A full adder circuit has three inputs (A, B, C) that add the input numbers and generate a carry and sum output. It is different from a half adder which only has two inputs and outputs. A full subtractor circuit performs subtraction on three input bits: minuend, subtrahend, and borrow in to generate a difference and borrow out output. Both circuits can be implemented using universal gates and have applications in arithmetic logic units, ripple carry adders, multiplication circuits, and other applications requiring complex computations like graphics processing.

1. FULL ADDER & FULL SUBTRACTOR
using universal gates and circuitverse
simulator

2. FULL ADDER:
A full adder logic circuit has three inputs A, B and C, which
add the three input numbers and generate a carry and sum.
The difference between a half-adder and a full-adder is that
the full-adder has three inputs and two outputs, whereas half
adder has only two inputs and two outputs.

3. Truth TABLE & CIRCUIT DIAGRAM

4. Full adder using universal gates
Circuit diagram

5. K-map

6. APPLICATION
● ALU- Arithmetic Logic Unit (one of the circuit is a full adder).
● Ripple carry adder, it adds n-bits at a time.
● carryout Multiplication -the dedicated multiplication circuit uses it.
● For graphics related applications, where there is a very much need of
complex computations

7. FULL SUBTRACTOR
The full subtractor is a combinational circuit which is used to
perform subtraction of three input bits: the minuend ,
subtrahend , and borrow in . The full subtractor generates two
output bits: the difference and borrow out .

8. Truth TABLE & CIRCUIT DIAGRAM

9. Full subtractor using universal gates
Circuit diagram

10. K-map

11. APPLICATION
● These are generally employed for ALU in computers to subtract as CPU and
GPU for applications of graphics to decrease the circuit difficulty
● Subtractors are mostly used for performing arithmetical functions like
subtraction in electronic calculators and digital devices
● These are also applicable for different microcontrollers for arithmetic
subtraction, timers and program counter (PC)
● Subtractors are used in processors to compute tables, address, etc.