The female reproductive system is made up of internal organs and external structures. Its function is to enable reproduction of the species. Sexual maturation is the process that this system undergoes in order to carry out its role in the process of pregnancy and birth.
The reproductive organ in female are those which concerned with copulation, fertilization, growth and development of fetus and its subsequent exit to the outer world.
Roles of Female Reproductive System
Produce sex hormones
Estrogen, Progesterone
Produce egg (ova or oocytes)
Support & protect developing embryo
Give birth to new baby
The female reproductive organs can be subdivided into:
External genitalia or Vulva
Internal genitalia
Accessory reproductive organs.
The vulva refers to those parts that are outwardly visible.
The vulva includes:
Mons pubis
Labia majora
Labia minora
Clitoris
Urethral opening
Vaginal opening
Perineum
MONS PUBIS
The triangular mound of fatty tissue that covers the pubic bone
It protects the pubic symphysis
During adolescence sex hormones trigger the growth of pubic hair on the mons pubis
Hair varies in coarseness curliness, amount, color and thickness
LABIA MAJORA
Referred to as the outer lips
They have a darker pigmentation
The Labia Majora:
Protect the introitus and urethral openings
Are covered with hair and sebaceous glands
Tend to be smooth, moist, and hairless
The labia majora contain sweat and oil-secreting glands
Become flaccid with age and after childbirth
LABIA MINORA
Referred to as the “inner lips”
Made up of erectile, connective tissue that darkens and swells during sexual arousal
Located inside the labia majora
They are more sensitive and responsive to touch than the labia majora
The labia minora tightens during intercourse
CLITORISHighly sensitive organ composed of nerves, blood vessels, and erectile tissue
It is made up of a shaft and a glans
Becomes engorged with blood during sexual stimulation
Key to sexual pleasure for most women
Urethral opening is located directly below clitoris
VAGINAL OPENINGINTROITUSOpening may be covered by a thin sheath called the hymen
Using the presence of an intact hymen for determining virginity is erroneous
The hymen can be perforated by many different events
There will be scientific program,pre and post congress workshops covering vast topics like Repeated IVF failures,Endometriosis,Stimulation Protocols-Review & new strategies,Oocyte,Hands on Laparascopic suturing and Operative
hysteroscopy,Advanced Reproductive techniques,Rise & fall of Metformin,Fitness for Fertility,Letrozole in infertility and
ART,Recent Advances in ART,Ovarian Pathology,Monitoring Ovarian Function,Antagonist,Oocyte Cryo banking,Unexplained Infertility,Ovulation Induction,Embryology,Cyro Preservation& Vitrification,Oocyte Retrieval,IVF
lite,Ovarian Imaging,Ovarian Tumor,Egg donation,Oocyte Donation,GnRH antagonist in IUI,Repeated IVF failures
Incharge,Endometriosis,Reproductive Endocrinology,Oocyte Incharge,Reproductive Surgery,Androlgy for the gynecologist and more.
The female reproductive system provides several functions.
The ovaries produce the egg cells, called the ova or oocytes.
The oocytes are then transported to the fallopian tube where fertilization by a sperm may occur.
The fertilized egg then moves to the uterus, where the uterine lining has thickened in response to the normal hormones of the reproductive cycle.
Once in the uterus, the fertilized egg can implant into thickened uterine lining and continue to develop.
If implantation does not take place, the uterine lining is shed as menstrual flow.
In addition, the female reproductive system produces female sex hormones that maintain the reproductive cycle.
During menopause, the female reproductive system gradually stops making the female hormones necessary for the reproductive cycle to work. At this point, menstrual cycles can become irregular and eventually stop.
One year after menstrual cycles stop, the woman is considered to be menopausal.
Welcome to an in-depth presentation on the Human Reproductive System. This comprehensive guide is designed to equip you with detailed knowledge, making it an invaluable resource for extensive study and preparation for a range of competitive exams, including NEET, CUET, and board exams. Whether you're delving into the subject for the first time or looking for a comprehensive revision tool, this presentation offers a deep dive into the intricacies of the human reproductive system. Explore essential concepts, structures, and functions, all presented in a clear and accessible format. Elevate your understanding and enhance your exam readiness with this indispensable resource. Start your journey towards mastering the Human Reproductive System today!
The female reproductive system is made up of internal organs and external structures. Its function is to enable reproduction of the species. Sexual maturation is the process that this system undergoes in order to carry out its role in the process of pregnancy and birth.
The reproductive organ in female are those which concerned with copulation, fertilization, growth and development of fetus and its subsequent exit to the outer world.
Roles of Female Reproductive System
Produce sex hormones
Estrogen, Progesterone
Produce egg (ova or oocytes)
Support & protect developing embryo
Give birth to new baby
The female reproductive organs can be subdivided into:
External genitalia or Vulva
Internal genitalia
Accessory reproductive organs.
The vulva refers to those parts that are outwardly visible.
The vulva includes:
Mons pubis
Labia majora
Labia minora
Clitoris
Urethral opening
Vaginal opening
Perineum
MONS PUBIS
The triangular mound of fatty tissue that covers the pubic bone
It protects the pubic symphysis
During adolescence sex hormones trigger the growth of pubic hair on the mons pubis
Hair varies in coarseness curliness, amount, color and thickness
LABIA MAJORA
Referred to as the outer lips
They have a darker pigmentation
The Labia Majora:
Protect the introitus and urethral openings
Are covered with hair and sebaceous glands
Tend to be smooth, moist, and hairless
The labia majora contain sweat and oil-secreting glands
Become flaccid with age and after childbirth
LABIA MINORA
Referred to as the “inner lips”
Made up of erectile, connective tissue that darkens and swells during sexual arousal
Located inside the labia majora
They are more sensitive and responsive to touch than the labia majora
The labia minora tightens during intercourse
CLITORISHighly sensitive organ composed of nerves, blood vessels, and erectile tissue
It is made up of a shaft and a glans
Becomes engorged with blood during sexual stimulation
Key to sexual pleasure for most women
Urethral opening is located directly below clitoris
VAGINAL OPENINGINTROITUSOpening may be covered by a thin sheath called the hymen
Using the presence of an intact hymen for determining virginity is erroneous
The hymen can be perforated by many different events
There will be scientific program,pre and post congress workshops covering vast topics like Repeated IVF failures,Endometriosis,Stimulation Protocols-Review & new strategies,Oocyte,Hands on Laparascopic suturing and Operative
hysteroscopy,Advanced Reproductive techniques,Rise & fall of Metformin,Fitness for Fertility,Letrozole in infertility and
ART,Recent Advances in ART,Ovarian Pathology,Monitoring Ovarian Function,Antagonist,Oocyte Cryo banking,Unexplained Infertility,Ovulation Induction,Embryology,Cyro Preservation& Vitrification,Oocyte Retrieval,IVF
lite,Ovarian Imaging,Ovarian Tumor,Egg donation,Oocyte Donation,GnRH antagonist in IUI,Repeated IVF failures
Incharge,Endometriosis,Reproductive Endocrinology,Oocyte Incharge,Reproductive Surgery,Androlgy for the gynecologist and more.
The female reproductive system provides several functions.
The ovaries produce the egg cells, called the ova or oocytes.
The oocytes are then transported to the fallopian tube where fertilization by a sperm may occur.
The fertilized egg then moves to the uterus, where the uterine lining has thickened in response to the normal hormones of the reproductive cycle.
Once in the uterus, the fertilized egg can implant into thickened uterine lining and continue to develop.
If implantation does not take place, the uterine lining is shed as menstrual flow.
In addition, the female reproductive system produces female sex hormones that maintain the reproductive cycle.
During menopause, the female reproductive system gradually stops making the female hormones necessary for the reproductive cycle to work. At this point, menstrual cycles can become irregular and eventually stop.
One year after menstrual cycles stop, the woman is considered to be menopausal.
Welcome to an in-depth presentation on the Human Reproductive System. This comprehensive guide is designed to equip you with detailed knowledge, making it an invaluable resource for extensive study and preparation for a range of competitive exams, including NEET, CUET, and board exams. Whether you're delving into the subject for the first time or looking for a comprehensive revision tool, this presentation offers a deep dive into the intricacies of the human reproductive system. Explore essential concepts, structures, and functions, all presented in a clear and accessible format. Elevate your understanding and enhance your exam readiness with this indispensable resource. Start your journey towards mastering the Human Reproductive System today!
Join us for an introduction to understanding human reproduction! From menstruation to pregnancy, learn about how our bodies work together to create new life. We cover key biological processes involved, discuss common health issues related to the female reproductive system, provide tips on maintaining reproductive health, and address any burning questions you have had regarding sex education. By the end of this presentation, viewers should feel better informed and empowered around these important topics. Let's dive into the fascinating world of reproductive science!
The female reproductive system is made up of the internal and external sex organs that function in reproduction of new offspring. In humans, the female reproductive system is immature at birth and develops to maturity at puberty to be able to produce gametes, and to carry a fetes to full term.
The following power point discusses about how the process of sexual reproduction takes place in Humans. In it, we discuss about the male and female reproductive systems, then we discuss about how the process of fertilisation occurs in humans. Thereafter we discuss about pregnancy. Menstrual Cycle, Ways to control Population growth, STDs etc
• Bioremediation – process of cleaning up environmental sites contaminated with chemical pollutants by using living organisms to degrade hazardous materials into less toxic substances
• Nutrient cycles referred to as biogeochemical cycles
• Gaseous forms of carbon, oxygen, and nitrogen occur in the atmosphere and cycle globally
• Less mobile elements, including phosphorous, cycle on a more local level
• Still, gains and losses from outside of the ecosystem are generally small when compared to the rate at which nutrients are cycled within the system.
ART refers to methods used to achieve pregnancy by artificial or partially artificial means.
• INCLUDES- artificial insemination, In vitro fertilization (IVF) , Zygote intrafallopian transfer (ZIFT) or Tubal Embryo Transfer, Gamete intrafallopian transfer (GIFT) , Intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI)
There needs to be a balance between water ingested and water eliminated.
In order to maintain homeostatic levels of water, the body must undergo osmoregulation.
A number of morphologically and functionally diverse organs and tissue organs and tissue contribute to the development of immune responses .
These organs can be distinguished by function as the primary and secondary lymphoid organs .
In five kingdom classification(scheme proposed by R. Whittaker in 1969), Protists make up a kingdom called “Protista”, composed of “Organisms which are unicellular or unicellular-colonial and which form no tissue.
Protists are the eukaryotes that are not members of the kingdom Plantae, Animalia or Fungi. Most Protists are unicellular, but few have hundreds or even thousands of cells.
Protists can be autotrophic or heterotrophic.
They move by cilia, flagella or pseudopodia.
Microbial cultures are foundational and basic diagnostic methods used extensively as a research tool in molecular biology.
Microbial cultures are used to determine the type of organism, its abundance in the sample being tested, or both.
It is one of the primary diagnostic methods of microbiology and used as a tool to determine the cause of infectious disease by letting the agent multiply in a predetermined medium.
It is often essential to isolate a pure culture of microorganisms
Excretory system
Fuction of excretory system
Excretory organ
1>Malpighian tubules
2>Nephrocyte
3>Oenocytes
5>Integument
6>rectum
→Urine production
Formation of primary urine
Movement of solute
Excreation of ions
Modification of primary urine
Salt and water balance
terrestial insects
Fresh water insect
Salt water insect
Nitrogen Excretion
o Snow leopard known throughtout the world for its beautiful fur and elusive behavior, the endangered snow leopard () is found in the rugged mountains of central asia.
o They are perfectly adapted to the cold, bareen landscape of their high altitude home, but human threats have created an uncertain future for the cats.
o Scientist estimate that there may only be between 3920-6390 snow leopard left in the wild.
Honey bees are social insects, which means that they live together in large, well-organized family group.
Communication, complex net construction, environmental control, defense and divison of the labor are just some of the behaviour that honey bees have developed to exist successfully in social colonies.
A honey bees colony typically consists of three kinds of the bees 1) Queen. 2) Workers. 3) Drones.
In addition to thousands of workers adults, a colony normally has a single queen & several hundred drones.
Honey bees live in comb or nest.
Mutual cooperation exist.
Developed communication Dance.
THE PPT CONTAIN GENERAL INTRODUCTION TO Respiratory system.
Components of respiratory system
spiracles, trachea, tracheoles, air sacs.
Number and arrangement of spiracles in insect.
• Holopneustic respiratory system
• Hemipneustic respiratory system
• Peripneustic respiratory system
• Amphipheustic respiratory system
• Propneustic respiratory system
• Metapneustic respiratory system
• Apneustic respiratory system
Function of the respiratory system.
restrial insects
A spectrophotometer is an instrument that measures the amount of photons absorbed by a sample after it is passed through its solution.
UV-Visible spectrophotometer uses UV and visible range of electromagnetic radiation spectrum.
wing is one of the most characterstic feature of insects.
In majority of insects mesothorax and meta thorax carries a pair of wings.
On the basis of presence of wings class insecta is devided into 2 sub classes :
1. APTERIGOTA
2. PTERIGOTA
Louis Pasteur was born on 27th december 1822, in dole, france. He was a soldier in napoleon’s army and his job was a gravedigger. As a child louis loved to paint but the age of 19, he decided to start a scientific career. He studied physics and chemistry and in 1846 he recived a PH.D in CHEMISTRY.He worked as a professor at the university of strasbourg,paris.Louis pasteur is known as the “FATHER OF MICROBIOLOGY & IMMUNOLOGY”
Biological screening of herbal drugs: Introduction and Need for
Phyto-Pharmacological Screening, New Strategies for evaluating
Natural Products, In vitro evaluation techniques for Antioxidants, Antimicrobial and Anticancer drugs. In vivo evaluation techniques
for Anti-inflammatory, Antiulcer, Anticancer, Wound healing, Antidiabetic, Hepatoprotective, Cardio protective, Diuretics and
Antifertility, Toxicity studies as per OECD guidelines
June 3, 2024 Anti-Semitism Letter Sent to MIT President Kornbluth and MIT Cor...Levi Shapiro
Letter from the Congress of the United States regarding Anti-Semitism sent June 3rd to MIT President Sally Kornbluth, MIT Corp Chair, Mark Gorenberg
Dear Dr. Kornbluth and Mr. Gorenberg,
The US House of Representatives is deeply concerned by ongoing and pervasive acts of antisemitic
harassment and intimidation at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT). Failing to act decisively to ensure a safe learning environment for all students would be a grave dereliction of your responsibilities as President of MIT and Chair of the MIT Corporation.
This Congress will not stand idly by and allow an environment hostile to Jewish students to persist. The House believes that your institution is in violation of Title VI of the Civil Rights Act, and the inability or
unwillingness to rectify this violation through action requires accountability.
Postsecondary education is a unique opportunity for students to learn and have their ideas and beliefs challenged. However, universities receiving hundreds of millions of federal funds annually have denied
students that opportunity and have been hijacked to become venues for the promotion of terrorism, antisemitic harassment and intimidation, unlawful encampments, and in some cases, assaults and riots.
The House of Representatives will not countenance the use of federal funds to indoctrinate students into hateful, antisemitic, anti-American supporters of terrorism. Investigations into campus antisemitism by the Committee on Education and the Workforce and the Committee on Ways and Means have been expanded into a Congress-wide probe across all relevant jurisdictions to address this national crisis. The undersigned Committees will conduct oversight into the use of federal funds at MIT and its learning environment under authorities granted to each Committee.
• The Committee on Education and the Workforce has been investigating your institution since December 7, 2023. The Committee has broad jurisdiction over postsecondary education, including its compliance with Title VI of the Civil Rights Act, campus safety concerns over disruptions to the learning environment, and the awarding of federal student aid under the Higher Education Act.
• The Committee on Oversight and Accountability is investigating the sources of funding and other support flowing to groups espousing pro-Hamas propaganda and engaged in antisemitic harassment and intimidation of students. The Committee on Oversight and Accountability is the principal oversight committee of the US House of Representatives and has broad authority to investigate “any matter” at “any time” under House Rule X.
• The Committee on Ways and Means has been investigating several universities since November 15, 2023, when the Committee held a hearing entitled From Ivory Towers to Dark Corners: Investigating the Nexus Between Antisemitism, Tax-Exempt Universities, and Terror Financing. The Committee followed the hearing with letters to those institutions on January 10, 202
Honest Reviews of Tim Han LMA Course Program.pptxtimhan337
Personal development courses are widely available today, with each one promising life-changing outcomes. Tim Han’s Life Mastery Achievers (LMA) Course has drawn a lot of interest. In addition to offering my frank assessment of Success Insider’s LMA Course, this piece examines the course’s effects via a variety of Tim Han LMA course reviews and Success Insider comments.
Francesca Gottschalk - How can education support child empowerment.pptxEduSkills OECD
Francesca Gottschalk from the OECD’s Centre for Educational Research and Innovation presents at the Ask an Expert Webinar: How can education support child empowerment?
Safalta Digital marketing institute in Noida, provide complete applications that encompass a huge range of virtual advertising and marketing additives, which includes search engine optimization, virtual communication advertising, pay-per-click on marketing, content material advertising, internet analytics, and greater. These university courses are designed for students who possess a comprehensive understanding of virtual marketing strategies and attributes.Safalta Digital Marketing Institute in Noida is a first choice for young individuals or students who are looking to start their careers in the field of digital advertising. The institute gives specialized courses designed and certification.
for beginners, providing thorough training in areas such as SEO, digital communication marketing, and PPC training in Noida. After finishing the program, students receive the certifications recognised by top different universitie, setting a strong foundation for a successful career in digital marketing.
2024.06.01 Introducing a competency framework for languag learning materials ...Sandy Millin
http://sandymillin.wordpress.com/iateflwebinar2024
Published classroom materials form the basis of syllabuses, drive teacher professional development, and have a potentially huge influence on learners, teachers and education systems. All teachers also create their own materials, whether a few sentences on a blackboard, a highly-structured fully-realised online course, or anything in between. Despite this, the knowledge and skills needed to create effective language learning materials are rarely part of teacher training, and are mostly learnt by trial and error.
Knowledge and skills frameworks, generally called competency frameworks, for ELT teachers, trainers and managers have existed for a few years now. However, until I created one for my MA dissertation, there wasn’t one drawing together what we need to know and do to be able to effectively produce language learning materials.
This webinar will introduce you to my framework, highlighting the key competencies I identified from my research. It will also show how anybody involved in language teaching (any language, not just English!), teacher training, managing schools or developing language learning materials can benefit from using the framework.
The French Revolution, which began in 1789, was a period of radical social and political upheaval in France. It marked the decline of absolute monarchies, the rise of secular and democratic republics, and the eventual rise of Napoleon Bonaparte. This revolutionary period is crucial in understanding the transition from feudalism to modernity in Europe.
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A Strategic Approach: GenAI in EducationPeter Windle
Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies such as Generative AI, Image Generators and Large Language Models have had a dramatic impact on teaching, learning and assessment over the past 18 months. The most immediate threat AI posed was to Academic Integrity with Higher Education Institutes (HEIs) focusing their efforts on combating the use of GenAI in assessment. Guidelines were developed for staff and students, policies put in place too. Innovative educators have forged paths in the use of Generative AI for teaching, learning and assessments leading to pockets of transformation springing up across HEIs, often with little or no top-down guidance, support or direction.
This Gasta posits a strategic approach to integrating AI into HEIs to prepare staff, students and the curriculum for an evolving world and workplace. We will highlight the advantages of working with these technologies beyond the realm of teaching, learning and assessment by considering prompt engineering skills, industry impact, curriculum changes, and the need for staff upskilling. In contrast, not engaging strategically with Generative AI poses risks, including falling behind peers, missed opportunities and failing to ensure our graduates remain employable. The rapid evolution of AI technologies necessitates a proactive and strategic approach if we are to remain relevant.
Read| The latest issue of The Challenger is here! We are thrilled to announce that our school paper has qualified for the NATIONAL SCHOOLS PRESS CONFERENCE (NSPC) 2024. Thank you for your unwavering support and trust. Dive into the stories that made us stand out!
3. introduction
Reproduction is the process in which an
organism produces its offspring.
In human reproductive system, two gametes i.e.
male and female gametes are involved.
In human, the female reproductive system is
immature at birth and develops maturity at
puberty to be able to produce gametes, and to
carry a foetus to full term.
4. Female Genital Organs
There are two types of genital organs- External and Internal.
1. External genital organs/Vulva
The area having external genitalia is characterized by following parts-
i. Labia majora - Outer, thicker and hairy with sebaceous glands.
ii. Labia minora – Inner, thin and non-hairy.
iii. Clitoris – near the front junction of labia minora.
iv. Vestibule – The area between labia minora.
A pair of Bartholin’s glands/major vestibular glands are
located in the lateral walls of vestibule near the vaginal
opening. They discharge an alkaline secretion for vestibular
lubrication and counteracting urinary acidity.
5. 1. Internal genital organs
1. Uterus : It is shaped like an upside down pear with a thick lining and muscular wall.
Function – It contains some of the strongest muscles in female body which are able to
expand and contract to accommodate a growing foetus.
2. Fallopian tubes/Oviducts : Located at extended upper part of the uterus on other
side.
Function – Egg transportation from ovary to uterus ( fertilization usually takes place
here)
3. The Ovary : considered as female gonads. Located at pelvic region on either side of
the uterus.
Function – Provides and environment for maturation of oocyte.
Corpus Luteum – It is hormone secreting structure that develops in an ovary after an
ovum has been discharged but degenerates after a few days unless pregnancy has begun.
Synthesize and secretes sex hormones (oestrogen and progesterone)
6.
7. MAMMARY GLANDS
These produce milk for the sustenance of a
baby.
These exocrine glands are enlarged and
modified sweat glands.
Development of mammary glands is controlled
by hormones. (Estrogen promotes formation)
8. HORMONES REGULATING FEMALE
REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM
GONADOTROPIN RELEASING HORMONES –
Produced by Hypothalamus.
When it circulates in blood, it causes the release of two important
hormones from the Pituitary gland
1) FSH (FOLLICULAR STIMULATING HORMONES) – Produced during the
first half of menstrual cycle. It stimulates development of mature
ovarian follicle and control ovum production in female.
2) LH(LEUTENIZING HORMONES) – Stimulates ovary to produce
estrogen and progesterone. It triggers the ovulation and promotes
the development of corpus luteum.
9. OESTROGEN
Produced by ovaries.
Promotes maturation and release of an
ovum in every menstrual cycle.
PROGESTERONE
Produced by corpus luteum in ovary.
Prepare the endometrium for reception and
development of fertilized ovum.
10. REPRODUCTIVE CYCLE
OVARIAN CYCLE EVENTS UTERINE CYCLE EVENTS
FOLLICULAR PHASE
(Day 1 – 13)
• FSH secretion begins
• Follicular
maturation occurs
• Estrogen secretion is
prominent
Menstruation
(Day 2 – 5)
Proliferative days
(Day 6-13)
Endometrium breaks
down
Endometrium rebuilds
OVULATION
(Day 14)
• LH spike occurs
LUTEAL PHASE
(Day 15-28)
• LH secretion occurs
• Corpus Luteum is
formed
• Progesterone
secretion is
prominent.
SECRETORY PHASE
(Day 15-28)
Endometrium thickens
and glands are
secretory