This document summarizes diabetes, which is an endocrine disorder characterized by high blood glucose levels due to issues with insulin production or action. There are two main types of diabetes: type 1 diabetes results from destruction of beta cells that produce insulin, leading to uncontrolled glucose production and hyperglycemia. Type 2 diabetes involves decreased sensitivity to insulin and less glucose uptake, also resulting in hyperglycemia. Risk factors, symptoms, complications, management, and treatment options are described for both type 1 and type 2 diabetes.

2. GROUP N AME
Hope you enjoy t he show 

3.  An endocrine disorder; a group of metabolic
diseases characterised by elevated levels of
glucose in the blood resulting from defects in
insulin secretion, insulin action, insulin
receptors or any combination of conditions.
OR EASILY PUT….
 Cells are swimming in glucose (their food) but
starving to death because of insulin issues.

4.  Type I: Destruction of beta cells->
decreased insulin production->uncontrolled
glucose production-> HYPERGLYCEMIA
 Type II: Decreased sensitivity of insulin
receptor to insulin-> less uptake of glucose->
HYPERGLYCEMIA
REMEMBER the concept
~Sugar Into The Cells~

5. Type 1 – IDDM
 LITTLE to NO Insulin Type 2– NIDDM
 20-30% Hereditary  some insulin produced
 Ketoacidosis  90% hereditary
 Other types include Secondary Diabetes:
› Genetic defect beta cell or insulin
› Disease of pancreas  Gestational
› Drug/chemical induced
› Infections-pancreatitits › overweight; risk for
Type 2

8.  Classic 3 P’s
 Family Hx diabetes
 Fatigue
 Race/Ethnicity
 Body Weakness
 Age
 Weight Changes
 Hypertension
 Visual Changes
 Hyperlipidemia
 Slow Wound Healing/
 Hx of Gestational Diabetes
Recurrent Skin infections
Mellitus
 Laboratory Tests-> FBS/fasting
 Other signs and symptoms of
blood sugar >7.0 mmol/L
diabetes complications

9. Chronic
MACROVASCULAR Acute
 Cardiovascular disease
 Cerebrovascular disease
 Diabetic ketoacidosis
MICROVASCULAR
 Retinopathy (vision)  Hyperglycemic-
problems hyperosmolar-nonketotic
 Diabetic neuropathy syndrome
 Diabetic nephropathy
 Hypoglycemia from too
 Male erectile dysfunction much insulin or too little
glucose

10. Diabetes can be managed or controlled by:
 Educating patient about diabetes
 Exercising regularly
 Eating a healthy well balanced diet
 Avoiding smoking (people with diabetes who smoke
are at a higher risk of developing
cardiovascular complications).
 Avoid alcohol
 Pharmacologic Therapy
Type One: Insulin Injections given
subcutaneously
Type Two: Oral Medication, such as Metformin

12. Hot + Dry = Sugar High
Cold n Clammy= Need
Some Candy

13. And For All You
Visual Learners,
Heres A Treat:
http://www.youtube.com/wat
ch?
v=NnIWDxuZKUo&feature=r
elated