Endometritis is the inflammation of the endometrium, the uterine lining, often caused by infections such as chlamydia and gonorrhea, especially following childbirth or medical procedures. Symptoms include dysmenorrhea, abnormal vaginal discharge, fever, and lower abdominal pain, with acute and chronic forms presenting with different histological features. Chronic endometritis may be associated with underlying cancers of the cervix or endometrium.

1. MUHAMMAD ZAID SHOKAT
International School of Medicine

2.  ENDOMETRIUM
 It is the lining of uterus.it consists of columnar
epithelium and stroma.it has two layers;
 1)functional built after end of menstruation during the
first part of the previous menstrual cycle.It sheds
during menstruation.
 2)basal layer is not shed during menstrual cycle and
functional layer develops from it.

3.  It is inflammation of the lining of the uterus.
Commonly occurs after giving birth or also in
non-pregnant women.
 In addition to endometrium, inflammation
may involve myometrium and occasionally
parametrium.

4.  Causes of Endometritis
 Endometritis is caused by infection in the uterus.It can be due
to;
 -Chlamydia
 -Tuberculosis
 -Gonorrhea
 -Mix. of normal vaginal bacteria.
 It is most likely to occur after miscarriage or childbirth or after
C-section.
 It can be transmitted through following medical procedures;
 -Hysteroscopy
 -Placement of an Intra Uterine Device(IUD)
 -Uterine scrapping

5.  Symptoms
 Dysmenorrhea
 Dyspareunia
 Abnormal vaginal discharge
 -increased amount
 -unusual color,consistency,color
 Discomfort with bowel movement(including
constipation).
 Fever(range from 37.8 to 40C)
 General discomfort, uneasiness, or ill
feeling(malaise).
 Pain in lower abdomen or pelvic region.
 Pain is typically chronic and crampy.
 Infertility.

6.  Acute endometritis
 It is characterized by infection.The organisms
most often isolated are because of compromised
abortions, delivery,medical instrumentation and
retention of placental fragments.
 Histologically; Neutrophilic infiltration of the
endometrial tissue is present during the acute
endometritis.
 Clinical presentation include typical high fever
and purulent vaginal discharge.

7.  Menstruation after acute endometritis is
excessive.
 Most often caused by Staphylococci,
Streptococci or N.gonorrheae.

8.  Chronic endometritis
 Characterized by the presence of the plasma cells in
the stroma.
 Lymphocytes, eosinophills and even lymphoid
follicles can be seen but in the absence of plasma
cells are not enough for a histologic diagnosis.
 The most common organisms are;
 -Neisseria gonorrheae
 -Chlamydia
 -Streptococcus Agalactiae
 -Tuberculosis
 -Mycoplasma
 -Various viruses

9.  Patients suffering from chronic endometritis
may have an underlying cancer of the cervix or
the endometrium.