Marine pollution comes from many sources including land-based activities, oil spills, sewage, mining, and shipping. Pollution enters the oceans directly through waste discharges, rivers carrying runoff, and atmospheric deposition. This pollution has negative impacts like toxic chemicals, hypoxia, invasive species, harm to wildlife from entanglement and ingestion of plastic debris, and acidification affecting shells and corals. Preventing marine pollution requires better waste management, regulation of mining and shipping, and reduction of nutrient runoff from agriculture and developed areas.
This document discusses various types of marine pollution including land-based sources of pollution, oil spills, sewage, heavy metals, plastics, and excess nutrients. Specific examples are provided of polluted rivers such as the New River in California. The main ways that pollutants enter the oceans are through direct discharge, surface runoff, ship pollution, atmospheric deposition, and deep sea mining. Each of these pathways is described in more detail. The document also outlines some major human impacts on marine environments such as eutrophication, acidification, plastic debris, toxins, noise pollution, and provides suggestions for mitigating pollution and protecting marine life.
This document discusses various types of marine pollution including land-based sources of pollution, oil spills, untreated sewage, heavy metals, marine debris, and more. It notes that over 70% of tropical and temperate coasts were heavily impacted by human development by 2002, and this may rise to 90% by 2032. Pollution affects marine life through poisoning, damage to organs and immune systems, and noise pollution disrupts wildlife communication. Specific examples of pollution are provided from rivers and mining. Ways pollution enters oceans include direct discharge, surface runoff, ship pollution, atmospheric deposition, and deep sea mining. The health impacts on marine life and ways to mitigate pollution through reduced human impacts and protecting marine life from oil
Presentation evs on marine pollution..pptx somy.pptx coorectedBharati Das
This document discusses marine pollution and its causes. It defines marine pollution as the introduction of substances into the marine environment by human activities that result in adverse effects. There are five main types of marine pollution: direct discharge of waste, runoff, ship pollution, atmospheric pollution, and deep sea mining. Major causes of pollution include the discharge of municipal, agricultural, and industrial waste into waterways and oceans as well as oil spills from shipping accidents and ballast water exchange. Pollution decreases oxygen levels in water and releases toxic substances that harm marine life and degrade coastal environments. Strategies to address pollution include improved waste treatment, contingency planning for oil spills, and best management practices for runoff.
Chemical Oceanography is fundamentally interdisciplinary. The chemistry of the ocean is closely tied to ocean circulation, climate, the plants and animals that live in the ocean, and the exchange of material with the atmosphere, cryosphere, continents, and mantle
This document provides an introduction to marine ecosystems. It discusses the key characteristics of marine ecosystems, including the biotic and abiotic components. It also describes several types of marine ecosystems in more detail, including oceans, estuaries, on-shore ecosystems, and coral reefs. For each ecosystem type, it outlines the defining features, environmental factors, and common plant and animal species found there. The goal is to study and understand these different marine environments and the life they support.
This document discusses heavy metal pollution, specifically focusing on mercury pollution. It defines marine pollution and contamination, and how contamination is measured. It then discusses how mercury pollution occurs through bioaccumulation and biomagnification within marine ecosystems. Sources of mercury pollution discussed include atmospheric deposition, rivers, groundwater seepage, and deliberate discharge. Effects of mercury toxicity in humans and marine life are outlined, including specific examples like Minamata disease. High levels of mercury found in fish, marine mammals, and whale meat intended for human consumption are noted as a health concern.
Marine pollution and its effect on environmentPramoda Raj
This document discusses various types of marine pollution including oil pollution, eutrophication, conservative pollutants such as metals and halogenated hydrocarbons, thermal pollution, radioactive pollution, and litter and plastic pollution. It outlines sources of each type of pollution and their impacts on the marine environment such as oil spills harming ecosystems, nutrients from eutrophication causing algal blooms, metals and plastics bioaccumulating in marine organisms and entering the food chain, and litter entangling and being ingested by animals. The conclusion states that education on marine pollution through awareness, research, and dissemination is key to reducing pollution in oceans.
This document discusses various types of marine pollution including land-based sources of pollution, oil spills, sewage, heavy metals, plastics, and excess nutrients. Specific examples are provided of polluted rivers such as the New River in California. The main ways that pollutants enter the oceans are through direct discharge, surface runoff, ship pollution, atmospheric deposition, and deep sea mining. Each of these pathways is described in more detail. The document also outlines some major human impacts on marine environments such as eutrophication, acidification, plastic debris, toxins, noise pollution, and provides suggestions for mitigating pollution and protecting marine life.
This document discusses various types of marine pollution including land-based sources of pollution, oil spills, untreated sewage, heavy metals, marine debris, and more. It notes that over 70% of tropical and temperate coasts were heavily impacted by human development by 2002, and this may rise to 90% by 2032. Pollution affects marine life through poisoning, damage to organs and immune systems, and noise pollution disrupts wildlife communication. Specific examples of pollution are provided from rivers and mining. Ways pollution enters oceans include direct discharge, surface runoff, ship pollution, atmospheric deposition, and deep sea mining. The health impacts on marine life and ways to mitigate pollution through reduced human impacts and protecting marine life from oil
Presentation evs on marine pollution..pptx somy.pptx coorectedBharati Das
This document discusses marine pollution and its causes. It defines marine pollution as the introduction of substances into the marine environment by human activities that result in adverse effects. There are five main types of marine pollution: direct discharge of waste, runoff, ship pollution, atmospheric pollution, and deep sea mining. Major causes of pollution include the discharge of municipal, agricultural, and industrial waste into waterways and oceans as well as oil spills from shipping accidents and ballast water exchange. Pollution decreases oxygen levels in water and releases toxic substances that harm marine life and degrade coastal environments. Strategies to address pollution include improved waste treatment, contingency planning for oil spills, and best management practices for runoff.
Chemical Oceanography is fundamentally interdisciplinary. The chemistry of the ocean is closely tied to ocean circulation, climate, the plants and animals that live in the ocean, and the exchange of material with the atmosphere, cryosphere, continents, and mantle
This document provides an introduction to marine ecosystems. It discusses the key characteristics of marine ecosystems, including the biotic and abiotic components. It also describes several types of marine ecosystems in more detail, including oceans, estuaries, on-shore ecosystems, and coral reefs. For each ecosystem type, it outlines the defining features, environmental factors, and common plant and animal species found there. The goal is to study and understand these different marine environments and the life they support.
This document discusses heavy metal pollution, specifically focusing on mercury pollution. It defines marine pollution and contamination, and how contamination is measured. It then discusses how mercury pollution occurs through bioaccumulation and biomagnification within marine ecosystems. Sources of mercury pollution discussed include atmospheric deposition, rivers, groundwater seepage, and deliberate discharge. Effects of mercury toxicity in humans and marine life are outlined, including specific examples like Minamata disease. High levels of mercury found in fish, marine mammals, and whale meat intended for human consumption are noted as a health concern.
Marine pollution and its effect on environmentPramoda Raj
This document discusses various types of marine pollution including oil pollution, eutrophication, conservative pollutants such as metals and halogenated hydrocarbons, thermal pollution, radioactive pollution, and litter and plastic pollution. It outlines sources of each type of pollution and their impacts on the marine environment such as oil spills harming ecosystems, nutrients from eutrophication causing algal blooms, metals and plastics bioaccumulating in marine organisms and entering the food chain, and litter entangling and being ingested by animals. The conclusion states that education on marine pollution through awareness, research, and dissemination is key to reducing pollution in oceans.
The document discusses the composition of seawater. It notes that seawater is composed primarily of sodium and chloride ions. Other major ions include magnesium, sulfate, and bicarbonate. Seawater also contains minor and trace elements. Gases like nitrogen, oxygen, carbon dioxide, and argon are dissolved in seawater through diffusion and wave action. Salinity measures the dissolved solids in seawater and averages around 35,000 parts per million. Temperature and salinity influence seawater density, with higher salinity and lower temperatures resulting in higher density. The pH of seawater ranges from 7.5 to 8.4. Turbidity is caused by particles that reduce water clarity. Composition
Techniques of fisheries management sudipKoushik Das
The document discusses various techniques of fisheries management, including conventional, developmental, and regulatory techniques. Conventional techniques historically focused on biological aspects and conservation, while modern fisheries management takes a wider approach. Developmental techniques involve creating master plans to develop sectors like marine fishing, aquaculture, and marketing over multiple years. Regulatory techniques use blanket controls like limiting fishing effort and catch quotas, as well as selective controls like protected areas and size limits, to regulate the catching, processing, and marketing branches of the fisheries industry.
This document discusses various types of water pollutants including pathogens from sewage, organic waste from industrial and agricultural runoff, chemical pollutants from industry and mining, excess sediments, and excess nutrients that can cause eutrophication. It provides examples of point source pollution from factories and non-point source pollution from agricultural runoff and urban areas. Prevention methods include reducing water usage, proper disposal of household chemicals, minimizing fertilizer and pesticide use, and cleaning up litter.
This document defines marine pollution and discusses its causes and impacts. It states that marine pollution is the introduction of contaminants into aquatic environments that harms ecosystems or organisms. The main causes of marine pollution discussed are direct discharge of waste, runoff, ship pollution, atmospheric deposition, and deep sea mining. Major impacts include eutrophication, toxicity, and effects on sea creatures like death from ingestion of plastics. Prevention techniques mentioned include following anti-pollution acts and not littering to prevent trash from entering waterways.
This document discusses different types of pollution, including marine pollution. It defines marine pollution as the introduction of substances or energy into the marine environment by human activities that can harm the environment. The document outlines various types of marine pollutants like sediment, chemicals, oil, and sewage. It notes that 80% of non-biological marine pollution comes from land-based activities like industries discharging waste into oceans. Marine pollution impacts ocean ecosystems and public health while also reducing economic activities like fisheries and tourism. The best approach to address marine pollution is prevention through changes in human behavior rather than more costly after-the-fact remediation efforts.
This document provides an overview of marine pollution presented in a seminar. It discusses various sources of marine pollution including direct discharge of industrial and urban waste, land runoff carrying pollutants, sewage, pesticides, metallic wastes, ship pollution, atmospheric deposition, and deep sea mining. It also examines different types of marine pollution such as eutrophication, oil spills, radioactive pollution, thermal pollution, and plastic debris. The conclusion emphasizes that marine pollution occurs when chemicals, particles, waste, or invasive species enter the oceans and have harmful effects, disrupting marine food webs and environments.
Marine protected area Marine protected areas (MPA) are protected areas of seas, oceans, estuaries or in the US, the Great Lakes .[2] These marine areas can come in many forms ranging from wildlife refuges to research facilities.[3] MPAs restrict human activity for a conservation purpose, typically to protect natural or cultural resources.[4] Such marine resources are protected by local, state, territorial, native, regional, national, or international authorities and differ substantially among and between nations. This variation includes different limitations on development, fishing practices, fishing seasons and catch limits, moorings and bans on removing or disrupting marine life. In some situations (such as with the Phoenix Islands Protected Area), MPAs also provide revenue for countries, potentially equal to the income that they would have if they were to grant companies permissions to fish.[5]
On 28 October 2016 in Hobart, Australia, the Convention for the Conservation of Antarctic Marine Living Resources agreed to establish the first Antarctic and largest marine protected area in the world encompassing 1.55 million km2 (600,000 sq mi) in the Ross Sea.[6] Other large MPAs are in the Indian, Pacific, and Atlantic Oceans, in certain exclusive economic zones of Australia and overseas territories of France, the United Kingdom and the United States, with major (990,000 square kilometres (380,000 sq mi) or larger) new or expanded MPAs by these nations since 2012—such as Natural Park of the Coral Sea, Pacific Remote Islands Marine National Monument, Coral Sea Commonwealth Marine Reserve and South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands Marine Protected Area. When counted with MPAs of all sizes from many other countries, as of August 2016 there are more than 13,650 MPAs, encompassing 2.07% of the world's oceans, with half of that area – encompassing 1.03% of the world's oceans – receiving complete "no-take" designation.[7]
The study of physical oceanography helps in understanding all these aspects in detail. Let us see most of these factors and processes in our future modules. Mathematical models of all these processes are also developed using these phenomena and mechanisms. The individual aspects of all the elements of physical oceanography are to be studied in detail.
This document discusses the important physical, chemical, and biological properties for successful fish pond culture. It covers factors like temperature, depth, turbidity, light, dissolved oxygen, pH, carbon dioxide, hardness, alkalinity, ammonia, phosphorus, and dissolved solids. Maintaining optimal ranges for these various properties can ensure high fish productivity, prevent disease outbreaks, and support healthy aquatic ecosystems in the pond. The document emphasizes how closely managing water quality, food production, and fish health are interlinked for sustainable aquaculture.
The water contamination is a widely common problem relating to the field of environmental and water resource engineering. It requires very sophisticated techniques to prevent the occurrence of contamination in ground or shallow water resources by all available prevention methods. This research discusses the different sources of ground water contamination and the effects of contaminated water on the health and environment. In addition to some details about the protection methods to keep water usable and finally recommendations and conclusion.
The Physical Oceanography is an essential part of the study in oceanography. It is the study of physical conditions and physical processes within the ocean, especially the motions and physical properties of ocean waters.
The document summarizes an oil spill that occurred in Ennore, India in January 2017. A collision between two ships caused 200 tons of heavy furnace oil to spill into the sea, polluting beaches and harming marine life. Local fishermen could no longer fish, affecting their livelihoods. Volunteers helped with cleanup efforts but faced health issues from exposure to the toxic oil. The spill impacted the environment, marine life, local economies and public health. An investigation found deficiencies in the initial emergency response, including delayed actions, inadequate resources, and unprotected volunteers performing cleanup.
presentation was provided by Prof W.U Chandrasekara
Department of Zoology and Environmental Management
For Coastal and Marine resource management course
- Square mesh codends can help reduce bycatch compared to traditional diamond mesh codends. Square mesh retains its shape as the codend fills, leaving openings for small fish to escape. Studies show square mesh codends of 55-60mm reduced bycatch by 22-33% and juveniles by up to 95% compared to 100mm diamond mesh.
- Another bycatch reduction method is using a square mesh window in the top of the codend or trawl body. As fish pass through the trawl they orient towards the device and can escape through the square openings.
- Bycatch reduction devices like Dan Watson's design of escape rings fitted along trawl nets can also make trawling more sustainable by allowing non
The document discusses different methods of coastal management used to reduce erosion and protect coastlines. Hard engineering options like sea walls, groynes, and revetments aim to reduce erosion but are expensive and can damage the environment. Soft engineering options like beach nourishment, managed retreat, and beach reshaping are often more sustainable and cost-effective but provide only temporary protection. The document provides details on each method, including how they work, advantages, and disadvantages.
The document discusses the marine environment, which covers over 70% of the planet and contains 97% of the earth's water. It notes that marine ecosystems hold 80% of all life on the planet and lists species diversity in the Philippines, including over 800 coral species. The marine environment is important for producing oxygen, moderating climate, and providing food and livelihoods. However, it faces threats such as pollution, overfishing, and climate change, negatively impacting species like turtles, sharks, and seahorses. The document encourages learning about and protecting the ocean.
selection criteria for aquaculture engenerring As Siyam
The document discusses site assessment and selection criteria for aquaculture engineering projects. It outlines various physical, chemical, biological, and engineering factors that should be considered when selecting a project site. Key criteria include meteorological and hydrological conditions, soil type and quality, water quality parameters, characteristics of the culture species, availability of infrastructure like electricity, workshops, pumps, and aeration facilities. The site also needs to consider factors like accessibility, availability of materials, labor, transportation, and proximity to markets.
Almost all natural bodies of water bear fish life, the exceptions being very hot thermal ponds and extremely salt-alkaline lakes such as the Dead Sea and Great Salt Lake. The fishes belong to the most numerous and diversified group among vertebrates. They dominate the water bodies of the world through a variety of morphological, physiological and behavioral adaptations. They have been in existence for more than 450 million years. A total of 24618 species of fishes belonging to 482 families and 4258 genera have so far been described. About 58% of the fish species are marine while 41% are freshwater inhabitants and 1% migrants. In our Indian region alone, there are 2,500 species of which 930 are inhabitants of freshwater and the rest live in the seas. In other words, India harbours 11.5% of the fish fauna so far known in the world. There are over 800 living species of sharks and rays, 30 species of chimaeras and ratfishes, 6 species of lung fishes, 1 species of coelacanths, 36 species of long ray finned bichirs, sturgeons and paddlefishes. The Neopterygii are the rest of the known species of modem fishes. All these fishes inhabit various niches in the aquatic environment. The diversified habitats of fishes include open oceans, deep oceanic trenches, nearshore waters, saline coastal embayments, brackishwaters, estuaries, intermittent streams, tiny desert springs, vernal pools, cold mountain streams, lakes, ponds, etc.
The document discusses the causes and effects of marine pollution. It outlines several major sources of marine pollution including land-based runoff from agriculture and development, shipping activities, disposal of plastic waste, and offshore oil drilling. These pollution sources introduce excess nutrients, sediments, toxic chemicals, and invasive species into oceans. This causes problems like algal blooms, dead zones, entanglement and ingestion of plastic by wildlife, contamination of seafood, and damage to coral reefs. Climate change is also exacerbating issues like ocean acidification that threaten marine ecosystems.
The document discusses various types of marine pollution including plastic debris, oil pollution, eutrophication, acidification, thermal pollution, radioactive pollution, and underwater noise pollution. It outlines the sources, impacts and solutions for each type of pollution. The sources discussed include land-based sources like agricultural and municipal runoff, ocean dumping, oil spills, and deep sea mining. The impacts covered are effects on marine life, human health, marine activities, and water quality. Solutions proposed are prevention through regulations, cleanup methods like bioremediation, skimming, burning, and reducing plastic and radioactive waste through various recycling and disposal methods.
The document discusses the composition of seawater. It notes that seawater is composed primarily of sodium and chloride ions. Other major ions include magnesium, sulfate, and bicarbonate. Seawater also contains minor and trace elements. Gases like nitrogen, oxygen, carbon dioxide, and argon are dissolved in seawater through diffusion and wave action. Salinity measures the dissolved solids in seawater and averages around 35,000 parts per million. Temperature and salinity influence seawater density, with higher salinity and lower temperatures resulting in higher density. The pH of seawater ranges from 7.5 to 8.4. Turbidity is caused by particles that reduce water clarity. Composition
Techniques of fisheries management sudipKoushik Das
The document discusses various techniques of fisheries management, including conventional, developmental, and regulatory techniques. Conventional techniques historically focused on biological aspects and conservation, while modern fisheries management takes a wider approach. Developmental techniques involve creating master plans to develop sectors like marine fishing, aquaculture, and marketing over multiple years. Regulatory techniques use blanket controls like limiting fishing effort and catch quotas, as well as selective controls like protected areas and size limits, to regulate the catching, processing, and marketing branches of the fisheries industry.
This document discusses various types of water pollutants including pathogens from sewage, organic waste from industrial and agricultural runoff, chemical pollutants from industry and mining, excess sediments, and excess nutrients that can cause eutrophication. It provides examples of point source pollution from factories and non-point source pollution from agricultural runoff and urban areas. Prevention methods include reducing water usage, proper disposal of household chemicals, minimizing fertilizer and pesticide use, and cleaning up litter.
This document defines marine pollution and discusses its causes and impacts. It states that marine pollution is the introduction of contaminants into aquatic environments that harms ecosystems or organisms. The main causes of marine pollution discussed are direct discharge of waste, runoff, ship pollution, atmospheric deposition, and deep sea mining. Major impacts include eutrophication, toxicity, and effects on sea creatures like death from ingestion of plastics. Prevention techniques mentioned include following anti-pollution acts and not littering to prevent trash from entering waterways.
This document discusses different types of pollution, including marine pollution. It defines marine pollution as the introduction of substances or energy into the marine environment by human activities that can harm the environment. The document outlines various types of marine pollutants like sediment, chemicals, oil, and sewage. It notes that 80% of non-biological marine pollution comes from land-based activities like industries discharging waste into oceans. Marine pollution impacts ocean ecosystems and public health while also reducing economic activities like fisheries and tourism. The best approach to address marine pollution is prevention through changes in human behavior rather than more costly after-the-fact remediation efforts.
This document provides an overview of marine pollution presented in a seminar. It discusses various sources of marine pollution including direct discharge of industrial and urban waste, land runoff carrying pollutants, sewage, pesticides, metallic wastes, ship pollution, atmospheric deposition, and deep sea mining. It also examines different types of marine pollution such as eutrophication, oil spills, radioactive pollution, thermal pollution, and plastic debris. The conclusion emphasizes that marine pollution occurs when chemicals, particles, waste, or invasive species enter the oceans and have harmful effects, disrupting marine food webs and environments.
Marine protected area Marine protected areas (MPA) are protected areas of seas, oceans, estuaries or in the US, the Great Lakes .[2] These marine areas can come in many forms ranging from wildlife refuges to research facilities.[3] MPAs restrict human activity for a conservation purpose, typically to protect natural or cultural resources.[4] Such marine resources are protected by local, state, territorial, native, regional, national, or international authorities and differ substantially among and between nations. This variation includes different limitations on development, fishing practices, fishing seasons and catch limits, moorings and bans on removing or disrupting marine life. In some situations (such as with the Phoenix Islands Protected Area), MPAs also provide revenue for countries, potentially equal to the income that they would have if they were to grant companies permissions to fish.[5]
On 28 October 2016 in Hobart, Australia, the Convention for the Conservation of Antarctic Marine Living Resources agreed to establish the first Antarctic and largest marine protected area in the world encompassing 1.55 million km2 (600,000 sq mi) in the Ross Sea.[6] Other large MPAs are in the Indian, Pacific, and Atlantic Oceans, in certain exclusive economic zones of Australia and overseas territories of France, the United Kingdom and the United States, with major (990,000 square kilometres (380,000 sq mi) or larger) new or expanded MPAs by these nations since 2012—such as Natural Park of the Coral Sea, Pacific Remote Islands Marine National Monument, Coral Sea Commonwealth Marine Reserve and South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands Marine Protected Area. When counted with MPAs of all sizes from many other countries, as of August 2016 there are more than 13,650 MPAs, encompassing 2.07% of the world's oceans, with half of that area – encompassing 1.03% of the world's oceans – receiving complete "no-take" designation.[7]
The study of physical oceanography helps in understanding all these aspects in detail. Let us see most of these factors and processes in our future modules. Mathematical models of all these processes are also developed using these phenomena and mechanisms. The individual aspects of all the elements of physical oceanography are to be studied in detail.
This document discusses the important physical, chemical, and biological properties for successful fish pond culture. It covers factors like temperature, depth, turbidity, light, dissolved oxygen, pH, carbon dioxide, hardness, alkalinity, ammonia, phosphorus, and dissolved solids. Maintaining optimal ranges for these various properties can ensure high fish productivity, prevent disease outbreaks, and support healthy aquatic ecosystems in the pond. The document emphasizes how closely managing water quality, food production, and fish health are interlinked for sustainable aquaculture.
The water contamination is a widely common problem relating to the field of environmental and water resource engineering. It requires very sophisticated techniques to prevent the occurrence of contamination in ground or shallow water resources by all available prevention methods. This research discusses the different sources of ground water contamination and the effects of contaminated water on the health and environment. In addition to some details about the protection methods to keep water usable and finally recommendations and conclusion.
The Physical Oceanography is an essential part of the study in oceanography. It is the study of physical conditions and physical processes within the ocean, especially the motions and physical properties of ocean waters.
The document summarizes an oil spill that occurred in Ennore, India in January 2017. A collision between two ships caused 200 tons of heavy furnace oil to spill into the sea, polluting beaches and harming marine life. Local fishermen could no longer fish, affecting their livelihoods. Volunteers helped with cleanup efforts but faced health issues from exposure to the toxic oil. The spill impacted the environment, marine life, local economies and public health. An investigation found deficiencies in the initial emergency response, including delayed actions, inadequate resources, and unprotected volunteers performing cleanup.
presentation was provided by Prof W.U Chandrasekara
Department of Zoology and Environmental Management
For Coastal and Marine resource management course
- Square mesh codends can help reduce bycatch compared to traditional diamond mesh codends. Square mesh retains its shape as the codend fills, leaving openings for small fish to escape. Studies show square mesh codends of 55-60mm reduced bycatch by 22-33% and juveniles by up to 95% compared to 100mm diamond mesh.
- Another bycatch reduction method is using a square mesh window in the top of the codend or trawl body. As fish pass through the trawl they orient towards the device and can escape through the square openings.
- Bycatch reduction devices like Dan Watson's design of escape rings fitted along trawl nets can also make trawling more sustainable by allowing non
The document discusses different methods of coastal management used to reduce erosion and protect coastlines. Hard engineering options like sea walls, groynes, and revetments aim to reduce erosion but are expensive and can damage the environment. Soft engineering options like beach nourishment, managed retreat, and beach reshaping are often more sustainable and cost-effective but provide only temporary protection. The document provides details on each method, including how they work, advantages, and disadvantages.
The document discusses the marine environment, which covers over 70% of the planet and contains 97% of the earth's water. It notes that marine ecosystems hold 80% of all life on the planet and lists species diversity in the Philippines, including over 800 coral species. The marine environment is important for producing oxygen, moderating climate, and providing food and livelihoods. However, it faces threats such as pollution, overfishing, and climate change, negatively impacting species like turtles, sharks, and seahorses. The document encourages learning about and protecting the ocean.
selection criteria for aquaculture engenerring As Siyam
The document discusses site assessment and selection criteria for aquaculture engineering projects. It outlines various physical, chemical, biological, and engineering factors that should be considered when selecting a project site. Key criteria include meteorological and hydrological conditions, soil type and quality, water quality parameters, characteristics of the culture species, availability of infrastructure like electricity, workshops, pumps, and aeration facilities. The site also needs to consider factors like accessibility, availability of materials, labor, transportation, and proximity to markets.
Almost all natural bodies of water bear fish life, the exceptions being very hot thermal ponds and extremely salt-alkaline lakes such as the Dead Sea and Great Salt Lake. The fishes belong to the most numerous and diversified group among vertebrates. They dominate the water bodies of the world through a variety of morphological, physiological and behavioral adaptations. They have been in existence for more than 450 million years. A total of 24618 species of fishes belonging to 482 families and 4258 genera have so far been described. About 58% of the fish species are marine while 41% are freshwater inhabitants and 1% migrants. In our Indian region alone, there are 2,500 species of which 930 are inhabitants of freshwater and the rest live in the seas. In other words, India harbours 11.5% of the fish fauna so far known in the world. There are over 800 living species of sharks and rays, 30 species of chimaeras and ratfishes, 6 species of lung fishes, 1 species of coelacanths, 36 species of long ray finned bichirs, sturgeons and paddlefishes. The Neopterygii are the rest of the known species of modem fishes. All these fishes inhabit various niches in the aquatic environment. The diversified habitats of fishes include open oceans, deep oceanic trenches, nearshore waters, saline coastal embayments, brackishwaters, estuaries, intermittent streams, tiny desert springs, vernal pools, cold mountain streams, lakes, ponds, etc.
The document discusses the causes and effects of marine pollution. It outlines several major sources of marine pollution including land-based runoff from agriculture and development, shipping activities, disposal of plastic waste, and offshore oil drilling. These pollution sources introduce excess nutrients, sediments, toxic chemicals, and invasive species into oceans. This causes problems like algal blooms, dead zones, entanglement and ingestion of plastic by wildlife, contamination of seafood, and damage to coral reefs. Climate change is also exacerbating issues like ocean acidification that threaten marine ecosystems.
The document discusses various types of marine pollution including plastic debris, oil pollution, eutrophication, acidification, thermal pollution, radioactive pollution, and underwater noise pollution. It outlines the sources, impacts and solutions for each type of pollution. The sources discussed include land-based sources like agricultural and municipal runoff, ocean dumping, oil spills, and deep sea mining. The impacts covered are effects on marine life, human health, marine activities, and water quality. Solutions proposed are prevention through regulations, cleanup methods like bioremediation, skimming, burning, and reducing plastic and radioactive waste through various recycling and disposal methods.
The .ppt provides slides representing :
1. How Marine pollution changed the beauty of world.
\n
2. Causes & Effects of :
a.Toxic Ocean Pollutants.
b.Marine Garbage.
c.Sewage Disposal in Ocean.
d.Non-Point Pollutants.
3.Origin.
4.Conventions to prevent it.
5.Various prevention measures:
a.Green infrastructure approach.
b.Septic tank.
c.Dissolved air flotation.
d.Urban runoff.
6.Conclusion.
Regards to all.
Marine pollution is defined as the introduction of substances or energy into the marine environment by human activity that has harmful effects. There are many types of marine pollutants including oil, heavy metals, solid waste, sewage, and invasive species. Major sources of pollution are land-based activities, atmospheric deposition, and maritime transport. Pollution has wide-ranging negative impacts on ecosystem health, public health, water quality, and coastal economies. International agreements aim to prevent marine pollution and reduce its costly impacts.
Marine pollution can be defined as the introduction of substances to the marine environment by man resulting in adverse effects such as hazards to human health, obstruction of marine activities and lowering the quality of sea water. Sources of marine pollution include direct discharge of municipal waste and sewage, agricultural runoff containing pesticides and fertilizers, petroleum and oils washed from roads, ship accidents and spills, offshore oil exploration and extraction, and deep sea mining which can damage benthic habitats and organisms. Effects of marine pollution include eutrophication, red tides killing marine species, oil slicks damaging salt marshes and mangrove swamps, and tainting of seafood reducing its market value.
Marine pollution occurs when harmful substances are discharged into water bodies. Chemicals can accumulate up food chains and cause mutations and disease in marine life and humans. Major sources include point sources like factories and non-point sources like rainfall. Specific types of marine pollution include oil pollution, plastic debris, eutrophication, acidification, and toxins. Several international organizations and laws aim to reduce marine pollution and protect oceans.
An informative and interactive educational experience with a video link and quiz included that teaches students about the effects of plastic pollution in our oceans.
The document provides a lesson plan for teaching students about life under the sea, including the ocean food chain, different marine habitats and animals, and facts about ocean geography. The lesson aims to help students learn to recognize ocean plants and animals, understand the ocean food chain, and acknowledge that sea life is part of the global ecosystem. Materials needed include computers and a movie to enhance the learning experience.
The document discusses various issues caused by ocean pollution. It notes that 80% of ocean debris comes from land sources like littered plastic and oil runoff from roads. This pollution seriously harms wildlife like birds, seals, and whales. Oil spills in particular can suffocate and poison animals, with birds sometimes dying within 24 hours of ingesting oil. The conclusion calls for human actions to reduce pollution and litter in order to protect ocean life.
Marine Pollution
Pollution is the introduction of harmful contaminants that are outside the norm for a given ecosystem.
“The introduction by man, directly, or indirectly, of substances or energy to the marine environment resulting in deleterious effects such as: hazards to human health, hindrance to marine activities, impairment of the quality of seawater for various uses and reduction of amenities.”-UN definition of marine pollution
Common man-made pollutants that reach the ocean include:
pesticides,
herbicides,
chemical fertilizers,
detergents,
oil,
sewage,
plastics,
and other solids.
marine pollution state of indian ocean - CopyShivani Mehta
This document discusses marine pollution in the Indian Ocean. It begins by defining marine pollution and providing statistics on the world's oceans. It then focuses on the Indian Ocean, describing its location and boundaries. The document outlines several major sources of marine pollution in India, including land-based sources like untreated sewage, oil spills, and plastic waste. It also discusses pollution from shipping, such as oil spills and container losses. Other issues covered include eutrophication from agricultural and industrial runoff, acidification from rising CO2 levels, and toxic pollution from pesticides, mercury, and other heavy metals. Examples are given of industries along India's coastline that contribute to pollution. Suggestions to protect the marine environment include
Thermal pollution is the harmful increase in water temperature caused by industrial processes like power plants and sewage systems. Even a small temperature increase of 1-2 degrees Celsius can negatively impact aquatic life. The major sources of thermal pollution are power plants (coal, nuclear, hydroelectric), industrial effluents, domestic sewage, and soil erosion from deforestation. When hot water is discharged from these sources into rivers, lakes, or oceans, it can raise water temperatures and lower dissolved oxygen levels, damaging local ecosystems.
The document summarizes several types of pollution that are negatively impacting the world's oceans. Over 80% of ocean pollution comes from land runoff, with plastic pollution being a significant problem. Marine debris, especially plastic, kills over one million seabirds and 100,000 marine mammals and sea turtles each year. Other issues include oil spills, fertilizer and sewage runoff causing dead zones, and accumulation of toxic chemicals in marine life and seafood.
Plastic is poisoning our oceans and a lot of that plastic comes from plastic beverage bottles. Stop using disposable plastic water bottles and switch to using filtered tap water in reusable water bottles. It's easy to do. It will help save the ocean. It will save you money.
Thermal pollution is defined as the addition of excess heat to water that makes it harmful to aquatic life. Thermal pollution is caused by the discharge of heated water or hot waste material into water bodies from various sources like nuclear power plants, industrial effluents, domestic sewage, hydroelectric power plants, and coal fired power plants. The document discusses the impacts of thermal pollution from these sources and some control measures that can be implemented like cooling towers, cooling ponds, spray ponds, and artificial lakes.
Water pollution occurs when contaminants are released into water sources, degrading water quality for other uses. There are two main types of water pollution: surface water pollution which impacts oceans, rivers and lakes, and groundwater pollution which impacts underground sources. Water pollution can be caused by sewage, industrial waste, marine dumping, and other sources, and has negative effects on the environment, humans, and animals, including toxic water, diseases, and animal deaths. Individual actions like conserving water, proper fertilizer use, and cleanups can help reduce water pollution.
This document provides an overview of ocean ecology, coral reefs, and sea mammals. It discusses several key points:
- Ocean principles including that the ocean covers most of the planet, regulates climate and oxygen levels, and contains diverse ecosystems.
- Coral reefs are fragile underwater ecosystems that are home to vast biodiversity, though they cover less than 1% of ocean area. Reefs are formed over long periods by corals and other organisms.
- Human activities like pollution, development, and climate change threaten coral reefs by increasing ocean temperatures and acidity, which can cause coral bleaching and impact ecosystem health. Protecting these ecosystems requires international cooperation.
The document summarizes several ocean currents in the Pacific Ocean. It describes how surface currents are driven by prevailing winds and form large gyres that rotate clockwise in the north and counterclockwise in the south. In the North Pacific, the surface circulation is dominated by a clockwise-rotating gyre formed by the North Equatorial Current, Kuroshio Current, North Pacific Current, and California Current. In the South Pacific, the surface circulation is dominated by a counterclockwise-rotating gyre formed by the South Equatorial Current, East Australia Current, northern edge of the West Wind Drift, and Peru Current. The document also provides details on several specific currents including the North Equatorial Current, Oy
The document discusses different marine ecosystems including coral reefs, the open ocean, deep sea hydrothermal vents. It provides details on coral reefs such as the organisms found there like corals, anemones, and jellyfish. Corals contain algae called zooxanthellae which provide food through photosynthesis. Coral bleaching occurs when temperatures rise and zooxanthellae leave the corals. The open ocean below 1,000 meters is cold, dark, and high pressure with few scattered organisms. Hydrothermal vents are deep ocean springs where chemosynthetic bacteria use chemicals instead of sunlight to support unique ecosystems.
Este documento descreve as etapas de um projeto de trabalho escolar, incluindo a preparação, realização, apresentação e avaliação. Ele destaca a importância de definir objetivos, dividir tarefas entre os membros do grupo, avaliar o progresso ao longo do tempo e refletir sobre o que foi aprendido no final do projeto.
Marine pollution comes from many sources including land-based activities, oil spills, sewage, heavy metals, plastics, and excess nutrients. It affects marine life through entanglement, ingestion of toxins, habitat destruction, and harm to food sources. While some progress has been made in reducing pollution from certain activities, growing human impacts continue to threaten ocean health through issues such as ocean acidification, invasive species, and noise pollution. Education is key to reducing marine pollution further.
The document discusses various types and sources of marine pollution including land-based sources such as untreated sewage and heavy metals from mining; ocean-based sources such as oil spills, ship waste dumping, and overfishing; and airborne sources such as plastic waste and carbon dioxide emissions. It describes the impacts of pollution such as harm to wildlife from ingestion/entanglement, hypoxia from nutrient runoff, and ocean acidification from rising carbon levels. Solutions mentioned include prevention through education and attitude changes, as well as costly cleanup efforts, but prevention is emphasized as damage may be irreversible.
This document discusses various types of marine pollution including land-based sources, oil spills, sewage, heavy metals, plastics, and noise. It outlines impacts such as damage to marine life from ingesting oil or becoming entangled in plastic. Specific examples of polluted areas are given like the New River in California. Sources of pollution include direct discharge, surface runoff, atmospheric deposition, shipping, and deep sea mining. Mitigation requires efforts to reduce pollution at the source, better waste management, and protection of sensitive coastal and marine habitats.
This document discusses various types of marine pollution including land-based sources, oil spills, sewage, heavy metals, plastics, and noise. It outlines the impacts on marine life such as poisoning, damage to organs, and disrupted communication. Specific examples of polluted areas are provided like the New River in California. The sources of pollution include direct discharge, surface runoff, atmospheric deposition, ship pollution, and deep sea mining. Mitigation requires reducing pollution inputs, better waste management, and protection of sensitive coastal and marine habitats.
This document discusses various sources and types of marine pollution. The main sources of marine pollution include land-based activities such as agricultural and industrial runoff entering rivers and oceans, air pollution, oil spills, shipping activities, mining, and plastic waste. Some key pollutants discussed are nutrients, sediments, pathogens, chemicals, heavy metals, persistent organic pollutants, thermal pollution, noise pollution, and invasive species. The effects of marine pollution include harm to sea life and birds, risks to human health and fisheries/aquaculture industries, eutrophication, hypoxia, and plastic entering the food chain. Control measures discussed focus on containing and cleaning oil spills.
Marine pollution comes from a variety of sources including land-based runoff, oil spills, sewage, heavy metals, and plastics. There are five main types of pollution inputs: direct discharge, runoff, ship pollution, atmospheric deposition, and deep sea mining. Ship pollution includes oil spills and cargo residues while atmospheric pollution includes dust and plastic debris. Deep sea mining disturbs habitats and causes plumes of sediment. Human impacts like eutrophication, acidification, plastic debris, and other toxins threaten marine life. Noise pollution from ships also affects animals, and mitigation requires education and pollution reduction efforts.
Pollution is the introduction of contaminants into the environment that cause harm. Pollutants can be classified as degradable, slowly degradable, or non-degradable. Marine pollution affects ocean life through pollution inputs like direct discharge, runoff, atmospheric deposition, and shipping. Overfishing has depleted fish stocks worldwide due to technological advances enabling overexploitation, with impacts like reduced catches and disruption of marine ecosystems. Solutions include pollution prevention, responsible waste disposal, and sustainable fishing practices.
Toxic chemical pollution in marine waterHanissa Rafee
Short information on toxic chemical that can pollute marine water which also can affect human health and environment.
Credit to the video : U.S MARINE YOUTUBE ACCOUNT
Marine pollution, its impact on marine life and remedial measures against wat...MD. JAKIR HOSEN
Ocean is a source of valuable resources. It impacts a lot on the whole environment of the earth. So a perfect use is very necessary for the ocean. This slide is very effective about marine pollution and its remedial measures.
There are several major threats to marine biodiversity according to the document. These include overexploitation of marine resources through overfishing and recreational fishing, pollution from various sources, habitat destruction through activities like coastal development, and the introduction of invasive species. Climate change is also a growing threat as it can cause rising water temperatures, acidification, and sea level rise. If left unaddressed, these threats will have severe economic, social, and environmental consequences.
Marine pollution is the introduction by man, directly or indirectly, of substances or energy into the marine environment (including estuaries), resulting in such deleterious effects as: harm to living resources; hazards to human health; hindrance to marine activities including fishing; impairing the quality for use of sea water and reduction of amenities
The seminar document discusses various types of marine pollution including sewage, pesticides, plastics, metals, oil, sediment, heat, radiation, and dredge spoils. It outlines the sources and effects of these pollutants on marine life and humans. Prevention methods include reducing pollutants, removing waste, controlling oil spills, and adopting clean technologies and practices.
This document discusses marine pollution, including its sources and effects. It defines marine pollution as the discharge of waste substances into the sea, harming living resources and human health. Major pollutants include sewage, pesticides, plastics, metallic wastes, oil, sediment plumes from mining, heat, radioactive waste, and dredge spoils. These pollutants can damage ecosystems, kill wildlife, accumulate in food chains, and threaten human health if consumed from contaminated marine life. Prevention requires controlling pollution at sources, cleaning up waste, and raising awareness of the importance of protecting oceans to maintain Earth's chemical and biological balance.
This document discusses marine pollution and its causes and effects. It begins with an introduction noting that while oceans are vital, human activity has degraded marine habitats. It then defines marine pollution and discusses various pollutants like sewage, pesticides, plastics, metals, oil, thermal pollution and their harmful effects. These pollutants accumulate in marine life and enter the human food chain. The document concludes by emphasizing the importance of preventing and controlling marine pollution to protect ocean ecosystems and human health.
This document discusses marine pollution and its causes and effects. It begins with an introduction noting that while oceans are vital, human activity has degraded marine habitats. It then defines marine pollution and discusses various pollutants like sewage, pesticides, plastics, metals, oil, thermal pollution and their harmful effects. These pollutants accumulate in marine life and enter the human food chain. The document concludes by emphasizing the importance of preventing and controlling marine pollution to protect ocean ecosystems and human health.
This document discusses various types of sea water pollution including chemicals, metals, radioactive substances, solid waste, oil, sewage, and agricultural runoff. Major pollutants released into the oceans include billions of tons of ballast water, trillions of gallons of sewage, millions of tons of oil and solid waste. Heavy metals like mercury, lead and copper released from human activities pose serious threats as they accumulate in the food chain. Pollution has severe negative effects on marine life and ecosystems as well as public health. Prevention of pollution through changes in human attitudes and behaviors is important since the impacts of pollution on the environment can be long-lasting and irreversible.
The document discusses various sources of marine pollution including direct discharge of waste, land runoff, ship pollution, and atmospheric pollution. It describes different types of pollution such as acidification from increased carbon dioxide levels, eutrophication from excess nutrients, plastic debris accumulation in oceans, and toxins that do not break down rapidly. Deep sea mining is also addressed as a potential source of disturbance. The seminar highlights how these various forms of pollution negatively impact marine environments and organisms.
This document discusses various types of marine pollution including sewage, pesticides, plastics, metals, oil, sediment plumes, heat, radioactive waste, and dredge spoil. It explains the sources and effects of each pollutant. Methods for preventing and controlling marine pollution are also outlined, such as stabilization of ecosystems, removal of pollutants, oil skimming, and adoption of proper mining techniques. The conclusion emphasizes that oceans cover most of the earth's surface and play an important role in life, so it is necessary to protect marine waters from pollutants.
Coral reef Threats, conservation and Restoration.pptxVIRENDRA KUMAR
Coral reefs are some of the most diverse ecosystems in the world. About 25% of the ocean's fish depend on healthy coral reefs. Unfortunately, coral reef ecosystems are severely threatened. Some threats are natural, such as diseases, predators, and storms. Other threats are caused by people, including pollution, sedimentation, unsustainable fishing practices, and climate change, which is raising ocean temperatures and causing ocean acidification. Saving and restoring the world's coral reefs requires a multi-pronged approach that ranges from the local to the global level.
This document discusses ocean pollution, its sources, impacts, and potential solutions. It notes that pollution comes from both point sources like oil spills as well as non-point sources such as agricultural and urban runoff. Common pollutants include plastic, chemicals, and sewage. These pollutants can harm ocean life and accumulate up the food chain. They often accumulate in garbage patches formed by ocean gyres. Solutions proposed include regulations on industry and banning direct dumping, as well as reducing plastic use and improving waste management.
For the full video of this presentation, please visit: https://www.edge-ai-vision.com/2024/06/building-and-scaling-ai-applications-with-the-nx-ai-manager-a-presentation-from-network-optix/
Robin van Emden, Senior Director of Data Science at Network Optix, presents the “Building and Scaling AI Applications with the Nx AI Manager,” tutorial at the May 2024 Embedded Vision Summit.
In this presentation, van Emden covers the basics of scaling edge AI solutions using the Nx tool kit. He emphasizes the process of developing AI models and deploying them globally. He also showcases the conversion of AI models and the creation of effective edge AI pipelines, with a focus on pre-processing, model conversion, selecting the appropriate inference engine for the target hardware and post-processing.
van Emden shows how Nx can simplify the developer’s life and facilitate a rapid transition from concept to production-ready applications.He provides valuable insights into developing scalable and efficient edge AI solutions, with a strong focus on practical implementation.
Main news related to the CCS TSI 2023 (2023/1695)Jakub Marek
An English 🇬🇧 translation of a presentation to the speech I gave about the main changes brought by CCS TSI 2023 at the biggest Czech conference on Communications and signalling systems on Railways, which was held in Clarion Hotel Olomouc from 7th to 9th November 2023 (konferenceszt.cz). Attended by around 500 participants and 200 on-line followers.
The original Czech 🇨🇿 version of the presentation can be found here: https://www.slideshare.net/slideshow/hlavni-novinky-souvisejici-s-ccs-tsi-2023-2023-1695/269688092 .
The videorecording (in Czech) from the presentation is available here: https://youtu.be/WzjJWm4IyPk?si=SImb06tuXGb30BEH .
Programming Foundation Models with DSPy - Meetup SlidesZilliz
Prompting language models is hard, while programming language models is easy. In this talk, I will discuss the state-of-the-art framework DSPy for programming foundation models with its powerful optimizers and runtime constraint system.
Project Management Semester Long Project - Acuityjpupo2018
Acuity is an innovative learning app designed to transform the way you engage with knowledge. Powered by AI technology, Acuity takes complex topics and distills them into concise, interactive summaries that are easy to read & understand. Whether you're exploring the depths of quantum mechanics or seeking insight into historical events, Acuity provides the key information you need without the burden of lengthy texts.
Skybuffer SAM4U tool for SAP license adoptionTatiana Kojar
Manage and optimize your license adoption and consumption with SAM4U, an SAP free customer software asset management tool.
SAM4U, an SAP complimentary software asset management tool for customers, delivers a detailed and well-structured overview of license inventory and usage with a user-friendly interface. We offer a hosted, cost-effective, and performance-optimized SAM4U setup in the Skybuffer Cloud environment. You retain ownership of the system and data, while we manage the ABAP 7.58 infrastructure, ensuring fixed Total Cost of Ownership (TCO) and exceptional services through the SAP Fiori interface.
Ocean lotus Threat actors project by John Sitima 2024 (1).pptxSitimaJohn
Ocean Lotus cyber threat actors represent a sophisticated, persistent, and politically motivated group that poses a significant risk to organizations and individuals in the Southeast Asian region. Their continuous evolution and adaptability underscore the need for robust cybersecurity measures and international cooperation to identify and mitigate the threats posed by such advanced persistent threat groups.
Best 20 SEO Techniques To Improve Website Visibility In SERPPixlogix Infotech
Boost your website's visibility with proven SEO techniques! Our latest blog dives into essential strategies to enhance your online presence, increase traffic, and rank higher on search engines. From keyword optimization to quality content creation, learn how to make your site stand out in the crowded digital landscape. Discover actionable tips and expert insights to elevate your SEO game.
Taking AI to the Next Level in Manufacturing.pdfssuserfac0301
Read Taking AI to the Next Level in Manufacturing to gain insights on AI adoption in the manufacturing industry, such as:
1. How quickly AI is being implemented in manufacturing.
2. Which barriers stand in the way of AI adoption.
3. How data quality and governance form the backbone of AI.
4. Organizational processes and structures that may inhibit effective AI adoption.
6. Ideas and approaches to help build your organization's AI strategy.
Introduction of Cybersecurity with OSS at Code Europe 2024Hiroshi SHIBATA
I develop the Ruby programming language, RubyGems, and Bundler, which are package managers for Ruby. Today, I will introduce how to enhance the security of your application using open-source software (OSS) examples from Ruby and RubyGems.
The first topic is CVE (Common Vulnerabilities and Exposures). I have published CVEs many times. But what exactly is a CVE? I'll provide a basic understanding of CVEs and explain how to detect and handle vulnerabilities in OSS.
Next, let's discuss package managers. Package managers play a critical role in the OSS ecosystem. I'll explain how to manage library dependencies in your application.
I'll share insights into how the Ruby and RubyGems core team works to keep our ecosystem safe. By the end of this talk, you'll have a better understanding of how to safeguard your code.
Driving Business Innovation: Latest Generative AI Advancements & Success StorySafe Software
Are you ready to revolutionize how you handle data? Join us for a webinar where we’ll bring you up to speed with the latest advancements in Generative AI technology and discover how leveraging FME with tools from giants like Google Gemini, Amazon, and Microsoft OpenAI can supercharge your workflow efficiency.
During the hour, we’ll take you through:
Guest Speaker Segment with Hannah Barrington: Dive into the world of dynamic real estate marketing with Hannah, the Marketing Manager at Workspace Group. Hear firsthand how their team generates engaging descriptions for thousands of office units by integrating diverse data sources—from PDF floorplans to web pages—using FME transformers, like OpenAIVisionConnector and AnthropicVisionConnector. This use case will show you how GenAI can streamline content creation for marketing across the board.
Ollama Use Case: Learn how Scenario Specialist Dmitri Bagh has utilized Ollama within FME to input data, create custom models, and enhance security protocols. This segment will include demos to illustrate the full capabilities of FME in AI-driven processes.
Custom AI Models: Discover how to leverage FME to build personalized AI models using your data. Whether it’s populating a model with local data for added security or integrating public AI tools, find out how FME facilitates a versatile and secure approach to AI.
We’ll wrap up with a live Q&A session where you can engage with our experts on your specific use cases, and learn more about optimizing your data workflows with AI.
This webinar is ideal for professionals seeking to harness the power of AI within their data management systems while ensuring high levels of customization and security. Whether you're a novice or an expert, gain actionable insights and strategies to elevate your data processes. Join us to see how FME and AI can revolutionize how you work with data!
In the rapidly evolving landscape of technologies, XML continues to play a vital role in structuring, storing, and transporting data across diverse systems. The recent advancements in artificial intelligence (AI) present new methodologies for enhancing XML development workflows, introducing efficiency, automation, and intelligent capabilities. This presentation will outline the scope and perspective of utilizing AI in XML development. The potential benefits and the possible pitfalls will be highlighted, providing a balanced view of the subject.
We will explore the capabilities of AI in understanding XML markup languages and autonomously creating structured XML content. Additionally, we will examine the capacity of AI to enrich plain text with appropriate XML markup. Practical examples and methodological guidelines will be provided to elucidate how AI can be effectively prompted to interpret and generate accurate XML markup.
Further emphasis will be placed on the role of AI in developing XSLT, or schemas such as XSD and Schematron. We will address the techniques and strategies adopted to create prompts for generating code, explaining code, or refactoring the code, and the results achieved.
The discussion will extend to how AI can be used to transform XML content. In particular, the focus will be on the use of AI XPath extension functions in XSLT, Schematron, Schematron Quick Fixes, or for XML content refactoring.
The presentation aims to deliver a comprehensive overview of AI usage in XML development, providing attendees with the necessary knowledge to make informed decisions. Whether you’re at the early stages of adopting AI or considering integrating it in advanced XML development, this presentation will cover all levels of expertise.
By highlighting the potential advantages and challenges of integrating AI with XML development tools and languages, the presentation seeks to inspire thoughtful conversation around the future of XML development. We’ll not only delve into the technical aspects of AI-powered XML development but also discuss practical implications and possible future directions.
Webinar: Designing a schema for a Data WarehouseFederico Razzoli
Are you new to data warehouses (DWH)? Do you need to check whether your data warehouse follows the best practices for a good design? In both cases, this webinar is for you.
A data warehouse is a central relational database that contains all measurements about a business or an organisation. This data comes from a variety of heterogeneous data sources, which includes databases of any type that back the applications used by the company, data files exported by some applications, or APIs provided by internal or external services.
But designing a data warehouse correctly is a hard task, which requires gathering information about the business processes that need to be analysed in the first place. These processes must be translated into so-called star schemas, which means, denormalised databases where each table represents a dimension or facts.
We will discuss these topics:
- How to gather information about a business;
- Understanding dictionaries and how to identify business entities;
- Dimensions and facts;
- Setting a table granularity;
- Types of facts;
- Types of dimensions;
- Snowflakes and how to avoid them;
- Expanding existing dimensions and facts.
How to Get CNIC Information System with Paksim Ga.pptxdanishmna97
Pakdata Cf is a groundbreaking system designed to streamline and facilitate access to CNIC information. This innovative platform leverages advanced technology to provide users with efficient and secure access to their CNIC details.
5th LF Energy Power Grid Model Meet-up SlidesDanBrown980551
5th Power Grid Model Meet-up
It is with great pleasure that we extend to you an invitation to the 5th Power Grid Model Meet-up, scheduled for 6th June 2024. This event will adopt a hybrid format, allowing participants to join us either through an online Mircosoft Teams session or in person at TU/e located at Den Dolech 2, Eindhoven, Netherlands. The meet-up will be hosted by Eindhoven University of Technology (TU/e), a research university specializing in engineering science & technology.
Power Grid Model
The global energy transition is placing new and unprecedented demands on Distribution System Operators (DSOs). Alongside upgrades to grid capacity, processes such as digitization, capacity optimization, and congestion management are becoming vital for delivering reliable services.
Power Grid Model is an open source project from Linux Foundation Energy and provides a calculation engine that is increasingly essential for DSOs. It offers a standards-based foundation enabling real-time power systems analysis, simulations of electrical power grids, and sophisticated what-if analysis. In addition, it enables in-depth studies and analysis of the electrical power grid’s behavior and performance. This comprehensive model incorporates essential factors such as power generation capacity, electrical losses, voltage levels, power flows, and system stability.
Power Grid Model is currently being applied in a wide variety of use cases, including grid planning, expansion, reliability, and congestion studies. It can also help in analyzing the impact of renewable energy integration, assessing the effects of disturbances or faults, and developing strategies for grid control and optimization.
What to expect
For the upcoming meetup we are organizing, we have an exciting lineup of activities planned:
-Insightful presentations covering two practical applications of the Power Grid Model.
-An update on the latest advancements in Power Grid -Model technology during the first and second quarters of 2024.
-An interactive brainstorming session to discuss and propose new feature requests.
-An opportunity to connect with fellow Power Grid Model enthusiasts and users.
2. • Marine pollution includes a range of threats including from
land-based sources,
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–
–
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–
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oil spills,
untreated sewage,
heavy siltation,
eutrophication (nutrient enrichment), I
nvasive species,
persistent organic pollutants (POP’s),
heavy metals from mine tailings and other sources,
acidification,
radioactive substances,
marine litter,
overfishing and destruction of coastal and marine habitats
3.
4.
5. • New River in
California: The water
at this point is three
colors: dark green,
white (foam), and
milky brown/green.
The septic stench is
pungent,
• Fecal coliforms and
fecal streptococci
have been
consistently detected
in the New River
•There are three main types of inputs of pollution into the ocean:
•
direct discharge of waste into the oceans,
•
runoff into the waters due to rain, and
•
pollutants that are released from the atmosphere
6. Direct Discharge
•
Acid mine drainage
causes severe
environmental
problems in Rio tinto
river, Spain.
•Pollutants enter rivers and the sea directly from
urban sewerage and industrial waste discharges,
sometimes in the form of hazardous and
toxic wastes.
•Inland mining for copper, gold. etc., is another
source of marine pollution. Most of the pollution is
simply soil, which ends up in rivers flowing to the
sea.
•However, some minerals discharged in the course
of the mining can cause problems, such as copper,
a common industrial pollutant, which can interfere
with the life history and development of coral
polyps.[2]
•Mining has a poor environmental track record. For
example, according to the
United States Environmental Protection Agency,
mining has contaminated portions of the
headwaters of over 40% of watersheds in the
western continental US.[3] Much of this pollution
finishes up in the sea.
7. Surface Run-off
• Surface runoff from farming, as well as urban runoff and
runoff from the construction of roads, buildings, ports,
channels, and harbours, can carry soil and particles laden
with carbon, nitrogen, phosphorus, and minerals. This
nutrient-rich water can cause fleshy algae and
phytoplankton to thrive in coastal areas, known as
algal blooms, which have the potential to create hypoxic
conditions by using all available oxygen
• Polluted runoff from roads and highways can be a
significant source of water pollution in coastal areas. About
75 percent of the toxic chemicals that flow into
Puget Sound are carried by stormwater that runs off paved
roads and driveways, rooftops, yards and other developed
land.[4
8. Ship’s pollution
•
•
•
•
•
Ships can pollute waterways and oceans in many ways.:
Oil spills can have devastating effects. While being toxic to marine life,
polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), the components in crude oil, are
very difficult to clean up, and last for years in the sediment and marine
environment.[5]
Discharge of cargo residues from bulk carriers can pollute ports,
waterways and oceans. In many instances vessels intentionally discharge
illegal wastes despite foreign and domestic regulation prohibiting such
actions.
It has been estimated that container ships lose over 10,000 containers at
sea each year (usually during storms).[6]
Ships also create noise pollution that disturbs natural wildlife
9. •
•
Ballast water taken up at sea and released in port is a
major source of unwanted exotic marine life. The invasive
freshwater zebra mussels, native to the Black, Caspian and
Azov seas, were probably transported to the Great Lakes
via ballast water from a transoceanic vessel
Mnemiopsis leidyi, a species of comb jellyfish that spread
so it now inhabits estuaries in many parts of the world. It
was first introduced in 1982, and thought to have been
transported to the Black Sea in a ship’s ballast water.
–
–
–
•
•
The population of the jellyfish shot up exponentially and, by
1988,
it was wreaking havoc upon the local fishing industry. “The
anchovy catch fell from 204,000 tons in 1984 to 200 tons in
1993; sprat from 24,600 tons in 1984 to 12,000 tons in 1993;
horse mackerel from 4,000 tons in 1984 to zero in 1993.” [7]
Now that the jellyfish have exhausted the zooplankton,
including fish larvae, their numbers have fallen dramatically,
yet they continue to maintain a stranglehold on the
ecosystem.
Invasive species can take over once occupied areas,
facilitate the spread of new diseases, introduce new
genetic material, alter underwater seascapes and
jeopardize the ability of native species to obtain food.
Invasive species are responsible for about $138 billion
annually in lost revenue and management costs in the US
alone.[9]
10. Atmospheric pollution
•Wind blown dust and debris, including plastic bags, are blown
seaward from landfills and other areas.
•Dust from the Sahara moves into the Caribbean and Florida during the
warm season
•Dust can also be attributed to a global transport from the Gobi and
Taklamakan deserts across Korea, Japan, and the Northern Pacific to
the Hawaiian Islands.[11]
•Since 1970, dust outbreaks have worsened due to periods of drought
in Africa.
•The USGS links dust events to a decline in the health of coral reefs
across the Caribbean and Florida
•Climate change is raising ocean temperatures[15] and raising
levels of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere. These rising levels of
carbon dioxide are acidifying the oceans.[16] This, in turn, is altering
aquatic ecosystems and modifying fish distributions,[17] with impacts on
the sustainability of fisheries and the livelihoods of the communities
that depend on them
11. Deep Sea Mining
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Ocean mining sites are usually around large areas of polymetallic nodules or active and
extinct hydrothermal vents at about 1,400 - 3,700 meters below the ocean’s surface.[19] The
vents create sulfide deposits, which contain precious metals such as silver, gold, copper,
manganese, cobalt, and zinc.[20][21]
The deposits are mined using either hydraulic pumps or bucket systems that take ore to the
surface to be processed.
result in disturbances to the benthic layer,
increased toxicity of the water column and
sediment plumes from tailings.[22] Removing parts of the sea floor disturbs the habitat of
benthic organisms, possibly, depending on the type of mining and location, causing
permanent disturbances.[23]
Near bottom plumes occur when the tailings are pumped back down to the mining site. The
floating particles increase the turbidity, or cloudiness, of the water, clogging filter-feeding
apparatuses used by benthic organisms.[25]
Surface plumes cause a more serious problem. Depending on the size of the particles and
water currents the plumes could spread over vast areas.[26][27] The plumes could impact
zooplankton and light penetration, in turn affecting the food web of the area.[28][29]
Aside from direct impact of mining the area, leakage, spills and corrosion would alter the
mining area’s chemical makeup.
14. Eutrophication
• an increase in chemical nutrients,
typically compounds containing
nitrogen or phosphorus, in an
ecosystem. It can result in an
increase in the ecosystem's
primary productivity (excessive plant
growth and decay), and further
effects including lack of oxygen and
severe reductions in water quality,
fish, and other animal populations.
•
The biggest culprit are rivers that
empty into the ocean, and with it
the many chemicals used as
fertilizers in agriculture as well as
waste from livestock and humans.
An excess of oxygen depleting
chemicals in the water can lead to
hypoxia and the creation of a
dead zone.
15. Acidification
•
•
•
•
•
•
The oceans are normally a natural carbon sink, absorbing carbon dioxide from the
atmosphere.
Because the levels of atmospheric carbon dioxide are increasing, the oceans are becoming
more acidic.[31][32]
structures made of calcium carbonate may become vulnerable to dissolution, affecting corals
and the ability of shellfish to form shells.[33].
Oceans and coastal ecosystems have removed about 25% of the carbon dioxide emitted by
human activities between 2000 and 2007 and about half the anthropogenic CO2 released
since the start of the industrial revolution. Rising ocean temperatures and ocean acidification
means that the capacity of the ocean carbon sink will gradually get weaker.
A report from NOAA scientists published in the journal Science in May 2008 found that large
amounts of relatively acidified water are upwelling to within four miles of the Pacific
continental shelf area of North America. This area is a critical zone where most local marine
life lives or is born.[37]
A related issue is the methane clathrate reservoirs found under sediments on the ocean
floors. These trap large amounts of the greenhouse gas methane, which ocean warming has
the potential to release.
16. Plastic Debris
•
•
•
•
•
Eighty percent of marine debris is plastic - a component that has been
rapidly accumulating since the end of World War II. [46] The mass of plastic
in the oceans may be as high as one hundred million metric tons.[47]
Discarded plastic bags, six pack rings and other forms of plastic waste
which finish up in the ocean present dangers to wildlife and fisheries. [48]
Aquatic life can be threatened through entanglement, suffocation, and
ingestion.[49][50][51]
Fishing nets, usually made of plastic, can be left or lost in the ocean by
fishermen. Known as ghost nets, these entangle fish, dolphins, sea turtles,
sharks, dugongs, crocodiles, seabirds, crabs, and other creatures,
restricting movement, causing starvation, laceration and infection, and, in
those that need to return to the surface to breathe, suffocation. [52]
Plastic debris, when bulky or tangled, is difficult to pass, and may become
permanently lodged in the digestive tracts of these animals, blocking the
passage of food and causing death through starvation or infection. [54][55]
17. • Plastics accumulate because they don't biodegrade in the
way many other substances do.
– They will photodegrade on exposure to the sun, but they do so
properly only under dry conditions, and
– water inhibits this process.[56]
– In marine environments, photodegraded plastic disintegrates
into ever smaller pieces while remaining polymers, even down
to the molecular level.
– When floating plastic particles photodegrade down to
zooplankton sizes, jellyfish attempt to consume them, and in
this way the plastic enters the ocean food chain. [57] [58]
– Many of these long-lasting pieces end up in the stomachs of
marine birds and animals,[59] including sea turtles, and
black-footed albatross
18. • Plastic debris tends to accumulate at the centre of ocean gyres. In
particular, the Great Pacific Garbage Patch has a very high level of
plastic particulate suspended in the upper water column.
• In samples taken in 1999, the mass of plastic exceeded that of
zooplankton (the dominant animal life in the area) by a factor of six.
[46][61]
• Midway Atoll, in common with all the Hawaiian Islands, receives
substantial amounts of debris from the garbage patch. Ninety
percent plastic, this debris accumulates on the beaches of Midway
where it becomes a hazard to the bird population of the island.
Midway Atoll is home to two-thirds (1.5 million) of the global
population of Laysan Albatross.[62] Nearly all of these albatross have
plastic in their digestive system[63] and one-third of their chicks die.
19.
20. •
•
•
•
•
Toxic additives used in the manufacture of plastic materials can leach out
into their surroundings when exposed to water.
Waterborne hydrophobic pollutants collect and magnify on the surface of
plastic debris,[47] thus making plastic far more deadly in the ocean than it
would be on land.[46]
Hydrophobic contaminants are also known to bioaccumulate in fatty
tissues, biomagnifying up the food chain and putting pressure on
apex predators.
Some plastic additives are known to disrupt the endocrine system when
consumed, others can suppress the immune system or decrease
reproductive rates.[61]
Floating debris can also absorb persistent organic pollutants from
seawater, including PCBs, DDT and PAHs.[65] Aside from toxic effects,[66]
when ingested some of these are mistaken by the animal brain for
estradiol, causing hormone disruption in the affected wildlife. [60]
21. • Apart from plastics, there are particular problems with
other toxins that do not disintegrate rapidly in the
marine environment.
– Examples of persistent toxins are PCBs, DDT, pesticides,
furans, dioxins, phenols and radioactive waste.
– Heavy metals are metallic chemical elements that have a
relatively high density and are toxic or poisonous at low
concentrations.
• Examples are mercury, lead, nickel, arsenic and cadmium. Such
toxins can accumulate in the tissues of many species of aquatic life
in a process called bioaccumulation.
• They are also known to accumulate in benthic environments, such
as estuaries and bay muds: a geological record of human activities
of the last century.
22. Noise Pollution
•
•
•
•
•
Marine life can be susceptible to noise or sound pollution from sources
such as passing ships, oil exploration seismic surveys, and naval lowfrequency active sonar.
Sound travels more rapidly and over larger distances in the sea than in the
atmosphere.
Marine animals, such as cetaceans, often have weak eyesight, and live in a
world largely defined by acoustic information. This applies also to many
deeper sea fish, who live in a world of darkness.[80]
Between 1950 and 1975, ambient noise in the ocean increased by about
ten decibels (that is a ten-fold increase).[81]
Noise also makes species communicate louder, which is called the
Lombard vocal response.[82] Whale songs are longer when submarinedetectors are on.[83] If creatures don't "speak" loud enough, their voice can
be masked by anthropogenic sounds. These unheard voices might be
warnings, finding of prey, or preparations of net-bubbling. When one
species begins speaking louder, it will mask other specie voices, causing
the whole ecosystem to eventually speak louder.[84
23. Mitigation
• either the human population is reduced, or
• a way is found to reduce the ecological footprint
left behind by the average human.
• The second way is for humans, individually, to
pollute less. That requires social and political will
• the most important strategy for reducing marine
pollution is education
– Awareness
– Research
– Dissemination
24. •
•
•
•
Overall, good progress has been made on reducing Persistent organic
pollutants (POP’s), with the exception of the Arctic.
Oil discharges and spills to the Seas has been reduced by 63% compared
to the mid-1980’ies, and tanker accidents have gone down by 75%, from
tanker operations by 90% and from industrial discharges by some 90%,
partly as a result of the shift to double-hulled tankers
Some progress on reducing emissions of heavy metals is reported in some
regions, while increased emissions are happening in others. Electronic
waste and mine tailings are included amongst the sources of heavy metal
pollution in Southeast Asia.
Sedimentation has decreased in some areas due to reduced river flows as
a result of terrestrial overuse for agricultural irrigation, while increasing in
other regions as a result of coastal development and deforestation along
rivers, water sheds and costal areas, and clearing of mangroves