This document discusses mental retardation, including its definition as a developmental disability marked by below-average intelligence and limited daily living skills. It describes the classification of mental retardation as mild, moderate, severe or profound based on IQ ranges. The types are then defined in more detail, outlining common characteristics. Causes of mental retardation are also listed, such as genetic abnormalities, problems during pregnancy or birth, infections, and exposure to diseases or toxins. Finally, some specific types of mental retardation are named, like Down's syndrome, Fragile X syndrome, Microcephaly and Hydrocephalus.

1. Olive R. Orpilla
COED

2. Overview
 What is Mental Retardation?
 Classification of Mental Retardation
 Causes of Mental Retardation
 Some types of Mental Retardation

3. Mental Retardation
is a developmental disability that is
marked by lower-than-normal
intelligence and limited daily living skills.
Mental retardation is normally present
at birth or develops early in life.

4. Classification of Mental
Retardation
Mild
IQ
Ranges
from
50-70
Moderate
IQ Ranges
from
35-50
Severe
IQ
Ranges
from
20-35
Profound
IQ Ranges
Below 20

5. Mild Mental Retardation
IQ range from 50-70
 Individuals in this group can often
live on their own with community
support.
 These individuals have minimum
retardation in sensory-motor areas.

6. Moderate Mental Retardation
IQ range from 35-50
 They are challenged academically and
often are not able to achieve academically
above a second to third grade level.
 As adults, persons with moderate mental
retardation may be able to perform
semiskilled work under appropriate
supervision.

7. Severe Mental
Retardation
IQ range from 20-35
 Individuals in this category can often
master the most basic skills of living, such as
cleaning and dressing themselves.
 Is often recognized early in life with poor
motor development & absent or markedly
delayed speech & communication skills.


8. Profound Mental Retardation
IQ range below 20
 Individuals at this level can often develop
basic communication and self-care skills.
 Most individuals with profound mental
retardation have identifiable causes for their
condition.

9. Causes of Mental
Retardation
 Infections (present at birth or occurring
after birth)
 Chromosomal abnormalities Chromosome
deletions chromosome than usual) Defects in
the chromosome or chromosomal inheritance
Errors of chromosome numbers.

10.  Problems at birth. If a baby has problems
during labor and birth, such as not getting
enough oxygen, he or she may have
developmental disability due to brain
damage.
 Problems during pregnancy.
 Exposure to certain types of disease or
toxins.

11. Some Types of Mental
Retardation
Down's Syndrome
Fragile X Syndrome
Microcephaly
Hydrocephalus