Malignant ascites, an abnormal accumulation of fluid in the abdominal cavity, is commonly associated with cancers like ovarian cancer, gastrointestinal cancers, and breast cancer. It develops due to mechanical obstruction of lymphatic drainage by tumors and increased vascular permeability caused by cytokines. Diagnosis involves abdominal ultrasound or CT scan followed by diagnostic paracentesis of the fluid to examine for malignant cells. Treatment options include dietary salt restriction, diuretics, repeated paracentesis, indwelling catheters, peritoneovenous shunting, and intraperitoneal chemotherapy.
Overview about evolution of the term Oligometastases,the paradigm and various states of oligometastases,treat options ,clinical trials and relevance in current clinical practice
Overview about evolution of the term Oligometastases,the paradigm and various states of oligometastases,treat options ,clinical trials and relevance in current clinical practice
A simplified description of ascitic fluid analysis. Aim of the presentation is to give a very clear understanding about the analysis of ascities.
Presentation will help the medical residents diagnose the cause of fluid accumulation in abdomen and thus will guide to adopt the appropriate pathway to solve the issue.
Liver Tumors and Hepatocellular carcinoma supported by Hepatoblastoma. Most of the text are from Robbins Pathological basis of disease 9E, Goljan Review of pathology.
By Dr. Usama Ragab, Zagazig Faculty of Medicine
PSC incidence ranges from 0.5 to 1.25 cases/100 000.
The prevalence of the disease ranges between six and 20 cases/100 000.
Men are more likely to be affected (70%).
Prevalence of PSC may be increased in first degree relatives of PSC patients
All you need to know about peri-ampullary cancer
Periampullary cancer is a common diagnosis with patient with progressive jaundice in northern part of India
Timely diagnosis and proper treatment in a way towards cure
ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE IN HEALTHCARE.pdfAnujkumaranit
Artificial intelligence (AI) refers to the simulation of human intelligence processes by machines, especially computer systems. It encompasses tasks such as learning, reasoning, problem-solving, perception, and language understanding. AI technologies are revolutionizing various fields, from healthcare to finance, by enabling machines to perform tasks that typically require human intelligence.
Couples presenting to the infertility clinic- Do they really have infertility...Sujoy Dasgupta
Dr Sujoy Dasgupta presented the study on "Couples presenting to the infertility clinic- Do they really have infertility? – The unexplored stories of non-consummation" in the 13th Congress of the Asia Pacific Initiative on Reproduction (ASPIRE 2024) at Manila on 24 May, 2024.
These lecture slides, by Dr Sidra Arshad, offer a quick overview of physiological basis of a normal electrocardiogram.
Learning objectives:
1. Define an electrocardiogram (ECG) and electrocardiography
2. Describe how dipoles generated by the heart produce the waveforms of the ECG
3. Describe the components of a normal electrocardiogram of a typical bipolar leads (limb II)
4. Differentiate between intervals and segments
5. Enlist some common indications for obtaining an ECG
Study Resources:
1. Chapter 11, Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology, 14th edition
2. Chapter 9, Human Physiology - From Cells to Systems, Lauralee Sherwood, 9th edition
3. Chapter 29, Ganong’s Review of Medical Physiology, 26th edition
4. Electrocardiogram, StatPearls - https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK549803/
5. ECG in Medical Practice by ABM Abdullah, 4th edition
6. ECG Basics, http://www.nataliescasebook.com/tag/e-c-g-basics
Prix Galien International 2024 Forum ProgramLevi Shapiro
June 20, 2024, Prix Galien International and Jerusalem Ethics Forum in ROME. Detailed agenda including panels:
- ADVANCES IN CARDIOLOGY: A NEW PARADIGM IS COMING
- WOMEN’S HEALTH: FERTILITY PRESERVATION
- WHAT’S NEW IN THE TREATMENT OF INFECTIOUS,
ONCOLOGICAL AND INFLAMMATORY SKIN DISEASES?
- ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE AND ETHICS
- GENE THERAPY
- BEYOND BORDERS: GLOBAL INITIATIVES FOR DEMOCRATIZING LIFE SCIENCE TECHNOLOGIES AND PROMOTING ACCESS TO HEALTHCARE
- ETHICAL CHALLENGES IN LIFE SCIENCES
- Prix Galien International Awards Ceremony
These simplified slides by Dr. Sidra Arshad present an overview of the non-respiratory functions of the respiratory tract.
Learning objectives:
1. Enlist the non-respiratory functions of the respiratory tract
2. Briefly explain how these functions are carried out
3. Discuss the significance of dead space
4. Differentiate between minute ventilation and alveolar ventilation
5. Describe the cough and sneeze reflexes
Study Resources:
1. Chapter 39, Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology, 14th edition
2. Chapter 34, Ganong’s Review of Medical Physiology, 26th edition
3. Chapter 17, Human Physiology by Lauralee Sherwood, 9th edition
4. Non-respiratory functions of the lungs https://academic.oup.com/bjaed/article/13/3/98/278874
Title: Sense of Smell
Presenter: Dr. Faiza, Assistant Professor of Physiology
Qualifications:
MBBS (Best Graduate, AIMC Lahore)
FCPS Physiology
ICMT, CHPE, DHPE (STMU)
MPH (GC University, Faisalabad)
MBA (Virtual University of Pakistan)
Learning Objectives:
Describe the primary categories of smells and the concept of odor blindness.
Explain the structure and location of the olfactory membrane and mucosa, including the types and roles of cells involved in olfaction.
Describe the pathway and mechanisms of olfactory signal transmission from the olfactory receptors to the brain.
Illustrate the biochemical cascade triggered by odorant binding to olfactory receptors, including the role of G-proteins and second messengers in generating an action potential.
Identify different types of olfactory disorders such as anosmia, hyposmia, hyperosmia, and dysosmia, including their potential causes.
Key Topics:
Olfactory Genes:
3% of the human genome accounts for olfactory genes.
400 genes for odorant receptors.
Olfactory Membrane:
Located in the superior part of the nasal cavity.
Medially: Folds downward along the superior septum.
Laterally: Folds over the superior turbinate and upper surface of the middle turbinate.
Total surface area: 5-10 square centimeters.
Olfactory Mucosa:
Olfactory Cells: Bipolar nerve cells derived from the CNS (100 million), with 4-25 olfactory cilia per cell.
Sustentacular Cells: Produce mucus and maintain ionic and molecular environment.
Basal Cells: Replace worn-out olfactory cells with an average lifespan of 1-2 months.
Bowman’s Gland: Secretes mucus.
Stimulation of Olfactory Cells:
Odorant dissolves in mucus and attaches to receptors on olfactory cilia.
Involves a cascade effect through G-proteins and second messengers, leading to depolarization and action potential generation in the olfactory nerve.
Quality of a Good Odorant:
Small (3-20 Carbon atoms), volatile, water-soluble, and lipid-soluble.
Facilitated by odorant-binding proteins in mucus.
Membrane Potential and Action Potential:
Resting membrane potential: -55mV.
Action potential frequency in the olfactory nerve increases with odorant strength.
Adaptation Towards the Sense of Smell:
Rapid adaptation within the first second, with further slow adaptation.
Psychological adaptation greater than receptor adaptation, involving feedback inhibition from the central nervous system.
Primary Sensations of Smell:
Camphoraceous, Musky, Floral, Pepperminty, Ethereal, Pungent, Putrid.
Odor Detection Threshold:
Examples: Hydrogen sulfide (0.0005 ppm), Methyl-mercaptan (0.002 ppm).
Some toxic substances are odorless at lethal concentrations.
Characteristics of Smell:
Odor blindness for single substances due to lack of appropriate receptor protein.
Behavioral and emotional influences of smell.
Transmission of Olfactory Signals:
From olfactory cells to glomeruli in the olfactory bulb, involving lateral inhibition.
Primitive, less old, and new olfactory systems with different path
Lung Cancer: Artificial Intelligence, Synergetics, Complex System Analysis, S...Oleg Kshivets
RESULTS: Overall life span (LS) was 2252.1±1742.5 days and cumulative 5-year survival (5YS) reached 73.2%, 10 years – 64.8%, 20 years – 42.5%. 513 LCP lived more than 5 years (LS=3124.6±1525.6 days), 148 LCP – more than 10 years (LS=5054.4±1504.1 days).199 LCP died because of LC (LS=562.7±374.5 days). 5YS of LCP after bi/lobectomies was significantly superior in comparison with LCP after pneumonectomies (78.1% vs.63.7%, P=0.00001 by log-rank test). AT significantly improved 5YS (66.3% vs. 34.8%) (P=0.00000 by log-rank test) only for LCP with N1-2. Cox modeling displayed that 5YS of LCP significantly depended on: phase transition (PT) early-invasive LC in terms of synergetics, PT N0—N12, cell ratio factors (ratio between cancer cells- CC and blood cells subpopulations), G1-3, histology, glucose, AT, blood cell circuit, prothrombin index, heparin tolerance, recalcification time (P=0.000-0.038). Neural networks, genetic algorithm selection and bootstrap simulation revealed relationships between 5YS and PT early-invasive LC (rank=1), PT N0—N12 (rank=2), thrombocytes/CC (3), erythrocytes/CC (4), eosinophils/CC (5), healthy cells/CC (6), lymphocytes/CC (7), segmented neutrophils/CC (8), stick neutrophils/CC (9), monocytes/CC (10); leucocytes/CC (11). Correct prediction of 5YS was 100% by neural networks computing (area under ROC curve=1.0; error=0.0).
CONCLUSIONS: 5YS of LCP after radical procedures significantly depended on: 1) PT early-invasive cancer; 2) PT N0--N12; 3) cell ratio factors; 4) blood cell circuit; 5) biochemical factors; 6) hemostasis system; 7) AT; 8) LC characteristics; 9) LC cell dynamics; 10) surgery type: lobectomy/pneumonectomy; 11) anthropometric data. Optimal diagnosis and treatment strategies for LC are: 1) screening and early detection of LC; 2) availability of experienced thoracic surgeons because of complexity of radical procedures; 3) aggressive en block surgery and adequate lymph node dissection for completeness; 4) precise prediction; 5) adjuvant chemoimmunoradiotherapy for LCP with unfavorable prognosis.
Tom Selleck Health: A Comprehensive Look at the Iconic Actor’s Wellness Journeygreendigital
Tom Selleck, an enduring figure in Hollywood. has captivated audiences for decades with his rugged charm, iconic moustache. and memorable roles in television and film. From his breakout role as Thomas Magnum in Magnum P.I. to his current portrayal of Frank Reagan in Blue Bloods. Selleck's career has spanned over 50 years. But beyond his professional achievements. fans have often been curious about Tom Selleck Health. especially as he has aged in the public eye.
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Introduction
Many have been interested in Tom Selleck health. not only because of his enduring presence on screen but also because of the challenges. and lifestyle choices he has faced and made over the years. This article delves into the various aspects of Tom Selleck health. exploring his fitness regimen, diet, mental health. and the challenges he has encountered as he ages. We'll look at how he maintains his well-being. the health issues he has faced, and his approach to ageing .
Early Life and Career
Childhood and Athletic Beginnings
Tom Selleck was born on January 29, 1945, in Detroit, Michigan, and grew up in Sherman Oaks, California. From an early age, he was involved in sports, particularly basketball. which played a significant role in his physical development. His athletic pursuits continued into college. where he attended the University of Southern California (USC) on a basketball scholarship. This early involvement in sports laid a strong foundation for his physical health and disciplined lifestyle.
Transition to Acting
Selleck's transition from an athlete to an actor came with its physical demands. His first significant role in "Magnum P.I." required him to perform various stunts and maintain a fit appearance. This role, which he played from 1980 to 1988. necessitated a rigorous fitness routine to meet the show's demands. setting the stage for his long-term commitment to health and wellness.
Fitness Regimen
Workout Routine
Tom Selleck health and fitness regimen has evolved. adapting to his changing roles and age. During his "Magnum, P.I." days. Selleck's workouts were intense and focused on building and maintaining muscle mass. His routine included weightlifting, cardiovascular exercises. and specific training for the stunts he performed on the show.
Selleck adjusted his fitness routine as he aged to suit his body's needs. Today, his workouts focus on maintaining flexibility, strength, and cardiovascular health. He incorporates low-impact exercises such as swimming, walking, and light weightlifting. This balanced approach helps him stay fit without putting undue strain on his joints and muscles.
Importance of Flexibility and Mobility
In recent years, Selleck has emphasized the importance of flexibility and mobility in his fitness regimen. Understanding the natural decline in muscle mass and joint flexibility with age. he includes stretching and yoga in his routine. These practices help prevent injuries, improve posture, and maintain mobilit
Explore natural remedies for syphilis treatment in Singapore. Discover alternative therapies, herbal remedies, and lifestyle changes that may complement conventional treatments. Learn about holistic approaches to managing syphilis symptoms and supporting overall health.
Pulmonary Thromboembolism - etilogy, types, medical- Surgical and nursing man...VarunMahajani
Disruption of blood supply to lung alveoli due to blockage of one or more pulmonary blood vessels is called as Pulmonary thromboembolism. In this presentation we will discuss its causes, types and its management in depth.
micro teaching on communication m.sc nursing.pdfAnurag Sharma
Microteaching is a unique model of practice teaching. It is a viable instrument for the. desired change in the teaching behavior or the behavior potential which, in specified types of real. classroom situations, tends to facilitate the achievement of specified types of objectives.
The POPPY STUDY (Preconception to post-partum cardiovascular function in prim...
Malignant ascites dr. varun
1.
2. Malignant ascites (abnormal accumulation of fluid in the
peritoneal cavity ) is a manifestation of end stage
events in a variety of cancers and associated with
significant morbidity.
Itsonset and progression is associated with
deterioration in quality of life (QoL) and a poor
prognosis.
3. The malignancies most
commonly associated
with malignant ascites
include
1. gynecologic
malignancies,
2. gastrointestinal
malignancies,
3. breast cancer and
4. carcinoma of
unknown primary.
Among the
gynecologic
malignancies, ovarian
carcinoma
predominates.
4. It has been considered pathognomonic for the
diffuse implantation throughout the peritoneal
cavity.
But the actual tumor burden and location of
the disease can vary quite dramatically.
5. In patients with malignancy-related ascites
only 2/3 - have peritoneal carcinomatosis.
remaining 1/3 - nonmalignant causes e.g
secondary to portal hypertension or lymphatic
obstruction.
as in cases of massive liver metastases or
lymphoma, respectively.
6. Differentiation
between neoplastic and
nonneoplastic causes of ascites can be challenging.
indistinguishable by physical examination and
radiographic appearance
Unlessassociated with overt evidence of peritoneal
carcinomatosis
7.
8. Not completely understood
Mechanical:obstruction of lymphatic
drainage due to tumor growth
Cytokines: protein production causing
increased vascular permeability leading to
excess fluid accumulation (i.e. VEGF)
Hormonal: decreased removal of fluids due
to lymphatic obstruction –reduced circulating
blood volume –activation of renin-angiotensin
system –sodium & fluid retention
12. Ultrasoundor CT likely required to demonstrate
small volumes of free peritoneal fluid
Diagnostic
paracentesis to determine type of ascites
with newly diagnosed cases
Identifyingetiology is essential to determining
interventions required
13. Visual inspection
Grossly bloody fluid –malignancy.
Cloudy fluid suggests infection.
Milky fluid suggests chylous ascites – often
associated with malignancy, especially
lymphoma.
Chemical analysis of ascitic fluid
transudate and exudate - Division has not
proven to be beneficial for malignant ascites.
test useful for distinguishing malignant from
cirrhotic causes of ascites is the serum-to-
ascites albumin gradient.
14. Serum to ascites albumin gradient
≥1.1 g/dL - portal hypertension with 97% accuracy,
whereas a lower gradient indicates a lack of PHT and
possibly the presence of a malignancy
Cytology
presence of malignant cells - specificity 100%.
gold standard for the diagnosis.
The sensitivity of cytology is only 60%, as not all tumors
shed cells into the peritoneum.
Patients with ascites due to advanced hepatocellular
cancer, massive liver metastases, and lymphoma have
uniformly negative cytology.
Immunohistochemistry
can help distinguish cancer cells from nonmalignant
cells such as mesenchymal cells.
have not replaced cytology as the gold standard for the
diagnosis of malignant ascites.
15. Other tests which can be done
To differentiate between malignant versus
nonmalignant ascites,
sialic acid levels,
improvement in the sensitivity and
HCG-β levels,
specificity for the diagnosis of
VEGF levels, malignant ascites, but not
recommended for routine clinical
telomerase activity, use.
fibronectin, and
cholesterol levels.
To link the presence of ascites with an underlying
primary malignancy
CA 125,
CEA and Added benefit is unclear
CA 19-9
16. Inspite of investigations, among patients diagnosed
with malignant ascites, 20% will have tumors of
unknown primary origin
Advances in imaging and immunocytochemical
analysis, will continue to influence a decline in the
number of cases of malignant ascites associated with
carcinoma of unknown primary.
Laparoscopy and biopsy - a safe and minimally
invasive techniques to help establish primary tumor
diagnosis ,
esp. in women with good performance status who have no
apparent cause for ascites.
17. Thepresence of malignant ascites has a strong
negative prognostic import,
different for different malignancies.
Oneretrospective study reviewed experience
with malignant ascites over 10 years.
The gastrointestinal malignancies associated with the
poorest prognosis
gastric carcinoma (median survival of 1.4 months),
pancreatic cancer (median survival of 1.4 months) and
colon cancer (median survival of 3.7 months).
Ascites of ovarian origin has a better median survival
than all other cancer groups.
Ayantunde AA, Parsons SL. Ann Oncol.2007;18(5):945–949.
18. otherprognostic factors especially
in the nonovarian cancer groups
low serum albumin,
liver metastases, and
elevated serum bilirubin.
Parsons SL, Lang MW, Steele RJC. Eur J Surg Oncol.
1996;22(3):237–239.
Mackey JR, Venner PM. Can J Oncol. 1996;6(2):474–480.
19. Dietary
Dietary salt restriction (2 g salt or 88 mmol Na+/d)
should be initiated
Routine water restriction is not necessary.
Ifdilutional hyponatremia (serum Na+ <120 mmol/L)
occurs, fluid restriction to 1,000-1,500 mL/d usual
20. DIURETICS
There is a lack of randomized trials to assess the
efficacy of diuretics in malignant ascites.
Uncontrolledtrials show an average response
rate of 44% when diuretics are used.
21. Spironolactone100-400mg/day
Furosemide 40-120mg/day
Responses have been identified in those with
increased renin values,
massive liver metastases as well as
elevated SAAG.
The goal of diuretic therapy should be a daily weight
loss of
≤1.0 kg in patients with edema
~0.5 kg in those without edema until ascites is adequately
controlled.
22. Paracentesis can result in rapid symptom control
in 90% of patients.
no agreement on the optimal rate of fluid
removal
large volume paracentesis (up to 5 L ) can be
performed without complication like renal
impairment and hypotension which are well
documented in the nonmalignant liver disease
population.
McNamara P. Palliat Med. 2000;14(1):62–64.
Stephenson J, Gilbert J. Palliat Med.2002;16(3):213.
23. Paracentesiscan be done safely in the
presence of coagulopathy.
• Runyon BA. Hepatology. 1998;27(1):264–272.
There is no evidence for benefit with the use
of albumin infusions for patients with
malignant ascites after large volume
paracentesis.
• Salerno F, et al. J Hepatol. 1987;5(1):102.
24. Hypovolemia after large volume paracentesis,
hypotension
electrolyte imbalance,
visceral or vascular injury
Infection and rarely,
Pulmonary embolization.
Hypoalbuminemia with repeated paracentesis.
25. In an effort to minimize these complications
and to provide greater patient comfort,
indwelling percutaneous catheters, such as the
Pleurx catheter (Denver Biomedical, Denver,
Colorado), were developed to provide long-
term access for repeated external drainage.
These catheters can be managed at home
with drainage performed as needed for
comfort.
26. TheLaveen shunt ,The Denver
Shunt
Both shunts direct ascitic fluid into
the vena cava through a one-way
valve.
Palliatesymptoms in 70% of
patients.
Complications include
shunt occlusion,
bleeding,
fever - True fever associated with
shunting is transient
infection,
cardiopulmonary compromise,
hepatic encephalopathy and
DIC.
27. Contraindications to peritoneovenous shunt
fulminant hepatic failure
DIC
Ascites with +ve cytology
haemorrhagic ascites increased risk for shunt block
chylous ascites,
loculated ascites ,
cardiac, pulmonary, or renal insufficiency,
life expectancy less than a month.
Shunt block occurs more often in the patients with
positive cytology
The shunt tends to function longer in the patient
with cytologically negative fluid
28. Parsons and associates demonstrated no
survival or quality-of-life advantage when
peritoneovenous shunting was compared with
repeated paracentesis.
Parsons SL et al. Eur J Surg Oncol. 1996;22(3):237–239.
Shunts may not be an optimal option in
patients with gastrointestinal malignancies,
as the response rates for symptom control
are inferior to those with ovarian and breast
cancer
• Adam RA, J Am Coll Surg. 2004;198(6):999–1011
29. high cytotoxic concentrations of active agents will
reach the abdominal cavity with minimum systemic
absorption and systemic toxicity
clinical
trials involving patients of ovarian
carcinoma have shown that intraperitoneal
chemotherapy can be superior to systemic
chemotherapy with regard to PFS and median OS.
Studies showed that the combination of a systemic
and an intraperitoneal chemotherapy was more
effective than an exclusively intravenous
treatment.
Deborah K. et al. N Engl J Med 2006; 354:34-43
30. Better
tolerated intraperitoneal drugs include cisplatin,
carboplatin, mitomycin C, 5fluorouracil, and
bleomycin.
With the exception of ovarian cancer, the
effectiveness of intraperitoneal administration of these
drugs is unclear due to lack of large randomized
clinical studies
Studieshave demonstrated benefits with cytoreductive
surgeries of intraperitoneal tumours followed by
intraperitoneal administration of chemotherapies
31. Yan et al. have reported favorable survival in
selected patients with colon cancer, appendiceal
cancer, and mesothelioma undergoing radical
tumor debulking and peritonectomy followed by
intraperitoneal chemotherapy.
Yan TD, Stuart OA, Yoo D, et al. J Transl Med 2006;4:17.
Others have reported the intraoperative use of
hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy
delivered via continuous infusion using a roller
pump and a heating element immediately after
cytoreductive surgery.
Experimental data have demonstrated that
hyperthermia can enhance the cytotoxicity of
intraperitoneal chemotherapy.
Although encouraging, this aggressive combined
approach should be reserved for selected patients
with malignant ascites.
32. OK-432 : A preparation from the Su-strain of
Streptococcus pyogenes.
Intraperitoneal OK-432 reported ascites
reduction in approximately 60% of patients.
Mechanism of action is not clear.
Mean survival for patients receiving this therapy
was 10.2 months compared to 3.1 months for a
control group.
33. Metalloproteinase inhibitors- Batimastat
hasbeen studied in early phase clinical trials of
patients with malignant ascites.
Ascites
prevention and reduction have been
reported, but larger trials are needed to define
the actual clinical benefit of these inhibitors.
Themajor adverse effect in the first 24 hours was
nausea and vomiting.
34. Anti-VEGF therapy
The use of inhibitors of the tyrosine kinase
activity of VEGF has been shown to inhibit
formation of ascites in cell lines and animal
models.
Unfortunately there have been are no human
studies at this time with this modality
35. Direct intraperitoneal administration of
cytokines including interferon-α,interleukin-
2, and tumor necrosis factor has been
reported with variable effectiveness in small
pilot studies.
Stuart GC, Nation JG, Snider DD, et al. Cancer 1993;71:2027.
Lissoni P, Barni S, Tancini G, et al. Support Care Cancer 1995;3:78.
Rath U, Kaufmann M, Schmid H, et al. Eur J Cancer 1991;27:121.
36. cellular
adhesion molecules are
overexpressed in several malignancies
One cellular adhesion protein called
epithelial cell adhesion molecule (EpCAM)
EpCAM is a significant tumor antigen because
its overexpression has been observed in a
majority of carcinomas including ovarian
cancer, breast cancer, prostate cancer, and
nonsmall cell lung cancer
37. The inhibition of this antigen has been
associated with a decrease in the
proliferation, migration, and invasion
of cancer cells
Catumaxomab is a trifunctional
antibody with one binding arm to the
epithelial cell adhesion molecule
(EpCAM) of carcinoma cells, with the
second binding arm to CD3-receptors
of T cells and with its Fc portion to the
Fc receptor of accessory cells such as
macrophages and natural killer cells.
Trifunctional antibodies have a much
higher capacity for tumor kill than
previous monoclonal antibody lines.
38. When compared with paracentesis alone,
paracentesis followed by catumaxomab therapy was
associated with significant prolongation of
paracentesis-free survival, improvement in the
quality of life, there are also signs of a prolongation
of overall survival.
The benefits of catumaxomab were seen across a
broad range of epithelial ovarian and nonovarian
cancers.
Catumaxomab was generally well tolerated in the
pivotal phase II/III trial.
Editor's Notes
It is known that about 50% of patients with malignant ascites present with ascites at the initial diagnosis of their cancer.
Chylous ascites has atrigylceride content of .200 mg/dL
confirms thediagnosis of malignancy with a specificity of 100%