Marine pollution is the introduction by man, directly or indirectly, of substances or energy into the marine environment (including estuaries), resulting in such deleterious effects as: harm to living resources; hazards to human health; hindrance to marine activities including fishing; impairing the quality for use of sea water and reduction of amenities

1. Coastal Pollution S.MUTHUSAMY M.phil, Applied Geology, Madras University Guindy campus Chennai-25 Presented by, Submitted to: Dr. R.R.KRISHANAMURTHY, READER, Department of Applied Geology, Madras university Guindy Campus Chennai-25

2. The Inter-Governmental Oceanographic Commission, an international agency (within UNESCO) for ocean research and related matters, defines : ‘ marine pollution is the introduction by man, directly or indirectly, of substances or energy into the marine environment (including estuaries), resulting in such deleterious effects as: harm to living resources; hazards to human health; hindrance to marine activities including fishing; impairing the quality for use of sea water and reduction of amenities’. Coastal Pollution?

6. Source of pollution. Pollution sources are classified as point sources or non-point sources by the US Environmental Protection Agency.

9. What is Non-point Source Pollution? Today, non-point source pollution — polluted runoff entering waterways from diffuse land-based activities — is the leading cause of water quality degradation to coastal waters (Pew, 2003). Non-point source pollution includes runoff from agricultural and forestry land, storm water runoff from urban areas and discharges from on-site sewage disposal systems (such as septic tanks). As rain water or snow melt washes over the land, it picks up pollutants (e.g., sediments, nutrients, organic matter, bacteria, oils, metals and other toxic chemicals) and transports them to coastal creeks, rivers, bays and estuaries.

10. Impacts of Non-point Source Pollution Polluted runoff can have both ecological and human health impacts. Increases in polluted runoff have been linked to a loss of aquatic species diversity and abundance, including many important commercial and recreational fish species. Non-point source pollution has also contributed to coral reef degradation, fish kills, sea grass bed declines and algal blooms (including toxic algae). In addition, many shellfish bed and swimming beach closures can be attributed to polluted runoff.

11. Non-point source pollution, or polluted runoff, is the greatest threat to coastal waters. Note the darker, murky water flowing from the developed area at the lower right. The Coastal Non-point Pollution Control Program establishes management measures to address non-point source pollution from a variety of sources, include agricultural activities.

12. Point sources include sewer out-falls, concentrated animal feeding operations, sanitary sewer overflows, storm water, oil spills, industrial discharges; discharge from boats, and dumping of ballast water from ships.

13. Point Sources. This drainage outlet delivering polluted runoff into the Ohio River is a point source of pollution because the pollution originates from a single, identifiable source.

14. The Maltese tanker ERIKA, carrying some 31,000 tonnes of heavy fuel oil as cargo, broke in two in a severe storm in the Bay of Biscay on 11 December 1999, 60 miles from the coast of Brittany. About 20,000 tonnes of oil were spilled. The bow sank on 12 December and the stern on the following day.

15. December 7 2007, South Korea: A 146,000-ton Hong Kong registered supertanker collided with a barge about seven miles off Mallipo beach causing what is said to be South Korea's biggest oil spill in more than a decade

16. In Lake Roosevelt, the biggest source of point source pollution has been from smelter, fertilizer, and pulp operations upstream in Canada. Although these sources were contained in the early 1990s, their waste still remains in Lake Roosevelt’s sediments. Port of Houston, Texas. Researchers recently found unexpectedly high levels of nitryl chloride, a chemical long suspected to be involved in ground-level ozone production, in busy shipping areas along the southeastern coast of the United States

18. Aerial photo of 1999 algae bloom in the James River arm of Table Rock Lake (Missouri DNR photo)

19. Satellite image of a large coccolithophore bloom in the Bering Sea in 1998. Toxic Algae Bloom off Washington

20. People wade through blue-green algae at Qingdao, the host city for sailing events at the 2008 Olympic Games, in eastern China's Shandong province.

21. Red tide is an estuarine or marine algal bloom [a relatively rapid increase in the population of (usually) phytoplankton algae in an aquatic system] and is caused by a species of dinoflagellates, often present in sufficient numbers (thousands or millions of cells per milliliter) to turn the water red or brown.

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