Prevention & control of diabetes Diabetes through lifestyle and stress management and diet modification

1. Diabetes:
Epidemiology, Prevention & Control
Seema Daud

3. International diabetes Federation (IDF): 2012

4. Diabetes in Pakistan – Estimated for 2014
Number of Diabetic Patients 7.1 million
Number of deaths in adults due to diabetes 88,000
Male to Female ratio of diabetic deaths 1:1.5
Cost per person with diabetes (USD) 52.7 US $
Number of cases of diabetes in adults that
are undiagnosed (1000s)
3,471.9
Type II Diabetes in age ≥ 30 years 10%
Sources:
International diabetes Federation (IDF): 2014
Diabetes Association of Pakistan (DAP): 2014)

5. Sources:
1. Shaw JE, Sicree RA, Zimmet PZ. Global estimates of the prevalence of diabetes for 2010
and 2030. Diabetes Res Clin Pract. Jan 2010;87(1):4-14.
2. Wild S, Roglic G, Green A, Sicree R, King H. Global prevalence of diabetes: estimates for
the year 2000 and projections for 2030. Diabetes Care. May 2004;27(5):1047-1053.

6. Iceberg of Disease (Diabetes): 1:2
Tip of the
Iceberg
(Diagnosed)
Submerged
Portion
(Undiagnosed,
Subclinical cases,
Carriers)

7. Public Health Importance of Diabetes

8. Predisposing (Risk) Factors of Diabetes

9. Family History
Increasing Age Gender

11. South Asian, Chinese, African,
Caribbean, Hispanics

12. Diet

13. • Between 1990 and 2010 : 60+ years > by 75.1%.
• Projected life expectancy: 72 years by 2023.
• WHO report (1998) projected:
5.6% of Pakistan’s > over 60 years of age, with
a probability of doubling to 11% by the year 2025.

14. High Depression & Stress (Hussain &Tomenson, 2000)

15. • Pakistan’s urban
population:
38%
• Pakistan is
urbanizing at an
annual rate of
3-4%
• By 2025 urban
population:
50%

16. Levels of Prevention
• Primordial
Early childhood (preventing risk factors)
Health promotion & lifestyle modifications
• Primary
Before the onset of disease
Health promotion & lifestyle modifications
• Secondary
Early diagnosis
Screening & management
Tertiary
Prevent complications & rehabilitation

17. Digest Carbohydrates quickly
Release energy quickly
Feel hungry soon
Eat more
Digest Carbohydrates slowly
Release energy slowly
Feel full longer
Eat eat

18. High Glycemic Index of Food Low