590–11592
ABSTRACT: A porous Cu-MOF [H2O⊂Cu2(L)2I2; L = 1-benzimidazolyl-3,5-bis(4-pyridyl)benzene], which can be a
visual and luminescent sensor for detecting small polar aliphatic volatile organic compounds (VOCs), such as alcohols,
ketones, and halocarbons, is reported. The nakedeye and luminescent detection limitations for these VOC are 5 and 1
ppm, respectively.
VOC detection methods
gas chromatography (GC)
GC−mass spectrometry
expensive
nonportable
portable sensors
based on metal oxide,
conductive polymers,
and a quartz crystal
microbalance
the selectivity
and sensitivity
are relatively low
Therefor
e
a real need for the development of
performance portable VOC sensors
Solvatochromism
vapochromism
11. JensMartensson
11
Copper(I) Metal−Organic Framework: Visual Sensor for Detecting Small Polar Aliphatic Volatile Organic Compounds
SensingofVOCsbyMOFsPresenter:MohammadRad
Ref : Inorg. Chem., 2015, 54 (24), pp 11590–11592
Solvatochromism
vapochromism
The solvatochromic and vapochromic species change color upon exposure to analyte liquid
and vapor phases, and therefore detection of analytes can often occur even by the naked eye.
change colour in response to the vapour of an organic compound or gas.
acts as a sensitive naked-
eye colorimetric sensor to
perceive these VOCs under
ambient conditions.
able to upload various small polar VOCsCu-MOF
such as alcohols, ketones, and halocarbons
12. JensMartensson
12
1.Absorption on site unsaturated centers (CUS)
Methods of absorbing materials on MOFs :
SensingofVOCsbyMOFsPresenter:MohammadRad
2.Interaction of acid and base
3.Electrostatic interactions
4.Hydrogen bond
5.Complex formation
6.Respiratory properties
13. JensMartensson
13
Copper(I) Metal−Organic Framework: Visual Sensor for Detecting Small Polar Aliphatic Volatile Organic Compounds
SensingofVOCsbyMOFsPresenter:MohammadRad
Ref : Inorg. Chem., 2015, 54 (24), pp 11590–11592
guest dimension is the dominating
factor for the color response rate
The analytes with smaller size
would facilitate guest exchange
and, consequently, the color change
smaller analytes could enter the
pores more easily, which would
lead to a faster color response.
14. JensMartensson
14
Copper(I) Metal−Organic Framework: Visual Sensor for Detecting Small Polar Aliphatic Volatile Organic Compounds
SensingofVOCsbyMOFsPresenter:MohammadRad
Ref : Inorg. Chem., 2015, 54 (24), pp 11590–11592
UV−vis diffuse-reflectance spectra of 1−11.
Min Intensity:
2-propanol⊂CuIL
max Intensity:
n-propanol⊂CuIL
Intensity Ref:
H2O⊂CuIL
15. JensMartensson
15
Copper(I) Metal−Organic Framework: Visual Sensor for Detecting Small Polar Aliphatic Volatile Organic Compounds
SensingofVOCsbyMOFsPresenter:MohammadRad
Ref : Inorg. Chem., 2015, 54 (24), pp 11590–11592
PL spectra of H2O⊂CuIL (1) and alcohols⊂CuIL (2−5), ketones⊂CuIL (6−9), and halocarbons⊂CuIL (10 and 11)
Besides a naked-eye color change, VOCs encapsulation mentioned above also
caused a dramatic change in their photoluminescence (PL) spectrum
Compared to H2O⊂CuIL (1),
the emission intensities of
the VOC-loaded samples
from the liquid phase are
much enhanced
enhancement
imposed by the
host−guest
interactions
decreasing solvent polarity
(H2O> VOCs)
16. Thus, the network is able to detect various
VOCs and differentiate between them (via
either a turn-on or a turn-off interaction).
The network also demonstrates a selective
response toward explosive vapor residues
in an acceptable time frame. This work
reinforces the potential of MOFs to detect
explosive residues and suggests the
potential for further applications in sensing.
Highly Fluorescent Metal−Organic Framework for the
Sensing of Volatile Organic Compounds
Ref : Cryst. Growth Des. 2016, 16, 6, 3067-3071
17. JensMartensson
17
Highly Fluorescent Metal−Organic Framework for the Sensing of Volatile Organic Compounds
SensingofVOCsbyMOFsPresenter:MohammadRad
Ref : Cryst. Growth Des. 2016, 16, 6, 3067-3071
The drawback of using fluorescence based sensing
aggregation-induced quenching
the emissive properties of the fluorophore are
weakened when it is present in high
concentrations
tetraphenylethene (TPE) was chosen as a fluorophore
as it exhibits aggregation enhanced emission (AIE).
restricted rotation and motion of its central phenyl
groups
this effect can act as a turn-on sensor
by further restricting the movement of the phenyl
groups by “fixing” the orientation and spacing of the
TPE in a MOF
which can activate
fluorescenc
18. JensMartensson
18
Highly Fluorescent Metal−Organic Framework for the Sensing of Volatile Organic Compounds
SensingofVOCsbyMOFsPresenter:MohammadRad
Ref : Cryst. Growth Des. 2016, 16, 6, 3067-3071
we present a network with superior properties utilizing a pyridyl based ligand, tetrapyridine tetraphenylethene
(Py- TPE) that is more thermally stable, water-stable, and more sensitive. The network can be regenerated and
exhibited enhanced turn-on fluorescence in response volatile organic compounds and quenching in response
to nitro-substituted VOCs.
(Zn2Cl4Py-TPE)·4(TCE)
19. JensMartensson
19
Highly Fluorescent Metal−Organic Framework for the Sensing of Volatile Organic Compounds
SensingofVOCsbyMOFsPresenter:MohammadRad
Ref : Cryst. Growth Des. 2016, 16, 6, 3067-3071
Like most TPE derivatives,
the Py-TPE ligand exhibits
aggregation induced
emission (AIE) behavior in
the solid and aggregated
states.
In these states
the rotation of the
phenyl rings is
limited
fluorescence is
enhanced
The strong emission of the
ligand ensures :
the network is also
highly luminescent
in the solid-state
at room
temperature.
The fluorescence emission maxima
are 515 and 530 nm (λex = 340 nm)
The AIE-active fluorescence of network has been used for
sensing aromatic compounds bearing electron-donating
or -withdrawing groups, which can quench or enhance the
fluorescence of network.
20. JensMartensson
20
Highly Fluorescent Metal−Organic Framework for the Sensing of Volatile Organic Compounds
SensingofVOCsbyMOFsPresenter:MohammadRad
Ref : Cryst. Growth Des. 2016, 16, 6, 3067-3071
Fluorescence intensity changes of 1 when exposed to methyl- and nitro-substituted VOCs.
The expected turn-on fluorescence was
observed for all of the methyl-substituted
derivatives
13 nm red-shift as the degree
of methyl substitution
decreased
21. JensMartensson
21
Highly Fluorescent Metal−Organic Framework for the Sensing of Volatile Organic Compounds
SensingofVOCsbyMOFsPresenter:MohammadRad
Ref : Cryst. Growth Des. 2016, 16, 6, 3067-3071
Fluorescence intensity changes of 1 when exposed to nitrobenzene at different time intervals.
The effect was relatively fast, and the fluorescence
quenching efficiency reached its maximum after
approximately 6 h exposure
22. prepared TPE-based porous MOF
[Zn2(TCPPE)] (1) with a 3D framework and 1D
rhombus channels. Complex 1 exhibits good
luminescence originating from TPE-based
ligands, where the vibrations and 30 rotations of
phenyl rings in TCPPE4‒ are restricted to turn
on luminescence.
A luminescent metal-organic framework constructed
by a tetraphenylethene-based ligand for sensing
volatile organic compounds
Ref : Chem. Commun., 2015,51, 1677-1680
23. JensMartensson
23
A luminescent metal-organic framework constructed by a tetraphenylethene-based ligand for sensing VOCs
SensingofVOCsbyMOFsPresenter:MohammadRad
Ref : Chem. Commun., 2015,51, 1677-1680
tetraphenylethene (TPE)-based ligandZn
tetrakis[4-(4-carboxyphenyl)phenyl]ethene (H4TCPPE),
[Zn2(TCPPE)]
24. JensMartensson
24
A luminescent metal-organic framework constructed by a tetraphenylethene-based ligand for sensing VOCs
SensingofVOCsbyMOFsPresenter:MohammadRad
Ref : Chem. Commun., 2015,51, 1677-1680
employ H4TCPPE as organic linker
and zinc carboxylate chains as SBU
to build a new porous
[Zn2(TCPPE)] with 1D channels.
The vibrations and rotations of
phenyl rings from TCPPE4‒ are
restricted in the rigid framework
complex exhibits
strong blue
luminescence
shows great potential in gas
adsorption, and nitroaromatics and
VOCs sensing.
25. JensMartensson
25
A luminescent metal-organic framework constructed by a tetraphenylethene-based ligand for sensing VOCs
SensingofVOCsbyMOFsPresenter:MohammadRad
Ref : Chem. Commun., 2015,51, 1677-1680
Solid-state luminescent properties of as synthesized 1 and activated 1 were investigated at room temperature
Ligand [Zn2(TCPPE)] [H4(TCPPE)]
exhibits strongly red-shifted
The fluorescence lifetimes of as-synthesized 1
and activated 1 are 1.5 and 3.0 ns, respectively
26. JensMartensson
26
A luminescent metal-organic framework constructed by a tetraphenylethene-based ligand for sensing VOCs
SensingofVOCsbyMOFsPresenter:MohammadRad
Ref : Chem. Commun., 2015,51, 1677-1680
Photoluminescence (PL) spectra of as-synthesized 1, activated 1 and activated 1 with selected guest molecules
Ligand
[Zn2(TCPPE)]
efficient solid-state emission of
activated 1 encouraged us to
examine its fluorescent sensing
ability of VOCs
Complex keeps a rigid
and stable framework
after adsorbing various
VOCs, as revealed by the
almost the same PXRD
patterns
The emission of complex is sensitive to different VOCs, and
strongly blue-shifted are recorded after adsorbing VOCs
27. prepared TPE-based porous MOF
[Zn2(TCPPE)] (1) with a 3D framework and
16666666666666666666666666, where the
vibrations and 30 rotations of phenyl rings in
TCPPE4‒ are restricted to turn on
luminescence.
Ref : Dalton Trans., 2016,45, 14888-14892
A four-fold interpenetrated metal–organic framework
as a fluorescent sensor for volatile organic compounds
29. JensMartensson
29
A four-fold interpenetrated metal–organic framework as a fluorescent sensor for volatile organic compounds
SensingofVOCsbyMOFsPresenter:MohammadRad
Ref : Dalton Trans., 2016,45, 14888-14892
interpenetrated
30. JensMartensson
30
Interpenetrating metal–organic frameworks
SensingofVOCsbyMOFsPresenter:MohammadRad
Ref : CrystEngComm, 2016,18, 2596-2606
usually refers to two or more individual polymeric networks with the same or different components
catenate with each other, which is a frequently observed phenomenon in metal-organic frameworks
Interpenetration
interpenetrating metal-organic
frameworks (IMOFs) not only show
fascinating architectures and
topologies, but also exhibit improved
functions and applications
1) 1D→2D
2) 1D→3D
3) 2D→2D
4) 2D→3D
5) 3D→3D
five types based on
their interpenetrating
networks
31. JensMartensson
31
A four-fold interpenetrated metal–organic framework as a fluorescent sensor for volatile organic compounds
SensingofVOCsbyMOFsPresenter:MohammadRad
Ref : Dalton Trans., 2016,45, 14888-14892
Complex possesses a unique four-fold interpenetrated
three dimensional (3D) framework with one-
dimensional (1D) hexagonal channels (12 Å)
which can adsorb various toxic VOCs effectively
The intensive blue luminescence of the MOF
exhibits obvious VOCs dependent wavelength shift originated
from the guest responsive configuration of the TPPE ligand,
which could be utilized for the sensing of VOCs
32. JensMartensson
32
A four-fold interpenetrated metal–organic framework as a fluorescent sensor for volatile organic compounds
SensingofVOCsbyMOFsPresenter:MohammadRad
Ref : Dalton Trans., 2016,45, 14888-14892
The as-synthesized 1(without M)
underwent a solvent exchange
process with ethanol, (followed by
drying at 80°C under vacuum)
activated 1 (MOF) sample
toyield
Activated 1a maintains its
rigid framework upon
adsorbing various VOCs
Comparison of PXRD
as revealed by the
similar PXRD patterns
33. JensMartensson
33
A four-fold interpenetrated metal–organic framework as a fluorescent sensor for volatile organic compounds
SensingofVOCsbyMOFsPresenter:MohammadRad
Ref : Dalton Trans., 2016,45, 14888-14892
MOF displayed distinct response when encountering different VOCs upon excitation at 380 nm
mesitylene
MOF
WithoutM
toluene
M-xylene
P-xylene
benzene
All MOF+guests show blue-shift
in the MOF the fully coordinated TPPE ligand without
crystalline disorder minimized the rotation/vibration
based nonradiative decay in this complex.
Therefore, the sensing behavior probably correlates with
the conformational changes of phenyl rings of TPPE ligand
34. reported rapid and sensitive probing of the
adsorption characteristic of VOCs onMOFs by
QCM in combination . The molecular sieve effect
on the adsorption of the studied VOCs can be
excluded because of the kinetic diameters of the
VOCs are all smaller than the smaller windows of
the pores (12 Å) of MIL-101. The high adsorption
capacities and affinity to VOCs, especially
heteroatom VOCs, make MIL-101 very promising
for application in the adsorption and removal of
VOCs.
Ref : Environ. Sci. Technol. 2011, 45, 10, 4490-4496
Probing the Adsorption Characteristic of Metal-Organic
Framework MIL-101 for Volatile Organic Compounds by
Quartz Crystal Microbalance
36. JensMartensson
36
Probing the Adsorption Characteristic of Metal-Organic Framework MIL-101 for Volatile Organic Compounds by Quartz Crystal Microbalance
SensingofVOCsbyMOFsPresenter:MohammadRad
Ref : Environ. Sci. Technol. 2011, 45, 10, 4490-4496
The common methods
for adsorption
alorimetric Measurement
temperature-programmed
desorption (TPD)
gravimetric method
These methods are
time-consuming (several hours or even
days), and require several gram samples
for measurement
requires only a small amount of absorbent (μg
level), offers short response time, and allows
detection of mass change sensitively (ng level).
Quartz Crystal Microbalance (QCM)
Here reported the exploration of QCM for rapidly and sensitively
probing the adsorption characteristic of VOCs on MOFs
37. JensMartensson
37
Probing the Adsorption Characteristic of Metal-Organic Framework MIL-101 for Volatile Organic Compounds by Quartz Crystal Microbalance
SensingofVOCsbyMOFsPresenter:MohammadRad
Ref : Environ. Sci. Technol. 2011, 45, 10, 4490-4496
Biologycal Example of Quartz Crystal Microbalance (QCM)
39. JensMartensson
39
SensingofVOCsbyMOFsPresenter:MohammadRad
References (Papers)
Liu, X. G., Wang, H., Chen, B., Zou, Y., Gu, Z. G., Zhao, Z., & Shen, L. (2015). A luminescent metal–organic framework
constructed using a tetraphenylethene-based ligand for sensing volatile organic compounds. Chemical Communications,
51(9), 1677-1680.
Jackson, S. L., Rananaware, A., Rix, C., Bhosale, S. V., & Latham, K. (2016). Highly fluorescent metal–organic framework for
the sensing of volatile organic compounds. Crystal Growth & Design, 16(6), 3067-3071.
Zhao, X., Li, Y., Chang, Z., Chen, L., & Bu, X. H. (2016). A four-fold interpenetrated metal–organic framework as a
fluorescent sensor for volatile organic compounds. Dalton Transactions, 45(38), 14888-14892.
Huang, C. Y., Song, M., Gu, Z. Y., Wang, H. F., & Yan, X. P. (2011). Probing the adsorption characteristic of metal–organic
framework MIL-101 for volatile organic compounds by quartz crystal microbalance. Environmental science & technology,
45(10), 4490-4496.
Yu, Y., Ma, J. P., Zhao, C. W., Yang, J., Zhang, X. M., Liu, Q. K., & Dong, Y. B. (2015). Copper (I) metal–organic framework:
visual sensor for detecting small polar aliphatic volatile organic compounds. Inorganic chemistry, 54(24), 11590-11592.
Atkinson, R., & Arey, J. (2003). Atmospheric degradation of volatile organic compounds. Chemical reviews, 103(12), 4605-
4638.
Liu, B., Tu, M., & Fischer, R. A. (2013). Metal–organic framework thin films: crystallite orientation dependent adsorption.
Angewandte Chemie International Edition, 52(12), 3402-3405.
