The document presents an overview of Material Requirements Planning (MRP) used at Kathmandu University School of Management, focusing on its structure, major inputs like the Master Production Schedule (MPS), Bill of Materials (BOM), and inventory records. It elaborates on the MRP logic, including calculations for component requirements and lead times while highlighting the differences between MRP and Just-In-Time (JIT) production systems. Additionally, the document emphasizes the dynamic nature of MRP and the importance of effective planning and scheduling in manufacturing processes.

1. MATERIAL REQUIREMENT PLANNING
Kathmandu University School Of Management (KUSOM)
Subject: Managing Operations and Technology
Term/Trimester: MBA Second Term
Year: 2017
Presented by:
Dipesh Raj Pandey
Roll - 17321

2. Material Requirements Planning
(MRP)
• INTRODUCTION OF MRP

3. MRP System Structure
(Input & Output)
MRP
system
inputs
MRP
system
outputs

4. Aggregate plan shows
overall quantities to
produce – without
specifying type
Major Inputs to MRP System:
1. Master Production Schedule (MPS)
• The MPS deals with end items (finished goods).
• The aggregate plan provides the general range of operation.
• MPS specifies exactly what need to be produced, not what
can be produced and when to produce.
MPS shows quantities
of each type, with
information about the
production time frame

5. • BOM is often called product structure file or product tree.
• Contains the complete product description, listing the
materials, parts, and components along with the sequence
in which the product is created
Major Inputs to MRP System:
2. Bill of Material (BOM)
Product
A – the
end item
Product A
consists of
2 B and 3
C
Part C consists
of 2 F, 5 G and
4 H
Part B
consists of
1 D and 4
E
Level 0
Level 1
Level 2

6. Basic
information
describing
the item
Informatio
n about
part
availability
Additional
information
that may
be useful
• Contains an extensive amount of information on every item that
is produced, ordered, or inventoried in the system
Major Inputs to MRP System:
3. Inventory Records File

7. MRP Logic & BOM (without lead time
consideration)- Worksheet p.1
• Product M is made of two units of N and three of
P. N is made of two units of R and four units of S.
R is made of one unit of S and three units of T. P is
made of two units of T and four units of U.
a.Show the bill of materials (product structure tree).
b.If 100 M are required, how many units of each
component are needed?

8. a. Show the bill of materials (product
structure tree).
M
N (2) P (3)
R (2) S (4) T (2) U (4)
S (1) T (3)
Level 0
Level 1
Level 2
Level 3

9. b. If 100 M are required, how many
units of each component are needed?
• M= 100
• N= 2M = 2X 100= 200
• P= 3M = 3 X 100= 300
• R= 2N = 2X 200= 400
• S= 4N + 1R= 4X 200+ 1X400= 800+ 400= 1,200
• T= 2P + 3R= 2X300+ 3X400= 600+ 1,200=1,800
• U= 4P = 4X300= 1,200

10. MRP Logic and BOM (with lead time
consideration)
B(4)
E(1)D(2)
C(2)
F(2)D(3)
A
Product Structure Tree for Assembly A
Lead Times
A 1 day
B 2 days
C 1 day
D 3 days
E 4 days
F 1 day
Demand
Day 10 50 A
Given the product structure tree for “A” and the lead time and
demand information below, provide a materials requirements
plan that defines the number of units of each component and
when they will be needed.
Lead Times
A 1 day
B 2 days
C 1 day
D 3 days
E 4 days
F 1 day

11. LT = 1 day
Day: 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
A Required 50
Order Placement 50
First, the number of units of “A” are scheduled backwards
to allow for their lead time. So, in the materials
requirement plan below, we have to place an order for 50
units of “A” in the 9th week to receive them in the 10th
week.

12. Next, we need to start scheduling the components that make up “A”. In
the case of component “B” we need 4 B’s for each A. Since we need 50
A’s, that means 200 B’s. And again, we back the schedule up for the
necessary 2 days of lead time.
Day: 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
A Required 50
Order Placement 50
B Required 200
Order Placement 200
LT = 2
B(4)
E(1)D(2)
C(2)
F(2)D(3)
A 4x50=200

13. A Required 50
LT=1 Order Placement
B Required
LT=2 Order Placement
C Required
LT=1 Order Placement
D Required
LT=3 Order Placement
E Required
LT=4 Order Placement
F Required
LT=1 Order Placement
B(4)
E(1)D(2)
C(2)
F(2)D(3)
A
Finally, repeating the process for all components, we have the
final materials requirements plan:
13
B=4A= 4x50=200
C=2A= 2x50=100
D=2B=2x200=400
E=1B= 1x200=200
D=3C= 3x100=300
F=2C= 2x100=200
A= 50
Day: 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

14. Recap: Three Major Inputs for MRP
System
1. Data from the master production schedule (MPS) – end item (to be
produced)
2. Data from a bill of material (BOM) - product structure (end item and
its relationship with components)
3. Data from Inventory record file - inventory on hand and on order

15. MRP Explosion
• Explosion: The process of calculating the exact requirements
for each item managed by the system
Independent
Demand
item- End
Product A
Dependent
Demand
items: B, C,
D, E, F, G,
and H
BOM (Product Structure)

16. 50 60 70A
Master Production Schedule (MPS)- Gross
Requirements for End items
Inventory Record file

17. MRP Terminology
• Gross Requirements: The total amount required for a particular
item.
• Scheduled Receipts: Existing orders that arrive at beginning of
period.
• Projected available balance: Amount of inventory expected as of
the end of a period
• Net requirements: The amount needed when the project available
balance in a period is not sufficient to cover the gross requirement
• Planned order receipt: the amount of an order that is required to
meet a net requirement; arrives at beginning of period.
• Planned order release: the planned order receipt offset by the
lead time

18. MRP Explosion Process
8. Repeat for all items in bill of materials
7. Net requirements, planned-order receipts, and planned-order releases are calculated as described in steps
2–4
6. Gross requirements for each level 1 item are calculated from the planned-order release schedule for the
parents of each level 1 item
5. Move to Level 1 items
4. Planned order releases are generated by offsetting to allow for lead time
3. Net requirements data is used to calculate when orders should be received to meet these
requirements
2. On-hand balance and schedule of orders are used to calculate the “net requirements”
1. The requirements for end items are retrieved from the master schedule
These are referred to as “gross requirements” by the MRP program

19. MRP Management
 MRP is a dynamic system
 Facilitates replanning when changes occur
 System nervousness can result from too many
changes
 Time fences put limits on replanning
 Pegging links each item to its parent allowing
effective analysis of changes

20. MRP and JIT
 MRP is a planning system that does not
do detailed scheduling
 MRP requires fixed lead times which
might actually vary with batch size
 JIT excels at rapidly moving small batches
of material through the system

21. MRP and JIT
• MRP is concerned with ordering raw materials and
planning resource deployments based on sales
forecasts.
• JIT focuses on production as it relates not to forecast
sales, but to actual orders in-hand.

22. Small Bucket Approach
1. MRP “buckets” are reduced to daily or hourly
 The most common planning period (time bucket) for MRP systems is weekly
2. Planned receipts are used internally to sequence production
3. Inventory is moved through the plant on a JIT basis
4. Completed products are moved to finished goods inventory which reduces
required quantities for subsequent planned orders
5. Back flushing based on the BOM is used to deduct inventory that was used in
production

23. Balanced Flow
 Used in repetitive operations
 MRP plans are
executed using
JIT techniques
based on “pull”
principles
 Flows are carefully
balanced with
small lot sizes

24. Finite Capacity Scheduling
 MRP systems do not consider capacity
during normal planning cycles
 Finite capacity scheduling (FCS)
recognizes actual capacity limits
 By merging MRP and FCS, a finite
schedule is created with feasible capacities
which facilitates rapid material movement

25. THANK
YOU!