This document outlines a course on medical mycology and virology (BMLT5001), covering topics such as fungal infections, viral classification, PCR techniques, and laboratory diagnostics. It details the course structure, including various units on fungi and virus diseases, laboratory procedures, and specific pathogens. The document also provides references and resources for further learning in the field.

1. Module- 1
Topic name
Introduction to medical mycology
Sub code: BMLT5001
Sub Name: Virology and mycology
Department: Department of MLT, SMAS
Faculty: A. Vamsi Kumar
Designation : Assistant professor
Sem- V

2. SYLLABUS OVERVIEW
Unit-1 Mycology 8 hours
Introduction to medical mycology, basic concepts about superficial and deep mycoses taxonomy , classification &
general characteristics of Various medically important fungi.
Unit-2 Fungal infection 8 hours
Names of fungi & diseases caused by them; superficial mycoses, candida, dermatophytes, opportunistic fungi,
subcutaneous mycoses
Unit-3 Virology 7 hours
Introduction, classification of virus, collection, Transport, & Storage of sample for Viral diagnosis. Staining Techniques
used in virology,
Processing of sample for viral diagnosis (Egg Inoculation & Tissue culture)
Unit-4 RNA Viruses 9 hours
RNA Viruses: Polio myelitis, Rhino virus, Influenza, Rabies, Arbo viruses, Measles Mumps, Rubella, HIV
Unit-5 DNA Viruses 8 hours
DNA viruses: Small Pox, HSV, CMV, EBV, Varicella Zoster, Hepatitis, Adeno virus
Unit - 6 Next generation PCR and it’s modren applications 8 Hours
PCR and Next genration DNA Secquencing techniques to identify viral genome: History of PCR, Priciple of PCR, Stages
of PCR, procedure of PCR, Concept of optimization of PCR, Applications of PCR, Advancements in PCR technology, DNA
sequecing techniques, Methods of DNA Sequencing, Next generation DNA sequencing techniques

3. Course outcomes
On completion of this course, the student can be able to:
• Perform basic diagnostic tests to identify fungus

4. Learning outcomes
1 Understand the world of microbes, fungi and lichens
2 Appreciate the adaptive strategies of the microbes, fungi and lichens
3 Understand the economic and pathological importance of bacteria and fungi

5. Contents

19. Classification of Fungus

25. Mould
//
Conidia
Mycelium

35. NEXT LECTURE

37. Asexual spores
Vegetative spores Areal spores

40. Laboratory Diagnosis of
fungal sample
In last lecture

41. Specimen collection

42. LABORATORY DIAGNOSIS
1.Direct Microscopy
2.Culture
3.Tissue sections

43. 1. Direct
Microscopy
KOH
preparation
KOH with
Calcofluor
Gram
staining
Indian Ink
preparation
KOH preparation Gram staining
Indian Ink preparation

44. 1. Direct Microscopy

48. 2. Culture
Sabouraud Dextrose Agar
(SDA)
Lactophenol cotton blue mount
(LPCB)

49. Introduction
Sabouraud Dextrose Agar
(SDA)
• Sabouraud Dextrose Agar (SDA) is used for the
isolation, cultivation, and maintenance of non-
pathogenic and pathogenic species
of fungi and yeasts.
• SDA was formulated by Sabouraud in 1892 for
culturing dermatophytes.
• The pH is adjusted to approximately 5.6 in order
to enhance the growth of fungi,
especially dermatophytes, and to slightly inhibit
bacterial growth in clinical specimens.

50. Principle
The SDA media is comprised of enzymatic digest of casein (BHI) and animal tissues which
provide a nutritious source of amino acids and nitrogenous compounds for the growth of fungi
and yeasts.
Dextrose is the fermentable carbohydrate incorporated in high concentration as a carbon and
energy source.
Agar is the solidifying agent.
The addition of antibiotics like Chloramphenicol and/or tetracycline acts as broad-spectrum
antimicrobials to inhibit the growth of a wide range of gram-positive and gram-negative
bacteria.
Cyclohexamide is added to further inhibit the growth of gram-negative bacteria.

51. • Ch
Chloramphenicol – Suppress growth of
contaminating bacteria
Cycloheximide – Suppress growth of
contaminating fungi.
Brain heart infusion (BHI) with blood and
antibiotics – for primary isolation of fungi.

52. Lactophenol cotton blue mount

54. In last lecture
Classification of fungal diseases

55. 3

57. Chromoblastomycosis
Mycetoma
Sporotrichosis

58. Cryptococcus neoformans
AspergillosisCoccidiodomycosis

59. Unit-2 Fungal infection 8 hours
Names of fungi & diseases caused by them; superficial
mycoses, candida, dermatophytes, opportunistic fungi,
subcutaneous mycoses
Unit - II

60. Superficial Mycoses

61. In this lecture

62. products
1.
2.
3.

63. Tinea versicolor
Tinea nigra

67. In the next lecture

68. In next lecture
Dermatophytes

69. Dermatophytes
1. Introduction
2. Classification of dermatophytes
3. Species of dermatophytes
4. Clinical infections caused by infection
5. Laboratory Diagnosis
6. Treatment

71. Classification
Dermatophytes
Based on their Genus Based on their habitat

72. Based on Genus
Trichophyton Microsporum Epidermophyton

73. Clinical Infections
Tinea Capitis Favus
Tinea corporis

74. Lab Diagnosis

75. Trichophyton species

79. 2. Microsporum species

81. 3. epidermophyton

82. 3. epidermophyton

84. Unit-2 Fungal infection 8 hours
Names of fungi & diseases caused by them; superficial
mycoses, candida, dermatophytes, opportunistic fungi,
subcutaneous mycoses
Unit - II

85. In the next lecture
Subcutaneous Mycoses

86. Subcutaneous Mycoses
Mycetoma Chromomycosis Sporotrichosis Rhinosporidiosis

87. In the previous lecture
Mycetoma

94. Subcutaneous Mycoses
Mycetoma Chromomycosis Sporotrichosis Rhinosporidiosis

95. 2. Chromomycosis

96. 2. Chromomycosis

99. 3. Sporotrichosis

101. 4. Rhinosporodiosis

103. Unit-2 Fungal infection 8 hours
Names of fungi & diseases caused by them; superficial
mycoses, candida, dermatophytes, opportunistic fungi,
subcutaneous mycoses
Unit - II

104. In the next lecture
opportunistic fungi
I.e: Candidiasis & Aspergillosis

105. 1. Candidiasis
2. Aspergillous
3. Zygomycosis
4. Penicillosis

107. 1. Candidiasis
1. Introduction
2. Morphology
3. Species
4. Pathogenesis
5. Clinical Symptoms
6. Laboratory Diagnosis
7. Treatment
1. Direct Microscopy
2. Culture
3. Identification
4. Serology
5. Antigen detection
6. Skin test
1. Germ Tube test
2. Chlamydiospores
3. Carbohydrate
fermentation test

108. Introduction

110. a. Mucocutaneous lesions
b. Skin and Nail infections
c. Chronic mucocutaneous candidiasis
d. Systemic candidiasis

119. In the next lecture
Aspergillosis, Systemic mycoses &
Mycotoxins

120. Aspergillus

123. Results & interpretation
Fungi Colony morphology
1 Aspergillus flavus Yellow-green, powdery and pale yellowish on reverse
2 Aspergillus niger
The initial growth is white, becoming black later on giving “salt and
pepper appearance” which results from darkly pigmented conidia
borne in large numbers on conidiophores and reverse turning pale
yellow
3 aspergillus fumigatus Blue – green, powdery and pale yellow on reverse .
4 Trichosporon mucoides White to cream, yellowish, wrinkled

125. Systemic Mycoses
Blastomycosis Paracoccidiodomycosis
Histoplasmosis
Cryptococcosis

128. Mycotoxins

129. Mycology Overview

130. Mycology Overview

131. Objective questions
1. 1. Discuss in detail about laboratory diagnosis of fungi. A . Direct microscopy, B . Culture, C . Tissue sections
2. 2. How would you classify various types of fungal diseases ?
3. 3. Write the types of superficial mycoses
4. 4. Discuss in detail about surface fungal infections. I.e: Tenis vesicolor, Tinea Nigra & Piedra
5. 5. Write the introduction, classification, species, clinical infection, Laboratory diagnosis & treatment of
Dermatophytes
6. 6. Classify various types of subcutaneous mycoses
7. 7. Discuss in detail about Mycetoma
8. 8. What is chromomycosis, discuss about its Lab diagnosis
9. 9. What is sporotrichosis? Discuss it's laboratory diagnosis?
10. 10. Discuss in detail about Rhijosporodiosis.
11. 11. Name some opportunitiatic fungi?
12. 12. Discuss in detail about introduction, morphology, species pathogensis and clinical symptoms of Candidiasis.
13. 13. Discuss in detail about laboratory diagnosis of Candida infection
14. 14. Elaborate on Aspergillosis
15. 15. What are mycotoxins? Give some examples.
16. 16. Writes the names of systemic mycoses.

132. Reference
• https://www.slideshare.net/VamsiIntellectual/introduction-to-
hematology-173160503
• Dr. NTR university of health sciences B.Sc. MLT syllabus

133. Youtube videos
• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6-hm3pdr8UA
• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HQWlcSp9Sls
• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XVWOlKdpF_I