The document describes a proposed manhole monitoring system project that uses sensors and IoT technologies to monitor manholes in real-time. It aims to detect issues like accumulated sludge, drainage blockages, water levels, hazardous gas levels, and loss of manhole lids. The system will use sensors to collect data and send alerts to authorities via GSM if thresholds are exceeded. It will also apply machine learning to build predictive models for issues like gas formation.

1. Manhole Monitoring System
DEPARTMENT OF COMPUTER ENGINEERING

2. Index
1. Project Introduction
2. Motivation
3. Literature Survey
4. Problem Definition/ Project Title
5. Objectives
6. Existing System
7. Proposed System
8. Architecture Diagram
9. Software Requirements
10. Hardware Requirements
11. Project Modules
12. Algorithm Required With
Complexity

3. 13. Project Entity Relationship
Diagram (E-R)
14. Project Data Flow Diagram
15. Functional & Non Functional
Requirement (SRS)
16. Project Risk & Risk Prioritization
17. Mathematical Model
18. NP Theory
19. Use Case Diagram-Identification of
Stakeholder
20. Project UML Diagrams (Activity,
Class, Sequence, Component,
Deployment)
21. Project Applications
22. Future Scope
23. Conclusion
24. References

4. 1.Project Introduction
● Smart city implementation needs “Smart Drainage Monitoring System” to avoid
problem of slow and manual drainage management.
● Manhole monitoring system is an IoT based real time system which alerts the web
portal through GSM(for alert message) and GPS(for location of manhole) when any
manhole crosses its threshold values.
● This will be done using designed sludge sensor ,gas sensors ,tilt sensor ,water level
sensor whereas prediction will be done using ML algorithms.

5. 2. Motivation
● Manholes are brutal environments often have very little space to move around and
accidents can quickly lead to death.
● For example, one of the biggest threats in a drain is noxious gases and vapours. Once
they begin to leak from, say, a damaged pipe, their concentration can build quickly,
making the air unbreathable.
● Also there could be open or displaced or breakage of manhole lids. Open manhole
and blockage in it may cause overflow.
● So having a system that alerts these parameters at appropriate time is necessary.

6. 3.Literature Survey
S.N. Title of Paper Journal/Confere
nce Name/Year
of publication
Author Names Summary of Paper (
algorithm/methodology used, results
obtained etc..)
1 Smart Real-Time
Drainage Monitoring
System Using Internet
of Things
IRE Journals Gaurang Sonawane
Chetan Mahajan, Anuja
Nikale, Yogita Dalvi,
The system will monitor if
● blockage occurs in between two manholes.
● It will sense the rise in amount of various
gases
2 IOT based Manhole
Detection and
Monitoring System
International Journal
for Research in
Applied Science &
Engineering
Technology
(IJRASET)
Memane Abhishek
Ganpat, Aher Omkar
Ganpat Bansoe, Sumit
Shivaji
The essential component of this system is:
● Low-power IoT-based portable gadget that
is mounted below the manhole cover.
3 Detection and get rid of
blockage in a manhole
pipe using IoT
IEEE Y K Priyanka; M
Gowtham; C
Yashashwini
In this System,
● By detecting the length of the pipe using an
ultrasonic sensor till where the sludge is
struck.
● With the help of capturing images of sludge 6

7. 3.Literature Survey
S.N. Title of Paper Journal/Conf
erence
Name/Year
of
publication
Author Names Summary of Paper (
algorithm/methodology used,
results obtained etc..)
4 IoT based Manhole
Detection and
Monitoring System
IEEE Varun Krishna Nallamothu,
Saahith Medidi,
Swetha Priyanka Jannu
● In this paper, an IoT based
manhole system that monitors
temperature, gases, water level is
created.
● This research work is used as
accident avoidance by saving
lives of the people.
5 An IoT Based
Proposed System for
Monitoring Manhole
in Context of
Bangladesh
IEEE Saadnoor Salehin
Syeda Sabrina, Akter,
Anika Ibnat,
Tasmiah Tamzid, Anannya,
Nurun Nahar Liya,
Manisha Paramita,
Md Mahboob, Karim
This paper presents an intelligent
automatic manhole monitoring system.
● Detects harmful chemicals and
toxic gases inside the manhole,
● Absence of the lid of the manhole
● Generates an alarm to the
passersby in that situation, alerts
the authority about the system

8. 4.Problem Definition
● Maintenance of manholes manually is tedious and dangerous due to the poor
environmental conditions inside so, the main focus of this project is to provide a
system which monitors water level, waterflow and toxic gases which is sensed by the
sensors and message is sent to the municipal.
● Furthermore machine learning algorithms will be applied for prediction of toxic gas
formation,blockages.

9. 5.Objectives
● To design a sensor which senses accumulated sludge based on capacitance
● To detect drainage flow, water level and blockages in the drainage
● To detect loss or damage of the lid of sewerage manhole
● To sense the hazardous gases and updating it in real time through IoT
● To create a best predictive model by comparing different machine learning algorithms
using sensor data

10. 6.Existing System
● Open or displaced or breakage of manhole lids
● Causes overflow and flood which further may spread diseases
● No proper maintenance due to manual entering of the data in the registers or systems
● One of the reasons of poor drainage occurs when contractors remove topsoil during
construction of new homes, leaving only subsoil. This leads to mixing of groundwater
and drainage water which also may spread the diseases .

11. 7.Proposed System
● The manhole is monitored by sensors and data is automatically updated on a remote
server.
● The proposed system aims to create the best predictive model which monitors and
predicts the water level & formation of toxic gases like methane and CO .
● When the various sensors hit the threshold level, it will send the signal and location
of the manhole to the municipal corporation through alert and the officials could
easily locate which manhole is having the problem and could take appropriate steps.

12. 8.Architecture Diagram

13. GSM
ESP8266 Project Setup
Designing of the
Sensor

14. Water level sensor
Beacon sensor
GSM

15. 9.Software Requirements
The Manhole Monitoring System requires Python to be installed on the system, more
specifically Python version 3.10 for its latest release.Embedded c is also required to
integrate iot devices with software. System can be connected with a cloud-based database
to import data generated by sensors.
10.Hardware Requirements
The hardware requirements of Manhole Monitoring System are CPU ,water level sensor,
GSM module(QUECTEL UC15-T) ,microcontroller, gas sensor(MQ-2), tilt sensor,
rechargeable Li-ion polymer battery ,capacitors ,jumper wires ,breadboard ,LCR,ESP8266.

16. 11.Project Modules
1.Designing a sludge sensor
2.Detection of accumulated sludge by sensor
3.Detection of level of water and blockage
4.Detection of methane and CO level

17. 13.Project Entity Relationship Diagram (E-R)

18. 14. Project Data Flow Diagram 0
Water Level Detection
Sludge(Blockage) Detection
Lid loss or damage Detection
Methane and CO gas Detection &
Prediction

19. Project Data Flow Diagram 1

20. Project Data Flow Diagram 2

21. Sequence Diagram

22. 21. Project Applications
● The MNC officials can easily locate which manhole is having the problem and can
take appropriate steps.
● Using the Internet of Things, many metrics including blockage, poisonous gases,
flow, and water level are tracked and updated online. This makes it possible for the
person in authority to act accordingly.
● This system reduces the death risk of workers who clean the underground drainage
and also benefits the public by prediction of decided threshold values.

23. 22.Future Scope
● In future we may detect gases other than CO, Methane.
e.g:Gases leaked from pipeline
● We may use image processing to detect different objects in the sludge
● We may add Temperature sensor to detect change in the temperature.
● We can customise the system according to the location requirement.

24. 23.Conclusion
Thus this project provides a real time solution to monitor the underground drainage
system.The Internet of Things monitors and updates multiple factors, including the
detection of obstacles, harmful gases, beacon damage and water level.
This makes it possible for the person in authority to act accordingly. In this approach,
unnecessary excursions to the manholes can be avoided. Additionally, real-time
predictions assist in avoiding risks.

25. 24.References
● Gaurang Sonawane Chetan Mahajan, Anuja Nikale, Yogita Dalvi,”Smart Real-Time Drainage Monitoring
System Using Internet of Things”, MAY 2018 ,IRE Journals Volume 1 Issue 11 ISSN: 2456-8880
● Muragesh SK1 and Santhosha Rao2, “Automated Internet of Things for Underground Drainage and Manhole
Monitoring System for Metropolitan Cities”, International Journal of Information & Computation
Technology. ISSN 0974-2239 Volume 4, Number 12 (2014), pp. 1211-1220 © International Research
Publications House
● Priya Tiwari, “IoT Based Smart Sewage Monitoring System using GSM and Wi-Fi Module” International
Journal of Innovative Science and Research Technology ISSN No:-2456-2165.
● Xinru Fu “Manhole Cover Intelligent Detection and Management System”, 6th International Conference on
Electronic, Mechanical, Information and Management (EMIM 2016)