The document provides an overview of the development of modernist architecture in the early 20th century. It discusses key intellectual developments like Einstein's theory of relativity that challenged traditional notions. Artistic movements like De Stijl and the Bauhaus emerged, advocating geometric abstraction and unity of art and technology. The Bauhaus school under Gropius and later Mies van der Rohe promoted craftsmanship and understanding of industry. Rietveld's Schroder House exemplified De Stijl principles through its rigid planes and primary colors.
Ludwig Mies van der Rohe born Maria Ludwig Michael Mies; March 27, (1886 – August 17, 1969) was a German-American architect. He was commonly referred to as Mies, his surname. Along with Alvar Aalto, Le Corbusier, Walter Gropius and Frank Lloyd Wright, he is regarded as one of the pioneers of modernist architecture. Mies was the last director of the Bauhaus, a seminal school in modern architecture. After Nazism's rise to power, with its strong opposition to modernism (leading to the closing of the Bauhaus itself), Mies emigrated to the United States. He accepted the position to head the architecture school at the Armour Institute of Technology (later the Illinois Institute of Technology), in Chicago
He worked in his father's stone carving shop and at several local design firms before he moved to Berlin, where he joined the office of interior designer Bruno Paul. He began his architectural career as an apprentice at the studio of Peter Behrens from 1908 to 1912, where he was exposed to the current design theories and to progressive German culture. He worked alongside Le Corbusier and Walter Gropius, who was later also involved in the development of the Bauhaus. Mies served as construction manager of the Embassy of the German Empire in Saint Petersburg under Behrens.
Ludwig Mies renamed himself as part of his transformation from a tradesman's son to an architect working with Berlin's cultural elite, adding "van der" and his mother's maiden name "Rohe" (the word mies means "lousy" in German and using the Dutch "van der", because the German form "von" was a nobiliary particle legally restricted to those of genuine aristocratic lineage. He began his independent professional career designing upper-class homes.
sought to establish his own particular architectural style that could represent modern times just as Classical and Gothic did for their own eras. He created his own twentieth-century architectural style, stated with extreme clarity and simplicity. His mature buildings made use of modern materials such as industrial steel and plate glass to define interior spaces, as also conducted by other modernist architects in the 1920s and 1930s such as Richard Neutra. Mies strove toward an architecture with a minimal framework of structural order balanced against the implied freedom of unobstructed free-flowing open space. He called his buildings "skin and bones" architecture. He sought an objective approach that would guide the creative process of architectural design, but was always concerned with expressing the spirit of the modern era. He is often associated with his fondness for the aphorisms, "less is more" and "God is in the details".
Ludwig Mies van der Rohe born Maria Ludwig Michael Mies; March 27, (1886 – August 17, 1969) was a German-American architect. He was commonly referred to as Mies, his surname. Along with Alvar Aalto, Le Corbusier, Walter Gropius and Frank Lloyd Wright, he is regarded as one of the pioneers of modernist architecture. Mies was the last director of the Bauhaus, a seminal school in modern architecture. After Nazism's rise to power, with its strong opposition to modernism (leading to the closing of the Bauhaus itself), Mies emigrated to the United States. He accepted the position to head the architecture school at the Armour Institute of Technology (later the Illinois Institute of Technology), in Chicago
He worked in his father's stone carving shop and at several local design firms before he moved to Berlin, where he joined the office of interior designer Bruno Paul. He began his architectural career as an apprentice at the studio of Peter Behrens from 1908 to 1912, where he was exposed to the current design theories and to progressive German culture. He worked alongside Le Corbusier and Walter Gropius, who was later also involved in the development of the Bauhaus. Mies served as construction manager of the Embassy of the German Empire in Saint Petersburg under Behrens.
Ludwig Mies renamed himself as part of his transformation from a tradesman's son to an architect working with Berlin's cultural elite, adding "van der" and his mother's maiden name "Rohe" (the word mies means "lousy" in German and using the Dutch "van der", because the German form "von" was a nobiliary particle legally restricted to those of genuine aristocratic lineage. He began his independent professional career designing upper-class homes.
sought to establish his own particular architectural style that could represent modern times just as Classical and Gothic did for their own eras. He created his own twentieth-century architectural style, stated with extreme clarity and simplicity. His mature buildings made use of modern materials such as industrial steel and plate glass to define interior spaces, as also conducted by other modernist architects in the 1920s and 1930s such as Richard Neutra. Mies strove toward an architecture with a minimal framework of structural order balanced against the implied freedom of unobstructed free-flowing open space. He called his buildings "skin and bones" architecture. He sought an objective approach that would guide the creative process of architectural design, but was always concerned with expressing the spirit of the modern era. He is often associated with his fondness for the aphorisms, "less is more" and "God is in the details".
Theory Of Design - Louis Sullivan. Buildings covered in this presentation are - Auditorium Building (Chicago) , Wainwright Building, Carson Pierie Scott and company building, transportation building, louis sullivan bungalow ,
High-tech architecture, also known as Late Modernism or Structural Expressionism, is an architectural style that emerged in the 1970s, incorporating elements of high-tech industry and technology into building design.
High-tech architecture appeared as a revamped modernism , an extension of those previous ideas helped by even more technological advances.
This category serves as a bridge between modernism and post-modernism ; there remain gray areas as to where one category ends and the other begins. In the 1980s, high-tech architecture became more difficult to distinguish from post-modern architecture. Some of its ideas were later absorbed into the style of Neo-Futurism art and architectural movement.
LUDWIG MIES VAN DER ROHE - WORK AND PHILOSOPHY Soumya Sharma
MAJOR WORKS OF AR. VAN DER ROHE, ARCHITECTURAL STYLES - MINIMALISM,MODERNISM,INTERNATIONAL STYLEMODERNISM,CHARACTER OF WORKS,MATERIALS USED IN HIS DESIGN / CONSTRUCTION, STUDY OF MAJOR WORKS - BARCELONA PAVILION , TUGENDHAT VILLA , FARNSWORTH HOUSE.
Theory Of Design - Louis Sullivan. Buildings covered in this presentation are - Auditorium Building (Chicago) , Wainwright Building, Carson Pierie Scott and company building, transportation building, louis sullivan bungalow ,
High-tech architecture, also known as Late Modernism or Structural Expressionism, is an architectural style that emerged in the 1970s, incorporating elements of high-tech industry and technology into building design.
High-tech architecture appeared as a revamped modernism , an extension of those previous ideas helped by even more technological advances.
This category serves as a bridge between modernism and post-modernism ; there remain gray areas as to where one category ends and the other begins. In the 1980s, high-tech architecture became more difficult to distinguish from post-modern architecture. Some of its ideas were later absorbed into the style of Neo-Futurism art and architectural movement.
LUDWIG MIES VAN DER ROHE - WORK AND PHILOSOPHY Soumya Sharma
MAJOR WORKS OF AR. VAN DER ROHE, ARCHITECTURAL STYLES - MINIMALISM,MODERNISM,INTERNATIONAL STYLEMODERNISM,CHARACTER OF WORKS,MATERIALS USED IN HIS DESIGN / CONSTRUCTION, STUDY OF MAJOR WORKS - BARCELONA PAVILION , TUGENDHAT VILLA , FARNSWORTH HOUSE.
Post-Modern Architecture and the architects involoved in it.Rohit Arora
Contains the comparison between modern architecture and post-modern architecture. The reasons that led to post-modern architecture. The architects who made important buildings with post-modern architecture.
modern, post-modern architects & their worksgarima23g
this presentation deals with the modern architecture- a few architects of modernist time and their famous works.
it also contains post-modern architecture and architects with their famous works.....!!
13 propositions of Post-Modernism by Charles JencksAnshuman Mishra
This presentation contains the 13 propositions that Charles Jencks had prepared, as a summary, to introduce his students at UCLA, to the topic of Post-Modernism. The Slides were prepared by-Shanya Gupta, Nitin Sahu, Anshuman Abhisek Mishra : 4th sem B. Arch students at SPA, Bhopal.
HISTORY OF ARCHITECTURE
"MODERN ARCHITECTURE"
Le Corbusier
Frank Lloyd Wright
Ludwig Mies van der Rohe
Walter Gropius
Louis Sullivan
C.R. Mackintosh
Edwin Lutyens
Antoni Gaudi
City hacking for urban circular production - The city is open source workshop...Lars Zimmermann
Slides for the introduction to the city hacking workshop on urban production in the open source circular city in Viersen Germany in September 2015 - - - More Info: http://thecityisopensource.de
The retail upgrade for Courvoisier, November 2011Miriam Rayman
As members of the Courvoisier Future 500 Jacob Strand and myself Miriam Rayman were commissioned to research the future of retail. These slides were for the launch of the document, a talk we gave in Autumn 2011 at London's Hospital Club. We first look at two broad and apposing typologies of future consumers and then detail the kinds of retail formats they will be demanding. Pretty fun and visionary I hope you will find.
Expressionism architecture final edidationYazid Hamoda
Expressionism architecture general introduction;with some detailed examples .
Al-Albayt University.
Facility of engineering
Department of Architecture.
Structuralism is a mode of thinking .pptxseyefeselasse
Structuralism is a mode of thinking and a method of analysis practiced in 20th-centurysocial sciences and humanities. Methodologically, it analyses large-scale systems by examining the relations and functions of the smallest constituent elements of such systems, which range from human languages and cultural practices to folktales and literary texts.
AP Art History - Early twentieth Century Art - Fauvism, expressionism, cubism, futurism, surrealism, dada, constructivism, DeStijl, Suprematism, International Style, Bauhaus, Prairie Style, Frida b
THE DIVERSE BEAUTY OF MATHILDENHÖHE: AN INSIGHT INTO AESTHETIC PHILOSOPHY AND...John1Lorcan
This article aims to look at the World Heritage Site from the perspective of curatorial studies and aesthetic
philosophy. The Darmstadt Artists' Colony made an enormous contribution to art and formed a bridge
between the British Arts & Crafts movement and the German Association of Craftsmen, which eventually
led to the Bauhaus movement. The last Grand Duke of Hesse and the Rhine was not only a patron who
founded this Artists' Colony, but also a prominent curator together with the Austrian architect and one of
the founders of the Vienna Secession, Joseph Maria Olbrich. Together they combined economic
development with artistic innovation. The establishment of the Darmstadt Artists' Colony was a sensation
in the art world. Itmarked the beginning of the 20th century, turning everyday life into an aesthetic
experience.
Exploiting Artificial Intelligence for Empowering Researchers and Faculty, In...Dr. Vinod Kumar Kanvaria
Exploiting Artificial Intelligence for Empowering Researchers and Faculty,
International FDP on Fundamentals of Research in Social Sciences
at Integral University, Lucknow, 06.06.2024
By Dr. Vinod Kumar Kanvaria
Francesca Gottschalk - How can education support child empowerment.pptxEduSkills OECD
Francesca Gottschalk from the OECD’s Centre for Educational Research and Innovation presents at the Ask an Expert Webinar: How can education support child empowerment?
Safalta Digital marketing institute in Noida, provide complete applications that encompass a huge range of virtual advertising and marketing additives, which includes search engine optimization, virtual communication advertising, pay-per-click on marketing, content material advertising, internet analytics, and greater. These university courses are designed for students who possess a comprehensive understanding of virtual marketing strategies and attributes.Safalta Digital Marketing Institute in Noida is a first choice for young individuals or students who are looking to start their careers in the field of digital advertising. The institute gives specialized courses designed and certification.
for beginners, providing thorough training in areas such as SEO, digital communication marketing, and PPC training in Noida. After finishing the program, students receive the certifications recognised by top different universitie, setting a strong foundation for a successful career in digital marketing.
Read| The latest issue of The Challenger is here! We are thrilled to announce that our school paper has qualified for the NATIONAL SCHOOLS PRESS CONFERENCE (NSPC) 2024. Thank you for your unwavering support and trust. Dive into the stories that made us stand out!
The French Revolution, which began in 1789, was a period of radical social and political upheaval in France. It marked the decline of absolute monarchies, the rise of secular and democratic republics, and the eventual rise of Napoleon Bonaparte. This revolutionary period is crucial in understanding the transition from feudalism to modernity in Europe.
For more information, visit-www.vavaclasses.com
Operation “Blue Star” is the only event in the history of Independent India where the state went into war with its own people. Even after about 40 years it is not clear if it was culmination of states anger over people of the region, a political game of power or start of dictatorial chapter in the democratic setup.
The people of Punjab felt alienated from main stream due to denial of their just demands during a long democratic struggle since independence. As it happen all over the word, it led to militant struggle with great loss of lives of military, police and civilian personnel. Killing of Indira Gandhi and massacre of innocent Sikhs in Delhi and other India cities was also associated with this movement.
2024.06.01 Introducing a competency framework for languag learning materials ...Sandy Millin
http://sandymillin.wordpress.com/iateflwebinar2024
Published classroom materials form the basis of syllabuses, drive teacher professional development, and have a potentially huge influence on learners, teachers and education systems. All teachers also create their own materials, whether a few sentences on a blackboard, a highly-structured fully-realised online course, or anything in between. Despite this, the knowledge and skills needed to create effective language learning materials are rarely part of teacher training, and are mostly learnt by trial and error.
Knowledge and skills frameworks, generally called competency frameworks, for ELT teachers, trainers and managers have existed for a few years now. However, until I created one for my MA dissertation, there wasn’t one drawing together what we need to know and do to be able to effectively produce language learning materials.
This webinar will introduce you to my framework, highlighting the key competencies I identified from my research. It will also show how anybody involved in language teaching (any language, not just English!), teacher training, managing schools or developing language learning materials can benefit from using the framework.
Normal Labour/ Stages of Labour/ Mechanism of LabourWasim Ak
Normal labor is also termed spontaneous labor, defined as the natural physiological process through which the fetus, placenta, and membranes are expelled from the uterus through the birth canal at term (37 to 42 weeks
Biological screening of herbal drugs: Introduction and Need for
Phyto-Pharmacological Screening, New Strategies for evaluating
Natural Products, In vitro evaluation techniques for Antioxidants, Antimicrobial and Anticancer drugs. In vivo evaluation techniques
for Anti-inflammatory, Antiulcer, Anticancer, Wound healing, Antidiabetic, Hepatoprotective, Cardio protective, Diuretics and
Antifertility, Toxicity studies as per OECD guidelines
June 3, 2024 Anti-Semitism Letter Sent to MIT President Kornbluth and MIT Cor...Levi Shapiro
Letter from the Congress of the United States regarding Anti-Semitism sent June 3rd to MIT President Sally Kornbluth, MIT Corp Chair, Mark Gorenberg
Dear Dr. Kornbluth and Mr. Gorenberg,
The US House of Representatives is deeply concerned by ongoing and pervasive acts of antisemitic
harassment and intimidation at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT). Failing to act decisively to ensure a safe learning environment for all students would be a grave dereliction of your responsibilities as President of MIT and Chair of the MIT Corporation.
This Congress will not stand idly by and allow an environment hostile to Jewish students to persist. The House believes that your institution is in violation of Title VI of the Civil Rights Act, and the inability or
unwillingness to rectify this violation through action requires accountability.
Postsecondary education is a unique opportunity for students to learn and have their ideas and beliefs challenged. However, universities receiving hundreds of millions of federal funds annually have denied
students that opportunity and have been hijacked to become venues for the promotion of terrorism, antisemitic harassment and intimidation, unlawful encampments, and in some cases, assaults and riots.
The House of Representatives will not countenance the use of federal funds to indoctrinate students into hateful, antisemitic, anti-American supporters of terrorism. Investigations into campus antisemitism by the Committee on Education and the Workforce and the Committee on Ways and Means have been expanded into a Congress-wide probe across all relevant jurisdictions to address this national crisis. The undersigned Committees will conduct oversight into the use of federal funds at MIT and its learning environment under authorities granted to each Committee.
• The Committee on Education and the Workforce has been investigating your institution since December 7, 2023. The Committee has broad jurisdiction over postsecondary education, including its compliance with Title VI of the Civil Rights Act, campus safety concerns over disruptions to the learning environment, and the awarding of federal student aid under the Higher Education Act.
• The Committee on Oversight and Accountability is investigating the sources of funding and other support flowing to groups espousing pro-Hamas propaganda and engaged in antisemitic harassment and intimidation of students. The Committee on Oversight and Accountability is the principal oversight committee of the US House of Representatives and has broad authority to investigate “any matter” at “any time” under House Rule X.
• The Committee on Ways and Means has been investigating several universities since November 15, 2023, when the Committee held a hearing entitled From Ivory Towers to Dark Corners: Investigating the Nexus Between Antisemitism, Tax-Exempt Universities, and Terror Financing. The Committee followed the hearing with letters to those institutions on January 10, 202
Acetabularia Information For Class 9 .docxvaibhavrinwa19
Acetabularia acetabulum is a single-celled green alga that in its vegetative state is morphologically differentiated into a basal rhizoid and an axially elongated stalk, which bears whorls of branching hairs. The single diploid nucleus resides in the rhizoid.
Unit 8 - Information and Communication Technology (Paper I).pdfThiyagu K
This slides describes the basic concepts of ICT, basics of Email, Emerging Technology and Digital Initiatives in Education. This presentations aligns with the UGC Paper I syllabus.
1. Jordan University of Science and Technology
College of Architecture and Design / Department of Architecture
Arch. 331 Modern Architecture
Instructor: Dr. Raed Al Tal
Summer 2012
The Development of Modernist Architecture
The Early 20th Century
2. The decisive changes that marked the 19th
century:
- Industrialization
- Urbanization
- and, the growth of nationalism and urbanism
3. These changes promoted both elation and anxiety.
The combination of euphoria and alienation that was
the hallmark of the European culture carried through
the next decade
During the first half of the 20th century, the rampant
industrialization matured into international industrial
capitalism, which fueled the rise of consumer
economies
4. Momentous historical events that exacerbated this rather
schizophrenic attitudes:
- World War I
- The Great Depression
- The rise of dictatorship
- World War II
Art and architecture manifested the same conflicted mind
set through the stark contrast of the lofty utopian vision of
artistic groups such as the Bauhaus and De Stijl
5. 20th Century intellectual Developments
New way of thinking including in a wide variety of fields
including science, technology economics and politics
emerged.
These new ideas forced people to revise radically how
they understood their worlds.
Thus, the intellectuals countered 18th and 19th century
assumptions about progress and reason with ideas
challenging traditional notions about the physical
universe, the structure of society and human nature.
6. Modernist artists and architects often acknowledged
the new discoveries and shifting theoretical bases in
their work. Accordingly, much of the history of early
20th century art and architecture is a history of
radical rejection – the rejection of traditional
limitations and definitions both in art, architecture
and the universe .
7. Examples:
Challenging Newtonian Physics: For Isaac Newton the
universe is a huge machine consisting of time, space and
matter. The early twentieth century witnessed an
astounding burst of scientific activities challenging this
model of universe, particularly noteworthy the work of
Albert Eintstien (1879-1955).
In his theory of relativity, he argued that time and space
are not absolute, as postulated in Newtonian physics.
Rather, Eintstein explained, time and space are relative to
the observer and linked with what he called a four
dimensional space continuum. He concluded that matter,
rather than a solid, tangible reality, was actually another
form of energy.
8. Mind over Matter
In the field of thought- philosophy, psychology, and
economic theory – significant challenges to the primacy
of reason and objective reality emerged.
Friedrich Nietzsche (1844- 1900), a German intellectual,
rejected the rational. He argued that Western society
was decadent and incapable of any creativity precisely
because of its extensive reliance on reason at the
expense of emotion and passion
9. Sigmund Freud (1856-1939). He developed the
fundamental principles for what became known
psychoanalysis. And dream analysis “The
Interpretations of Dreams.”
Unconscious conflicts – oppression and creativity
Carl Jung (1875-1961) – personal unconscious and
collective unconscious
Original models and mental constructions
10. De Stijl
A movement established in Holland by a group of
young artists in 1917 and began publishing a
magazine, calling both the movement and the
magazine De Stijl (The Style).
The group was co-founded by the painters Peit
Monderian (1872- 1944) (Theosophy ) and Theo van
Doesburg (1883- 1931)
In addition to promoting utopian ideals, group
members believed in the birth of the new age after the
World War I.
spiritual harmony and order
11. Cool, elegant, rational - Mondrian's horizontals and verticals, his squares
and grids show again and again an artist committed to exploring the
parameters of perception and meaning.
From naturalism to Cubism, to the arrival at a grammar of almost total
abstraction, Mondrian is rightly represented as a essential figure in the
unfolding story of Modernism.
12. 'All the time I'm driven to the spiritual,' he explained.
'Through Theosophy I became aware that art could provide
a transition to the finer regions, which I will call the spiritual
realm.'
13. They felt it was a time to balance between individual
and universal values, when the machine would assure
ease of living. In their first manifesto of De Stijl, they
declared:
“There is an old and a new consciousness of the age.
The old one is directed toward the individual. The new
one is directed to the universal.”
14. They advocated pure abstraction and universality
by a reduction to the essentials of form and colour;
they simplified visual compositions to the vertical
and horizontal directions,
and used only primary colours along with black and
white.
it did not follow the general guidelines of an “ism”
(Cubism, Futurism, Surrealism),
15.
16. This composition, from 1922, is an example of
“neoplasticism” with three primary colors and two
pictorial orientations. The elements are placed in
asymmetrical order and dynamic equilibrium. The
complementary equilibrium allows Mondrian to
archive an “unbalanced equilibrium”.
17.
18.
19.
20.
21. De Stijl Style in Space
Some architects based their designs on Mondarian’s and
De Stijl ideas
Best example is:
The Schroder House in the Netherland , 1924
Designer : Gerrit Thomas Rietveld (1888-1964)
Reitveld came to the group of the De Stijl as a cabinetmaker
and made De Stijl furnishings throughout his career.
22. His architecture carries the same spirit into a larger
integrated whole and perfectly expresses van Doesburg’s
definition of De Stijl architecture:
The new architecture is anti-cubic, i.e, it does not
strive to contain the different functional space sells in a
single closed cube, but it throws the functional space (as
well as canopy planes, balcony volumes, etc.) out from the
centre of the cube, so that height, width, and depth plus
time become a completely new plastic expression in open
spaces…. The plastic architect…. Has no construct in the
new field, time-space
23. "...We didn't avoid older styles because they were ugly, or because
we couldn't reproduce them, but because our own times demanded
their own form, I mean, their own manifestation. It was of course
extremely difficult to achieve all this in spite of the building regulations
and that's why the interior of the downstairs part of the house is
somewhat traditional, I mean with fixed walls. But upstairs we simply
called it and 'attic' and that's where we actually made the house we
wanted."
—Gerrit Rietveld. from Paul Overy, Lenneke Bںller, Frank den Oudsten,
Bertus Mulder. The Rietveld Schroder House. p73
24. The Schroder House in the Netherland , 1924
Designer : Gerrit Thomas Rietveld (1888-1964)
28. The foundations and the balconies were the only parts of the building that were
made out of concrete.
The walls were made of brick and plaster.
The window frames and doors were made from wood as well as the floors, which
were supported by wooden beams. To support the building, steel girders with wire
mesh were used.
29. This was the first modern, open-plan house.
Upstairs, it has one large space that can be divided
by screens. The colors of the facade emphasis the
structure and relate it to work by the Dutch abstract
painter Piet Mondrian.
The main living rooms are on the second floor, with
more private rooms on the ground floors
30. The main living rooms are on the second floor, with
more private rooms on the ground floors
Exterior free floating walls
Rectangular planes seem to slide across each
others making this structure a kind of three
dimensional projection of the rigid but carefully
proportioned flat planes in Monderian’s paintings.
31.
32.
33.
34. Inside there is no static accumulation of rooms, but a dynamic,
changeable open zone.
35.
36. Mrs Schröder, however, felt that as living space it should be usable
in either form, open or subdivided.
This was achieved with a system of sliding and revolving panels.
44. The Bauhaus
Walter Gropius (1883-1969)
Developed in Germany a particular vision of “total
architecture”
Walter Gropius, Scope of Total Architecture, 1956
He made this concept the foundation of his work and
a work of generation of pupils under his influence at
a school called the Bauhaus
1919 Gropius was appointed as the director of the
Weimer School of Arts and Crafts in Germany.
Gropius renamed it into Staatliche Baushaus roughly
( State School of Building) and refer to it as Bauhaus
45. Gropius developed an extensive curriculum based
on certain principles:
First, the importance of strong basic design
(including principles of composition, two and three
dimensionality, and color theory), and
craftsmanship as fundamental to good art and
architecture; to achieve this integration of art and
craft, both art and craft, both a technical instructor
and a “teacher of form- an artist – taught in each
department
46. Second, Gropius promoted the unity of art,
architecture, and design.
He said: “Architects, painters, and sculptors must
recognize a new composite character of a building
as entity.”
47. Third, Gropius emphasized thorough knowledge of
machine age technologies and materials. He felt that
to produce truly successful designs, the artist-
architect-craft person had to understand industry
and mass production – synthesis between design
and production
48. Bauhaus like De Stijl was found on utopian principles
“Together let us conceive and create new building of the
future, which will embrace architecture and sculpture and
painting in one unity and which will rise one day toward
heaven from the hands of a million workers like a crystal
symbol of the a new faith.”
49. Gropius listed the Bauhaus’ goals clearly:
- A decidedly positive attitude to the living environment
of vehicles and machines
- The organic shaping of things in an accordance with
their own current laws avoiding all romantic
embellishment and whimsy
- Restriction of basic forms and colors to what a typical
and universally intelligible
- Simplicity in complexity, economy in the use of space,
materials , time, and money.
85. Marcel Breuer, Chair Tubular
steel has lots of qualities;
it is affordable for the masses,
avant-gard and progressive thought
hygienic and provides comfort without the need for springs
to be introduced.
Leather or cloth support
Breuer considered all of his designs to be essential for
modern living.
Artistic , practical and social, perfect for the mass production
88. In 1928, Gropius left the Bauhaus and architect Ludwig
Mies Van Der Rohe (1886-1969) took the directorship of
the Bauhaus, moving the school to Berlin
His motto is “ Less is More” - the International Style –
calling his architecture “ skin and bones”
Example ; his glass model for a skyscraper, 1922
90. -three irregularly shaped towers flow outward from
a central court designed to hold a lobby
-wholly transparent
-The primer walls reveal the regular horizontal
pattering of the cantilevered floor planes and their
thin vertical supporting elements
-The bold use of glass sheathing