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Managing your type ii diabetes: patient education
- 1. Managing Your Type II Diabetes By Melissa Lowry-Vice RN USF Internet Education Course
- 2. Type II Diabetes 1. If you eat the entire container, how many calories will you eat? 2. If you are allowed to eat 60 grams of carbohydrates as a snack, how much ice cream could you have? 3. Your doctor advises you to reduce the amount of saturated fat in your diet. You usually have 42 g of saturated fat each day, which includes one serving of ice cream. If you stop eating ice cream, how many grams of saturated fat would you be consuming each day? 4. If you usually eat 2,500 calories in a day, what percentage of your daily value of calories will you be eating if you eat one serving? Dudas, K. (2011)
- 3. Quiz Answers Question 1 Answer: 1,000 is the only correct answer Question 2 Answer: Any of the following is correct: 1 cup (or any amount up to 1 cup), half the container. Note: If patient answers “two servings,” ask “How much ice cream would that be if you were to measure it into a bowl?” Question 3 Answer: 33 is the only correct answer Question 4 Answer: 10% is the only correct answer
- 4. Type II Diabetes When to check blood glucose Create a healthy meal plan How to check blood glucose Diabetes Features Nutrition & supplements, 2011 Glucose meter, 2011
- 5. Type II Diabetes It is important to check your blood glucose also known as blood sugar daily. It should be checked 30 minutes to 1 hour before meals and before bedtime. This means that you should be checking 2-4 times daily as directed by your physician. You check you blood sugar before meals because glucose levels are continually changing throughout the day with the biggest changes happening about 2 hours after eating and while sleeping. (American Diabetes Association, 2011) Flow of Glucose Blood Glucose Follow the Lemur, 2010 A.D.A.M., 2010
- 6. Type II Diabetes Normal blood glucose level is individualized and should by determined by your physician. Generally normal fasting (before eating) blood sugar is defined as between 70 and 110 mg/ml. A blood glucose lower than 70 mg/ml is classified as hypoglycemia and greater than 110 is classified as hyperglycemia. American Diabetes Association, 2011 Diabetes Handbook, 2011
- 7. Type II Diabetes The following symptoms are indicators of Diabetes: low energy levels, inability to concentrate, blurry vision, food cravings, headache, chest pain, or hot flashes. You also need to check your sugar whenever you experience any of the following symptoms: extreme thirst, frequent urination, dry skin, excessive hunger, blurry vision, sleepiness, or nausea. For high blood glucose, treat with insulin or other anti-hyperglycemic medication as directed by your physician. Symptoms of Hyperglycemia Type II Diabetes, 2006
- 8. Type II Diabetes Symptoms of Hypoglycemia Additionally, you need to check you blood sugar is you experience shaking, headache, sweating, fatigue, weakness, or hunger which may indicate that your sugar is low. If you find that your blood glucose is low, you need to eat a snack rich in protein and complex sugars like peanut butter and crackers with milk. A.D.A.M, 2010
- 9. Type II Diabetes “Glucose meter,” 2011 Blood glucose testing supplies include: • blood glucose meter • test stripes • alcohol wipes to clean test site • testing lances/needles
- 10. Type II Diabetes Glucose Test Strips Glucose Test Lance
- 11. Type II Diabetes There are several different treatments for Diabetes. Some patients are able to treat high blood sugar with diet changes, others with oral anti-hyperglycemic medication like metformin, or with injectable insulin like novolog. It is also recommended that you should keep a log of your blood glucose. This log will aid you physician to determine the best treatment plan to control your blood glucose. University of Minnesota, 2010 A.D.A.M., 2010
- 12. Type II Diabetes Test Sites Appropriate blood glucose test sites include the upper 2/3’s of any finger Schmeken, 2011
- 13. Type II Diabetes Procedure A.D.A.M., 2010 A.D.A.M., 2010
- 14. Type II Diabetes Self Injection Sites Slowik, 2011 Schulte, 2010
- 15. Type II Diabetes Diet is a very important way to control your blood glucose. You should follow the recommended daily allowances as outlined by the American Diabetic Association and you physician. Caring Online, 2011
- 16. Type II Diabetes Food Choices ADA suggestions include; eating plenty of fruits and non-starchy veggies, whole grains, dried beans & lentils, fish 2-3x’s weekly, lean meats, non-fat dairy, use liquid fats for cooking, drink plenty of water, and exercise portion control (ADA, 2012). Admin, 2011
- 17. Type II Diabetes Complications Devitt, 1999
- 18. Type II Diabetes Complications Reinberg, 2007
- 19. Type II Diabetes Addition Control Measures Garrett, 2012
- 20. Type II Diabetes Resources A.D.A.M. (2010, May 13). Treat low blood sugar. American Accrediation Healthcare Commission. Retrieved from http://pennstatehershey.adam.com American Diabetes Association (2011). Checking your bloods glucose. American Diabetes Association, Retrieved from http://www.diabetes.org American Diabetes Association (2012). Making healthy food choices. American Diabetes Association, Retrieved from http://www.diabetes.org Devitt, T. (1999). The biomarkers of aging. [Web Graphic]. Retrieved from http://www.news.wisc.edu Diabetes in Children: Save the Children (2011). Low blood glucose levels chart diet food. [Web Graphic]. Retrieved from http://thediabetessymptomsinchildren.net Diabetes Features Nutrition & Supplements. (2011) The diabetes food Chart. [Web Graphic]. Retrieved from http://www.healthytimesblogs.com Diabetes Handbook Online, (2011). Blood sugar problems. Diabetes Handbook Online, Retrieved from http://www.diabetes-handbook.com Dudas, K. (2011). Patient centered care: Assessment of health literacy. (New Jersey City University), Available from QSEN, Retrieved from http://www.qsen.org Einberg, S. (2007). Children Diabetes. [Web Graphic]. Retrieved from http://cusecity.org Follow The Lemur. (2010). [Web Drawing]. Retrieved from http://followthelemur.wordpress.com Garrett, D. (2012). Role of skeletal muscle in glucose regulation. [Web Photo] Retrieved from http://www.ehow.com Mobiles24.com. (2012). Betty Boop Nurse. [Web Graphic] Retrieved from http://www.mobil24.com One touch ultra (2011). Glucose meter. [Web Graphic]. Retrieved from http://glucosemeterreviews.org Schmeken, H. (2011, April 14). Alternate sites for blood glucose testing [Online forum comment]. Retrieved from http://www.tudiabetes.org Schulte, S. (2010). Injection sites. [Web Graphic]. Retrieved from http://www.aurorahealthcare.org Slowik, G. (2011). Where to give the shot. [Web Photo]. Retrieved from http://www.ehealthmd.com University of Minnesota. (2010). [Web Photo]. Retrieved from http://license.umn.edu Type II Diabetes (2006). [Web Graphic]. Retrieved from http://www.foodfordiabeticstoday.com
Editor's Notes
- Mobiles24.com, 2012
- 1. If you eat the entire container, how many calories will you eat? Answer: 1,000 is the only correct answer 2. If you are allowed to eat 60 grams of carbohydrates as a snack, how much ice cream could you have? Answer: Any of the following is correct: 1 cup (or any amount up to 1 cup), half the container. Note: If patient answers “two servings,” ask “How much ice cream would that be if you were to measure it into a bowl?” 3. Your doctor advises you to reduce the amount of saturated fat in your diet. You usually have 42 g of saturated fat each day, which includes one serving of ice cream. If you stop eating ice cream, how many grams of saturated fat would you be consuming each day? Answer: 33 is the only correct answer 4. If you usually eat 2,500 calories in a day, what percentage of your daily value of calories will you be eating if you eat one serving? Answer: 10% is the only correct answer READ TO SUBJECT: Pretend that you are allergic to the following substances: penicillin, peanuts, latex gloves, and bee stings. 5. Is it safe for you to eat this ice cream? Answer: No 6. (Ask only if the patient responds “no” to question 5): Why not? Answer: Because it has peanut oil. Interpretation Score of 0-1 suggests high likelihood (50% or more) of limited literacy. Score of 2-3 indicates the possibility of limited literacy. Score of 4-6 almost always indicates adequate literacy. (Dudas, 2011)
- The course objectives are: 1. When you should check your blood sugar. 2. How to check your blood sugar. 3. And how to plan a balanced meal that will help maintain a healthy blood sugar level. Target audience: newly diagnosed Type II Diabetics in self-help post-discharge class
- It is important to check your blood glucose also known as blood sugar daily. It should be checked 30 minutes to 1 hour before meals and before bedtime. This means that you should be checking 2-4 times daily as directed by your physician. You check you blood sugar before meals because glucose levels are continually changing throughout the day with the biggest changes happening about 2 hours after eating and while sleeping. (American Diabetes Association, 2011)
- Normal blood glucose level is individualized and should by determined by your physician. Generally normal fasting (before eating) blood sugar is defined as between 70 and 110 mg/ml. A blood glucose lower than 70 mg/ml is classified as hypoglycemia and greater than 110 is classified as hyperglycemia.
- The following symptoms are indicators of Diabetes: low energy levels, inability to concentrate, blurry vision, food cravings, headache, chest pain, or hot flashes. You also need to check your sugar whenever you experience any of the following symptoms: extreme thirst, frequent urination, dry skin, excessive hunger, blurry vision, sleepiness, or nausea. For high blood glucose, treat with insulin or other anti-hyperglycemic medication as directed by your physician.
- Additionally, you need to check you blood sugar is you experience shaking, headache, sweating, fatigue, weakness, or hunger which may indicate that your sugar is low. If you find that your blood glucose is low, you need to eat a snack rich in protein and complex sugars like peanut butter and crackers with milk.
- Blood glucose testing supplies include: blood glucose meter with test stripes, alcohol wipes to clean test site, testing lances/needles
- There are several different treatments for Diabetes. Some patients are able to treat high blood sugar with diet changes, others with oral anti-hyperglycemic medication like metformin, or with injectable insulin like novolog. It is also recommended that you should keep a log of your blood glucose. This log will aid you physician to determine the best treatment plan to control your blood glucose.
- Appropriate blood glucose test sites include the upper 2/3’s of any finger
- Review procedure for checking blood glucose with students/patients
- Diet is a very important way to control your blood glucose. You should follow the recommended daily allowances as outlined by the American Diabetic Association and you physician.
- ADA suggestions include; eating plenty of fruits and non-starchy veggies, whole grains, dried beans & lentils, fish 2-3x’s weekly, lean meats, non-fat dairy, use liquid fats for cooking, drink plenty of water, and exercise portion control (ADA, 2012).