The document summarizes several types of pollution that are negatively impacting the world's oceans. Over 80% of ocean pollution comes from land runoff, with plastic pollution being a significant problem. Marine debris, especially plastic, kills over one million seabirds and 100,000 marine mammals and sea turtles each year. Other issues include oil spills, fertilizer and sewage runoff causing dead zones, and accumulation of toxic chemicals in marine life and seafood.

2. Facts on Ocean Pollution
Over 80% of the pollution in
the ocean is runoff from the
Land
Almost 90% of all floating
materials in the ocean are
plastic
Marine debris, especially
plastic, kills more than one
million seabirds and 100,000
mammals and sea turtles every
year
Dead Zones which are areas of
oxygen deficient water were life
ceases to exist, have increased
drastically over the past decade.

3. Polluted by toxins
Polluted by garbage

4. Types Of Pollution
Oil Spills Fertilizers
Sewage Pipes Chemicals

5. Garbage Oceans
Plastic in Oceans

6. Oil Spills
Oil spills have huge and immediate economic, social, and environmental
impacts.
Local people lose their livelihoods as fisheries and tourism areas are
temporarily closed; the clean up costs are enormous; and tens of thousands of
marine animals and plants are killed or harmed.
And the damage goes on. The chemicals used to break up the oil can be toxic,
and it's impossible to remove all the spilled oil. Even after an area has been
cleaned up, it can take a decade or more to fully recover.
There's also the problem of the oil that goes down with the ship, which can
contaminate the seabed and marine organisms.
This oil can also resurface. In 2001, a cyclone off the island of Yap in
Micronesia disturbed the oil tanker USS Mississinewa, which was sunk during
World War II. For two months, thousands of liters of oil and gasoline leaked
out of the rusted ship wreck onto the beaches of the atoll, stopping the 700
islanders from fishing. There are hundreds of other shipwrecked tankers
around the world.

7. Information on Oil Spills
http://seawifs.gsfc.nasa.gov/OCEAN_PLANET/HTML/per
http://www.noaawatch.gov/themes/oilspill.php
http://ocean.si.edu/gulf-oil-spill

8. Fertilizers
Fertilizers that runoff from farms and lawns is a
huge problem for coastal areas. The extra nutrients
cause Eutrophication.
The run off kills the Algae which depletes the water's
dissolved oxygen and suffocate other marine life.
 Eutrophication is the addition of artificial or natural
substances, such as nitrates and phosphates,
through fertilizers or sewage, to an aquatic system.
Eutrophication has created enormous dead zones in
several parts of the world, including the Gulf of
Mexico and the Baltic Sea

9. Information on Fertilizers
http://www.organicconsumers.org/corp/oceans101104.cfm
http://www.scientificamerican.com/article.cfm?id=oceanic
http://pubs.acs.org/cen/science/86/8613sci1.html

10. Sewage
Pipes
In many parts of the world,
sewage flows untreated, or
under-treated, into the ocean.
For example, 80% of urban
sewage discharged into
the Mediterranean Sea is
untreated.
This sewage can also lead to
eutrophication. In addition, it
can cause human disease and
lead to beach closures.
Back to Polluted by toxins

11. Outside information on Sewage Pipes
http://articles.sun-sentinel.com/2010-11-01/health/fl-waste
http://www.nytimes.com/1994/05/04/us/sewage-pipe-bur
http://www.reuters.com/article/2008/04/23/us-usa-florida

12. Chemicals accumulate in organisms, becoming
concentrated in their bodies and in the
surrounding water or soil. These animals are in
turn eaten by larger animals, which can travel
large distances with an increased chemical load.
People become contaminated either directly from
household products or by eating contaminated
seafood and animal fats.
Evidence is mounting that a number of man-
made chemicals can cause serious health
problems - including cancer, damage to the
immune system, behavioral problems, and
reduced fertility.
Chemicals

13. Information on Chemical Toxins
http://www.seaweb.org/resources/briefings/toxic.php
http://seawifs.gsfc.nasa.gov/OCEAN_PLANET/HTML/per
http://www.cleanoceanaction.org/index.php?id=117
http://org2.democracyinaction.org/o/6122/p/dia/action/pu

14. Garbage Dump
There are several garbage oceans
across the world but the biggest as
large as the size of Texas is the
Great Pacific Garbage Dump.
These Dumps Can be dangerous
to out animal wildlife and
eventually effect our fish that we
would eat in that area.

15. Information on Garbage Dump
http://science.howstuffworks.com/environmental/ear
th/oceanography/great-pacific-garbage-patch.htm
http://discovermagazine.com/2008/jul/10-the-
worlds-largest-dump
http://www.ecology.com/2008/08/14/pacific-plastic-
waste-dump/

16. Plastic
Unlike most other trash, plastic
isn't biodegradable Sunlight does
eventually break down the plastic,
reducing it to smaller and smaller
pieces, but that just makes matters
worse. The plastic still never goes
away, it just becomes microscopic and
may be eaten by tiny marine organisms,
entering the food chain.
The world produced 300 billion pounds
of plastic each year, about 10% ends up
in the ocean, 70% of which eventually
sinks

17. Outside information on Plastic
http://www.savemyoceans.com/plastics.php
http://www.plasticoceans.net/
http://www.whoi.edu/science/B/people/kamaral/plas
ticsarticle.html
http://www.seeturtles.org/1128/ocean-plastic.html